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A STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINE AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2018-12) SALAUDDIN, MD.; Dr. Mir Rowshan Akter
Mastitis is the ultimate threat to the dairy industry throughout the world. It causes a major economic loss of dairy farmers. There are so many pathogenic organisms like Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneaumoniae other Streptococcus sp. responsible for it. Indigenous as well as crossbreeds are frequently affected by mastitis. The principle objective is to detect major pathogenic organisms from mastitis milk and development of vaccine candidate. All the mastitis milk samples are tested by CMT for the confirmation of mastitis. Organisms are isolated and identified by the cultural and biochemical test. After that molecular identification is done by PCR and RT-PCR. Gene amplification is done by 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA with reference primer that helps in their specification. Besides, phylogenetic analysis precisely specified the study isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the positive isolates performed by the disc diffusion method against fifteen (15) antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial patterns of isolates were also subjected to study by using house fly (Musca domestica). Among the isolates, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin resistance (MRSA) appeared in all cases. Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus agalactiae and other Streptococcus sp. appeared about 50% or less from the isolates. Antibiogram study reveals that most of the isolates were MDR (Multi-Drug Resistance). Housefly (Musca domestica) were showed complete resistance in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. but showed good response in case of E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. Mastitis causing most important organisms that are characterized were used in the production of Polyvalent Formalin Inactivated Vaccine (PFIV) seed where colony forming unit (CFU) maintained. Antibiogram study helps to choose specific drug and formulated vaccine seed helps to immunize the dairy cows as well as protect the farmers from massive economic loses.
ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND HYGIENIC PRACTICES OF RAW MILK FROM DAIRY FARMS AND VENDOR SHOPS IN DINAJPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2020-06) FARAH, AHMED ALI; Prof. Dr. Mir Rowshan Akter
Milk is a highly nutritious food to human and animals, but serves as an excellent growth medium for a wide range of microorganisms. The present cross sectional study was conducted from January to June 2020 with objective of assessing the hygienic practices and bacteriological quality of raw milk from dairy farms, and vendor shops in different settings of Dinajpur district. During the assessment a total of 45 respondents were interviewed to collect the required information from farmers and vendors about owner and workers „awareness about pre and post-harvest milk handling practices. The Physico-chemical analysis parameters were considered to evaluate the quality of milk samples. The organoleptic properties of milk such as color, flavor and texture were evaluated with the help of eyes, nose and mouth. Similarly, to clot on boiling test and Alcohol test was employed to test the quality of milk. Also, Methylene blue reduction test was used to grading milk from two sources and in all milk sample from vendor shops were grading as poor quality milk compared the milk from dairy producers. At the same time, milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis including bacterial load assessment with isolation and identification. The mean value of bacterial load was found higher in vending shops (8.1x109 (log 9.9 CFU/mL) followed 6×106 (log 6.4) CFU/mL Within dairy farms the mean values of bacterial load were highest value in small scale farms. Among current the milk samples collected, (48%) of the farm settings and (60%) of milk vending shops were graded as poor quality. In the course of this study, out of 45 samples 30 were found to be positive among bacteria belong to the five genera isolated. Among them the most frequent isolate was of Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%), E. coli (23.3%), Salmonella spp. (20%), Klebsiella spp. (14.2%) and Shigella spp. (10.7%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that all the isolated bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Chloramphenicol (C), Levofloxacin (LE) followed by Cefixime(CFM) but resistant to Ampicillin(AMP) Azithromycin, Tetracycline (TE) which were showed very poor efficacies resistance on many isolates. Only Gentamycin (GEN) was intermediate antibiotic to Shigella spp. According to international standards of raw milk quality both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. The quality of milk consumed in the study area was found inferior quality according to the standard level. Thus, awareness should be strengthened on hygienic methods of production, handling, transportation and distribution of milk among all level of producers, milk vending shops and consumers in the town
Assessment of microbial load in fecal sample of fat-tailed sheep with molecular characterization and antibiogram study
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) MAHMUD, NABIL; Dr. Mir Rowshan Akter
