Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Urinary Tract Infectious Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples of Pregnant Women

Abstract

Urinary tract infection is a commonly encountered disease during pregnancy that can result in critical and costly complications for both mother and fetus which urge the need for timely detection and prevention. The study aimed to determine the frequency of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urine sample from pregnant women in different hospital at Dinajpur district. The urine samples were randomly collected from 100 patients of different Hospitals and Diagnostic Center in Dinajpur district. A total of 75 bacteria isolated from urine samples of 33 patients and identified by conventional methods. 80% of total isolated organisms were found to be gram negative while remaining 20% were gram positive. Among gram negative E. coli was the most frequent bacteria. The percentages of gram negative isolates were E. coli (40%) followed by Klebsiella spp (21.33%), Proteus spp (12%) and Pseudomonas spp (6.67%). The percentage of gram positive isolates includes, Staphylococcus spp (16%) and Streptococcus spp (4%). Molecular techniques used for the characterization of E. coli include; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phylogenetic typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), comparative genomic hybridization, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), optical mapping, and whole genome sequencing (Sabat et al., 2013). The antibiotic resistances of identified organisms were carried out by disc-diffusion method with commercially available 20 discs of antibiotics having different mode of actions such as cell wall synthesis inhibitors, membrane permeability alternatives, protein synthesis inhibitors and DNA synthesis inhibitors. Gram negative showed more resistance to these antibiotics as compared to gram positive organisms. The sensitivity rates of isolated gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%), and Levofloxacin (100%), Gentamycin (80%), Neomycin and Colistin (70%), Amikacin (40%), Kanamycin (20%). The isolates were resistant to Penicillin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%), Vankomycin (90%), Cephalexin (80%). The gram positive isolates were highly sensitive to Levofloxacin (100%), Ofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%) and Gentamycin (100%), Novobiocin, Kanamycin and Tobramycin (80%). The isolates were resistant to Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin (100%), Colistin and Norofloxacin (60%).This study showed that the frequency of E. coli increases the probability of urinary tract infection. It is now very necessary to develop new antimicrobials and therapeutic agents having high effectiveness with no side effects, easy availability and less expensive.