This study was conducted to observe the microbial load in the rectal swab and in fecal samples of lamb and adult fat-tailed sheep with molecular characterization and antibiogram study of the identified isolates. The study was performed during the period from July, 2017 to December, 2017. A total of 32 samples were collected, of which 16 were from Dinajpur (8 rectal swab and 8 fecal samples) and 16 were from Nilphamari (8 rectal swab and 8 fecal samples). The organisms were isolated by using standard microbiological method. The result revealed that in case of total aerobic count, the microbial load was higher in Dinajpur (1.53×107 ±0.05 CFU) than that of in Nilphamari (1.46×107 ±0.06 CFU) and in case of total anaerobic count, it was also higher in Dinajpur (0.78×107 ±0.012CFU) than that of in Nilphamari (0.62×107 ±0.05). Among the thirty two samples, the prevalence of the isolates were, Escherichia coli 11 (34.37%), Salmonella spp 10 (31.25%), Klebsiella spp 7 (21.87%). and Clostridium spp 4 (12.5%). The bacteria were isolated by using different bacteriological culture media (MacConkey agar, EMB agar, SS agar, BGA agar, brain heart infusion agar, blood agar and Robertson’s cooked meat medium) and identified by different biochemical tests (catalase test, indole test, MR reaction, VP reaction, TSI test, citrate utilization test and MIU test). The bacteria were identified by using Gram’s staining technique and out of four isolates 3 isolates were found to be gram negative rods (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp.), while one was gram positive, small rod (Clostridium spp.). Among four (4) identified isolates, Klebsiella spp. was characterized by using molecular technique like PCR and electropherogram and it was characterized as Klebsiella pneumoniae. From the antibiogram study it was observed that Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly susceptibile to Ofloxacin, while these isolates were individually susceptible to Flumequine, Cefixime and Vancomycin respectively. Colistin was susceptible to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to Cefepime, Cefaclor, Tobramycin, Aztreonam and Vancomycin. Clostridium spp. exhibited high susceptibility to Colistin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. Gentamycin and showed resistance to Nalidixic Acid, Co-Trimoxazole, Amoxycillin, Erythromycin, Cefalexin, Vancomycin, Cloxacillin and Penicillin. The study suggests that the proper dosing of the antibiotics and maintenance of hygiene should be established in all the farms of fat-tailed sheep in Bangladesh to inhibit the multi drug resistant bacteria to keep the sheep and the individuals directly involved with the rearing sheep safe from all the possible zoonotic diseases.
BACTERIAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM WOUND INFECTION
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) DEB, NIGAMANANDA; Dr. Farzana Afroz
A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial drug resistance pattern of pathogens isolated from wound infection. The study was done in St. Vincent Hospital during the period of July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 66 infected wound samples were collected with different variables (sex and age group) and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens were isolated by using standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and E.coli were the predominant causes of wound infections. The overall prevalence of bacterial pathogens in wound infection out of 66 samples was 63.6% Staphylococcus spp., 21.2% Pseudomonas spp. and 15.2% E.coli respectively. Two types of mixed bacterial infections were found. One was Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. mixed infection with 75% prevalence. Another was Staphylococcus spp. and E.coli. mixed infection with 25% prevalence. For antibiogram study 8 common antibiotics were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Gram-positive isolates were more sensitive to Gentamycine , Cefixime and Levofloxacin . On the other hand Gramnegative isolates were more sensitive to Gentamycin and Cefixime. The isolates were highly resistance to Ampicillin , Vancomycin and Erythromycin.
BACTERIAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM WOUND INFECTION
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) DEB, NIGAMANANDA; Dr. Farzana Afroz
A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial drug resistance pattern of pathogens isolated from wound infection. The study was done in St. Vincent Hospital during the period of July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 66 infected wound samples were collected with different variables (sex and age group) and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens were isolated by using standard microbiological techniques. Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and E.coli were the predominant causes of wound infections. The overall prevalence of bacterial pathogens in wound infection out of 66 samples was 63.6% Staphylococcus spp., 21.2% Pseudomonas spp. and 15.2% E.coli respectively. Two types of mixed bacterial infections were found. One was Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. mixed infection with 75% prevalence. Another was Staphylococcus spp. and E.coli. mixed infection with 25% prevalence. For antibiogram study 8 common antibiotics were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Gram-positive isolates were more sensitive to Gentamycine , Cefixime and Levofloxacin . On the other hand Gramnegative isolates were more sensitive to Gentamycin and Cefixime. The isolates were highly resistance to Ampicillin , Vancomycin and Erythromycin.
BACTERIAL LOAD IN FECAL SAMPLE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP AT GOBINDAGONJ UPAZILLA OF GAIBANDHA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2015-05) SALMUN RIFAT, SYEDA; Dr. Mostafizer Rahman
The present study was conducted to identify the organisms in feces of sheep and their effects on growth performance of sheep at Gobindogonj Upazilla, Gaibandha. The samples were analyzed to determine the total viable count, prevalence of gram negative bacteria, Eschrechia coli and Salmonella spp. The sheep were categorized into three (3) groups namely group A, group B and group C according to their body weight gain at same age. For the determination of bacterial load a total of 45 samples were tested where E.coli present in 20 sample and prevalence was 44.44%, ( group A- 60%, Group B -40% and group- C 33.33%), and Salmonella spp was present in 11 samples and prevalence was 24.44% (group A- 33.33%, Group B- 26.67% and group C-13.33%). From this study the result represented that the total viable counts/g feces in group A, group B and group C were 9.8 x 106, 4.9x 104 and 3.4x 103 CFU/g sample respectively, the E. coli counts/g feces in group A, group B and group C were 4.24 x 106, 2.4x 104 and 5.5x 102 CFU/g of sample respectively and Salmonella spp. counts/g sample on group A, group B and group C were 3.2 x 103, 2.1x 102 and 1x 102 CFU/g feces respectively. The study showed that group A had highest bacterial load (6.99 Log 10/g) and group C had lowest bacterial load (3.53Log10/g).In conclusion it is evident that E. coli and Salmonella spp was successfully detected through different bacteriological agar viii media and biochemical reaction indicating the isolated organisms were responsible for possible faecal pollution and also a negative effect on growth performance of sheep in reared in research area.
BACTERIAL LOAD IN THE FECES OF RABBIT AT DINAJPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) DAS, MITA RANI; Dr. Farzana Afroz
The present study was conducted to identify the bacterial load in feces of rabbit and to identify their effects on growth performance of rabbit of Dinajpur Upazilla, Dinajpur. The samples were analyzed to determine the total viable count, prevalence of gram negative bacteria, Eschrechia coli and Salmonella spp. The rabbit were categorized into three (3) groups namely group A, group B and group C according to their body weight gain at same age and different feeding management. They reared in intensive system. For the determination of bacterial load a total of 30 samples were tested. From this study the result represented that the total viable counts/g feces in group A, group B and group C were 1.2 × 104 , 2.4 × 106 , 3.5 × 107 CFU/g sample respectively, the E. coli counts/g feces in group A, group B and group C were 2.5 × 103 , 5.5 × 105 and 4.5 × 106 CFU/g of sample respectively and Salmonella spp. counts/g sample on group A, group B and group C were 1 × 102 , 2.1 × 102 and 3 × 103 CFU/g feces respectively. The study showed that group C had highest bacterial load 3.5 × 107 CFU/g (7.54 Log 10/g) and average body weight these group rabbits 1 kg. In group A had lowest bacterial load 1.2 × 104 CFU/g sample (4.08 Log10/g) and average body weight these group rabbits 1.5 kg. where the prevalence of E. coli present in 13 sample was 43.33%, group A- 30%, Group B -40% and group- C 60%, and the prevalence of Salmonella spp was present in 7 samples was 23.33%, group A- 10%, Group B- 20% and group C-40%. In conclusion, it is evident that E. coli and Salmonella spp was successfully detected through different bacteriological media and biochemical reaction indicating the isolated organisms were responsible for possible fecal pollution and also a negative effect on growth performance of rabbit reared in research area.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RAW MEAT OF GOAT
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2018-12) ROY, SREEDEBY RANI; Dr. Mst. Deloara Begum
Goat farming is one of the important components of the livestock industry in Bangladesh. Farmers rear goats mostly as a subordinate occupation to supplement their livelihood. Goat farming is not only a commercial enterprise but also a mode of life which contributes substantially in farmer’s income as well as in national economy. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteriological quality of raw meat of goat selling in different markets at sadar Upazila in dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 30 meat samples were collected from Dinajpur district of Bangladesh and tested for the presence of microorganisms following conventional microbiological process. Samples were inoculated into various selective media such as manital salt (MS) agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Nutrient agar, Mac conkey agar, Salmonella- Shigella (SS) agar, Staphylococcus agar no. 110. Identification of Bacteria were performed by morphological, cultural and biochemical test. The total viable count (TVC) in meat samples of Bahadur bazar was 4.8 CFU/g, 4.6 CFU/g and 3.9 CFU/g, in 10-3 , 10-7 and 10-10 dilution respectively and Borobondor bazar was 3.6 CFU/g, 3.2 CFU/g and 3.02 CFU/g in 10-3 , 10-7 and 10-10 dilution respectively. The isolated staphylococcus spp. was sensitive to Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Kanamycm (K), Salmonella spp. was sensitive to Azithromycin (AZM), Vancomycin (VA) and Teicoplanin (TE) and Pseudomonas spp. was sensitive to Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (CIP). The identified isolates were characterized by using molecular technique like PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic Analysis. This study reveals that raw meat samples in Bahadur bazar are contaminated beyond the acceptable limits. This may be due to the unhygienic practices of butchers consumers were not concious. Suggestion has been given to improve the knowledge on hygienic among the meat producers to reduce microbial load.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS WITH ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FRESH FRUIT JUICES OF DINAJPUR CITY, BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) SARKAR, MOHANANDA; Dr. Farzana Afroz
Freshly prepared fruit juices sold by local market vendors in Dinajpur city were analyzed for the bacteriological quality. Forty (40) fresh fruit juices were collected from different areas around Dinajpur city. Standard plate count techniques were followed to assess Total viable bacterial count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), and Total Staphylococcal count (TSC). The total viable bacterial count ranged from 1.8×104 to 5.6×107cfu/ml. Total coliform count and Total Staphylococcal count of juice samples were ranged from 1.36×103 to 5.76×106 cfu/ml and 0 to 5.85×106 cfu/ml respectively. The juice samples were also found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. & Klebsiella spp. Out of 40 freshly prepared fruit juice samples collected, 38 samples (95%) showed the presence of E. coli. The percentage of Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. & Klebsiella spp. of the tested samples were 75%, 12.5%, and 10% respectively. So the fruit juice samples were unsafe for drinking. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated bacteria revealed that, among the four isolated bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp. were 100% resistant to Ampicillin but Staphylococcus spp. were 87% resistant to Ampicillin. Isolated Klebsiella spp. was found to be 75% resistant to Amoxicillin and Salmonella spp. were 20% resistant to Vancomycin. Such drug resistance properties may render these pathogens cause serious health hazards because of ineffective treatment of the sufferers by the commonly prescribed antibiotics. It was concluded that due to unhygienic fruit handling in the unsanitary environmental conditions vi the juices become contaminated with bacteria which are harmful for public health. Key words: Fruit juice, TVC, TCC, TSC, Antibiotic Resistance pattern.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS WITH ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PRAWNS AT DINAJPUR, BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) DAS, MITA; Dr. Farzana Afroz
Prawns sold in local market could be microbiologically spoiled intrinsically or extrinsically. The research study was attempted to detect Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total Coliform Counts (TCC), Total Salmonella-Shigella (TSS) Counts and Total Vibrio Counts (TVC). The abundance of bacterial loads was determined from thirty prawn samples. The density of total bacteria was detected in all the prawn samples were significantly higher (p< 0.001). Mean±SEM of TBC, TCC, TSS and TVC of prawn samples was 4.49±0.24, 5.20±0.29, 4.60±0.30 and 5.59±0.21 log10 CFU/g respectively. The total bacterial counts (TBC) ranged between 3.8×102 CFU/g to 2.8×106 CFU/g. The total coliforms counts (TCC) ranged between 4.9×102 CFU/g to 3.52×107 CFU/g. Furthermore, total Salmonella-Shigella (TSS) counts ranged from 1.65×102 CFU/g to 1.3×107 CFU/g. The total Vibrio counts (TVC) of thirty samples were ranged between 4.0×103 CFU/g to 2.5×107 CFU/g. The highest Mean±SEM of TBC, TCC, TSS and TVC were found in Gopalgong bazaar (4.76±0.39 log10 CFU/g), Rail gate bazaar (6.13±0.41 log10 CFU/g), Rail gate bazaar (5.79±0.32 log10 CFU/g) and Rail gate bazaar (5.29±0.40 log10 CFU/g) respectively. But the bacterial load found in prawns did not vary significantly among the three selected local markets of Dinajpur city. A total of thirty prawn samples were examined. All of them were found to be contaminated with different microbes characterized as follows- E. coli (100%), Salmonella spp. (100%), Vibrio spp. (66.7%), Klebsiella spp. (40%) and Shigella spp. (33.3%). Isolated bacteria were identified using the biochemical tests namely Indole test, Methyl red test, Voges - Proskauer test, Citrate utilization test, Triple sugar vi Iron test and MIU test. The results revealed that the bacterial load found to be higher in most of the samples. The study of antibiotic resistance pattern showed a number of pathogenic isolates to be drug-resistant. All of the isolates were found to be 100% resistant against Tetracycline. E. coli and Vibrio spp. also showed 100% resistant against Cefixime and Erythromycin respectively. Key words- Prawn, Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Salmonella-Shigella (TSS) Count, Total Vibrio Counts (TVC), Antibiotic resistance.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD AND POTABLE WATER SAMPLES IN HSTU DINING-HALL
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) ALI, MISKI HASSAN; Dr. Mir Rowshan Akter
The research work was conducted in order to isolate, identify, characterize and to detect antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Shigella spp. found in the household water and potable water. A total of 50 samples were collected from different dining-halls of HSTU, Dinajpur district and brought to the Microbiology laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University for bacteriological examination. The isolates were detected by standard bacteriological tests including cultural tests, staining and biochemical tests. The study revealed that the prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in household water was 20%, 44%, 16%, 8% and 12% respectively, on the other hand in potable water it was 28%, 32%, 12%, 8% and 20% respectively. The total prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in household water and in potable water was 24%, 38%, 14%, 8% and 16% respectively. The results also suggest that both household and potable water pose significant alarming for the public health issue if not maintain proper hygienic steps in place. The study of antibiotic resistance pattern showed a number of pathogenic isolates to be drug resistant and drug sensitive. Isolates of Salmonella spp., E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were found sensitive to Colistin (100%). Salmonella spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Shigella spp. found resistant to Erythromycin (100%) while Staphylococcus spp. found intermediate to Erythromycin (62.5%). So it can be suggested that the antibiotic resistance properties of isolated bacteria can cause serious health hazards because of ineffective treatment of the sufferers by the commonly prescribed antibiotics.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AT MISSIONARY HOSPITAL IN DINAJPUR
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2020-06) Professor Dr. Md. Khaled Hossain
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is an infection caused by the presence and growth of pathogen anywhere in the urinary tract including a kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in women, and 50% to 60% of adult women experience a UTI during their lifetime. In women, the ascent of a number of organisms into the bladder is easier than in men because of the relatively short urethra and absence of bactericidal prostatic secretion. The infections cause a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year and considered among the most common infectious diseases affecting all age groups, from infants to the elderly and also the most common infections seen in hospitalized patients and the second most common, after respiratory tract infections, seen in the general population. A total of 40 samples were collected from different inpatients at missionary Hospital, the study was carried out during the period January 2019 to June 2020. The urine samples are collected and brought to the laboratory under the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur and subjected to different bacteriological profile tests for isolation and identification of bacteria based on Morphology, Staining, Culture and biochemical examinations and antibiogram study. Out of 40 clinical samples, 31(77.5%) samples were collected from female and 9(22.5%) were from male. Out of the culture positive samples, female patients were more (82.1%) than male patients (17.9%). Several other studies show similar findings. The high incidence in female is due to colonization with enteric bacteria due to short urethra. Most number of positive urine cultures (39.28%) was seen in age group 31- 40 years. Our study showed UTI is a common problem faced by clinicians in every part of the world irrespective of the age and sex. We discuss the relationship between age, sex, and pathogens isolated, antibiotic sensitivity pattern in UTI. The culture positive cases were 28 (70%) out of 40 cases which were enrolled in our study. al in their studies showed culture positive in 31% and 24.5% cases respectively. In another study, culture positive as low as 8.7%. The study revealed that the total prevalence bacteria were E. coli 12(44.9%), Staphylococcus spp 8(28.6%) and Klebsiella spp 5(17.9%). E. coli showed sensitivity to Gentamicin, Amikacin, and Ciprofloxacin respectively. Klebsiella spp showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Amikacin.Staphylococcuss spp. showed to Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Gentamicin
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM OMPHALITIS IN CALVES
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2012-12) SHIDDIQUE, MD. ABU BAKAR; Prof. Dr. Md. Mostafizer Rahman
The study was conducted for characterization and antibiogram study of bacterial pathogens isolated from Omphalitis in calves. The Study was performed by using staining, cultural, biochemical test and antibiogram study of identified filled isolates during the period of July’2012 to December’2012. A total of 21 pus samples were collected from Omphalitis affected calves. All the samples were collected from the different veterinary hospital under Rangpur district for this study. The positive samples were brought to the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur. A total of 21 pus samples from infected calves belonging to group-A (13), B (6) and C (2) and comprising 13, 6, 2 sample respectively were inoculated into different bacteriological media and stained by Grams staining technique. It was observed that the highest percentage of occurrence of Omphalitis obtained from group-A: (61.90%) followed by group-B: (28.55%) and group-C: (9.52%). It was observed that out of 21 isolates Staphylococcus species was 66.67% and E. coli was 33.33%. Overall sensitivity pattern of antibiotics to Omphalitis revealed that Levofloxacin, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin are most efficacious followed by Chloramphenicol and Doxycycline. Thus, it may be recommended that Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin and Levofloxacin in optimum doses would resolve most cases of Omphalitis in calves
Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Urinary Tract Infectious Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples of Pregnant Women
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) HOSEN, MD. AOULAD; Dr. Nazmi Ara Rumi
Urinary tract infection is a commonly encountered disease during pregnancy that can result in critical and costly complications for both mother and fetus which urge the need for timely detection and prevention. The study aimed to determine the frequency of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urine sample from pregnant women in different hospital at Dinajpur district. The urine samples were randomly collected from 100 patients of different Hospitals and Diagnostic Center in Dinajpur district. A total of 75 bacteria isolated from urine samples of 33 patients and identified by conventional methods. 80% of total isolated organisms were found to be gram negative while remaining 20% were gram positive. Among gram negative E. coli was the most frequent bacteria. The percentages of gram negative isolates were E. coli (40%) followed by Klebsiella spp (21.33%), Proteus spp (12%) and Pseudomonas spp (6.67%). The percentage of gram positive isolates includes, Staphylococcus spp (16%) and Streptococcus spp (4%). Molecular techniques used for the characterization of E. coli include; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phylogenetic typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), comparative genomic hybridization, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), optical mapping, and whole genome sequencing (Sabat et al., 2013). The antibiotic resistances of identified organisms were carried out by disc-diffusion method with commercially available 20 discs of antibiotics having different mode of actions such as cell wall synthesis inhibitors, membrane permeability alternatives, protein synthesis inhibitors and DNA synthesis inhibitors. Gram negative showed more resistance to these antibiotics as compared to gram positive organisms. The sensitivity rates of isolated gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%), and Levofloxacin (100%), Gentamycin (80%), Neomycin and Colistin (70%), Amikacin (40%), Kanamycin (20%). The isolates were resistant to Penicillin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%), Vankomycin (90%), Cephalexin (80%). The gram positive isolates were highly sensitive to Levofloxacin (100%), Ofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%) and Gentamycin (100%), Novobiocin, Kanamycin and Tobramycin (80%). The isolates were resistant to Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin (100%), Colistin and Norofloxacin (60%).This study showed that the frequency of E. coli increases the probability of urinary tract infection. It is now very necessary to develop new antimicrobials and therapeutic agents having high effectiveness with no side effects, easy availability and less expensive.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM CALF DIARRHOEA WITH ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF IDENTIFIED FIELD ISOLATES
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2011) ABDULLAH, MD.; MIR ROWSHAN AKTER
Calf diarrhosea is a common problem in among small, medium and large cattle farms of Bangladesh. High economic loss occurs due to calf diarrhea. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits the therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. The research work was conducted to Isolate, Identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens causing calf diarhoea. The study was conducted on 114 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of diarrhoeic calves’ dairy farm and brought for the treatment in the District and Upazilla hospitals under Panchagarh District to find out the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. Out of 114 fecal samples exmined for bacterial isolates, the number and frequency of distribution in percentage for positive samples were 84 (73.7%) of them for E.coli 44(38.6%), Salmonella spp 25(21.9%), Staphylococcous 15(13.2%), other bacteria 18(15.8%) and 12 (10.5%) was negative for bacteria (Nutritional and other than bacterial causes involved).The frequency response of E.coli , Salmonella and Staphylococcous to Microscopic examination and specific biochemical tests were 58.6%, 31.3% and 10.01% respectively. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms were confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical properties. Antibiogram of the isolated organisms was also studied. All the E.coli isolates were found to produce bright pink colonies on MacConkey agar and characteristic yellowish green metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar. Salmonella produce opaque, translucent and colorless colonies on SS agar but on BGA it produces pale, pink color colonies against pinkih background. Staphyloccous produce growth of circular, small, smooth, convex and golden yellowish colonies on Nutrient agar, produce hemolysis on blood agar media and Staphylococcous agar no.10 media produce yellowish colonies. The Staphyloccous were produced acid. The change of color from reddish to yellow indicated acid production. In TSI agar slant, yellow slant, yellow butt, absence of gas bubbles and absence of black precipitate, The results of MR test positive, V- P test negative, Indole test negative.The results of MR and Indole tests of E.coli isolates were positive; VP test was negative. In case of Salmonella MR Test was positive but VP and Indole test were negative. The antibiogram study revealed that these three isolates were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Gentamicin, moderately sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Enrofloxacin and resistant to Amoxycilli, Ampcillin, Penicillin and Bactericin. The findinings of the experiment indicates that the use of Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin and Gentamicin may have the preference to be choice in clinical control of Salmonella, E.coli, and Staphyloccous causing calf diarrohoea in Bangladesh.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM DUCK AND PIGEON WITH THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2013-06) RAHMAN, MD. MOSHIUR; Prof. Dr. Md. Mostafizer Rahman
Salmonellosis is a common problem in poultry farms of our country. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits. the therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. A total of 90 samples were collected from liver, spleen and intestine of Duck, Pigeon; either dead or sick, brought for antibiogram study following isolation of Salmonellae from those birds during the period from January 2013. to June, 2013. from three upazilla of Dinajpur District of Bangladesh. The collected samples were inoculated to different cultural media (NA, MC agar, EMB agar, SS agar, BGA) for the determination of cultural characteristics of the organism.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS FROM SELECTED LAYER FLOCK AND DEMONSTRATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EDIBLE PLANT EXTRACTS TO SELECTED ISOLATES OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2016-12) MONI, MAHFUZA
The present study was selected as antibacterial effect of extracts from some edible plants (Neem, Garlic and Ginger) against Salmonella serovars isolated from selected layer flock by using morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. The prevalence of positive isolates was higher in Dinajpur (13.89%) in comparison to Thakurgoan (11.91%), Panchagarh (8.33%) and Nilphamari (10%) according to their study area differences. The organoleptic prevalence of positive isolates were also higher in liver (17.86%) in comparison to the heart (7.14%) and lung (10.72%) respectively. Extractions of some edible plants were performed using absolute ethanol. In this study, the antibacterial sensitivity of ethanolic extracts of Neem, Garlic and Ginger in various concentration (80, 100 and 120 mg/ml) against Multidrug resistant bacteria of layer flock (resistant to at least two antibiotics) was determined by using disc diffusion method. The higher zone of inhibition of different plant extracts (Neem, Garlic and Ginger) were 14 mm, 10 mm and 2 mm in 120 mg/ml in which the lower zone of inhibition were 10 mm, 3 mm and no zone in 80 mg/ml. In this study it was observed that ethanolic extract of Neem leaf is effective against Multidrug resistant bacteria of layer flock than Garlic and Ginger extracts. However the organisms were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Colistin, Intermediate to Levofloxacin and Chloramphenicol and resistant to Neomycin and Kenamycin. The isolates were also subjected to compare the efficacy of resistant antibiotics and plant extracts in vitro. In this study, it was observed that plant extracts showed higher zone of inhibition than commercial antibiotics. From this study it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of neem leaf could be used as an alternative approach to synthetic antibiotics against field isolates.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP ISOLATED FROM ARTHRITIC BROILER BREEDER FLOCK WITH ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF IDENTIFIED FIELD ISOLATES
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2011-08) ISLAM, MD. SHAFIQUL; Mir. Rowshan Akter
The study was conducted for characterization of Staphylococcus sp isolated from arthritic broiler breeder flock with antibiogram study of identified field isolates. The study was performed in a breeder flock. The flock consists of 7000 birds of different age groups, name of the breed cobb 500 selected for the study. The sample were collected from the affected birds and shifted aseptically to the Bacteriology laboratory of the department of Microbiology Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University. The samples were subjected to clinical, postmortem and microbiological (morphological, cultural and biochemical) examination. The study shows that infection is very high in starter and grower (58.2%) than laying period (16.6%). The staphylococcus sp highly sensitive to different antimicrobial agents such as 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, penicillin, gentamicin and 70% sensitive nitrofurantoin 60% azithromicin and resistance to cephradine, ampicillin, amoxicillin sulfomithoxazole X Trimethoprim.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE STRAIN ISOLATED FROM PNEUMONIA CASES OF CHILD PATIENTS
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2018-12) BARI, MD. NAYEMUL; Professor Dr. Md. Mostafizer Rahman
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in children causing pneumonia. The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae strains worldwide poses a threat to the effective treatment of these infections. For this purpose, the present research was conducted during the period of January– November 2018. The samples were collected from three main hospitals of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 40 samples were randomly collected & analyzed through different bacteriological, biochemical, moleculer & antibiotic susceptibility testing. Out of 40 samples, positive cases of pneumonia were found to be 37.5% & 15 isolates were isolated. The Frequency of pneumonia in relation to age were 3-5yrs (50%), 6-8yrs (33.33%), 9- 11yrs (25%) & 12-15 (20%). Distribution of organism based on age difference were 3-5 years (7%), 6-8 years (20%), 9-11 years (6.67%) & 12-15 years (30%). The present study reveals that the study area had no significant effect (P > 0.05), but age (P < 0.05) & socio-economic status (P < 0.05) had significant effects on the prevalence of pneumonia in pneumonia patients. In study area, the highest prevalence was found in M Abdur Rahim Medical College Hospital (40%), followed by Arobindo Shishu Hospital (33.33%) & Islami Bank Community Hospital (40%) respectively. Among the age group, the prevalence of pneumonia was highest (50%) in 3-5 years age group, then 33.33% in 12-15 years age group, 25% in 6-8 years age group & 20% in 9-11 years age group. Highest prevalence of pneumonia was found in poor socio-economic status (54.54%), followed by medium (16.66%) & rich (16.66%) socio-economic condition respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was characterized by 16S rRNA Sequencing & the identified strain was Streptococcus pneumoniae NBRC102642. The antibiotic study revealed that all of the isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to most of the drugs, but found sensitive to Neomycin, Kanamycin & Streptomycin followed by Erythromycin, Azithromycin & Bacitracin. Avoidence of indiscriminate use of antibiotics & development of nationwide awareness can play an important role for the prevention of pneumonia.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF LASOTA, B1 AND Po MUKTESWAR STRAIN VACCINES FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS (NDV) IN POULTRY
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2012-02) SARKER, MD.TAZUL ISLAM; Prof.Dr. Md. Mostafizer Rahman
The control of ND relies on the use of safe and effective vaccines. Live vaccines prepared with lentogenic strains of NDV are now more commonly used in broilers and layers than vaccines prepared from chemically inactivated strains of NDV, mixed with adjuvant. This is because live freeze-dried vaccines can be produced on a large scale at a relatively low cost. The vaccines are easy to administer on a large scale, and rapidly stimulate humoral, cell-mediated and mucosal surface immunity. From this experimental work the principal objectives of the present investigation it may be stated that production of HI-antibody was higher in birds of group A (512) vaccinated with ND LaSota®, compared to those of group B vaccinated with RDV (Mukteswar strain);256, group C vaccinated with ND B1 (B1 strain) Hitchner®;2.78 at 6 weeks after vaccination. Thus, the ND Lasota® was found to be superior to some extent than . ND B1, Hitchner. However, as regards vaccination of chicks against NDV in earlier days the use of lentogenic strains are recommended although it should be kept in mind that vaccination with LaSota strains would cause considerably greater problems in young susceptable birds than Hitchner B, strain and even through LaSota induces a stronger immune response (OIE Manual, 4" Edition, 2008).