Master of Public Health (MPH)

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A CASE CONTROL STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION IN CHATTOGRAM DISTRICT
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2021-02) Arzu, Mustaree
Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, which is now endemic in Bangladesh. Effective preventive measures are critical for controlling DF in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the individual risk factors for the dengue virus infection in Chattogram and to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of DF. A case-control study including 200 cases and 200 controls was performed. The data were collected by using a prototype questionnaire. There were 32 variables in the questionnaire. Out of them 25 were dichotomous and 7 were categorical. The association of a variable with DF was initially assessed by χ2 test. The variables with p≤0.25 after the results of univariable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regress to see the independence of effects of them. Out of the dichotomous or categorical variables only two variables namely, Age (5 indicator variables generated within the categorical variable Age) and number of people living in a family (2 indicator variables generated within the category) had p<0.25. Among the age indicator variables among the variable Age, people of age of <5 years and 6 to 15 years had a higher frequency (67%) of catching dengue fever, although the association was not statistically significant at p<0.05. Density of people, i.e. number of members living in a family was only other variable with the cutoff p value qualified for the multivariable logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that when a household had members >3 the DF frequency was higher (67%) compared with household of having members <3. However, the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the other age indicator variables within the categorical variable Age when compared with the reference indicator variable age 1 to 5 years and household of having >3 members compared with household of having <3 members were neither positively nor negatively associated with DF in the study area. People of all categories, irrespective of age, living area, and socio-economic status were seemingly at an equal risk of catching DF in the study area.
A Descriptive Study on Socio-demographic Profile and Associated Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Patients in
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-06) Tahreen, Taznuba
Bangladesh is one of the 30 high tuberculosis burden countries in the world. The process from exposure to bacilli to the development of disease facilitated by different exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Studying these risk factors in different geographical condition is the basis for implementing preventive measures. Therefore, this cross sectional study conducted in Chattogram district of Bangladesh to identify possible risk factors of tuberculosis between 1 st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Data were collected from the government approved DOTS centers (Directly Observed Treatment Short course) under Chittagong Medical College Hospital located in Chattogram city. A pre prepared questionnaire was used and the questionnaire was filled out by direct interview of the patients. Data was analyzed using the software STATA/IC-13. Descriptive analyses of the tuberculosis patients such as percentage of different variables has presented in the graphs. We performed chi-square test for each variable of the patients and the level of significance was considered for risk factors, when p<0.05. The most recorded type of tuberculosis was pulmonary (58%), followed by gland (22%), and intestine (8%). Other less frequently found types were breast (7%) and bone (5%). Among different variables age, gender, marital status, smoking habit and diabetes had significant effect on the occurrence of tuberculosis in various organs. Bone tuberculosis were rare among young age groups but 22.6% found in over 60 years aged participants. Gland tuberculosis highly recorded (31.7%) among participant below 20 years old. Pulmonary tuberculosis was mostly reported in both male (65.2%) and female (49.8%) groups of participants. Among female, 26.7% found gland tuberculosis and 10.9% had breast tuberculosis. The results of this study provide baseline information for future research and developing strategies for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.
A longitudinal Survey on Quantification of Antimicrobial Use in Some Selected Commercial Poultry and Dairy Farms of Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Eliyas, Dr. Mohammad
Making available of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) data is very important for antimicrobial resistance containment. One of the activities in this regard is the AMU surveillance in food animals. The study quantifies antimicrobials used in Bangladeshi chicken and dairy farms, establishes rationale for their use, and categorizes them into WHO-CIA and WHO-AWaRe classes. This piece of work has thus been undertaken with the major objectives of quantification, categorization and rationalization of antimicrobials, used in the selected commercial chicken and dairy farms of Bangladesh. A longitudinal study was conducted to collect the antimicrobial usage data in commercial poultry and dairy farms involving summer/wet season. For the study, a total of 36 farms were selected purposively from Gazipur and Chattogram (18 from each district) that included 6 dairy, 6 layer chicken and 6 broiler chicken farms from each of the districts. Farmers from the selected farms were supplied with one trash can, zipper bags and data collection forms with a training on how to use those tools. Each farm was visited by the data collectors at least once in a week for data collection. There were correspondingly 285, 9690, and 13529 cattle, broiler chicken, and layer chicken involved in the study in Chattogram and 428, 9365, and 20312 in Gazipur. For data collection, one production cycle was considered in case broiler chicken whereas, in case of layer chicken and dairy cattle the study was conducted involving three summer months. None of the participating farms used antimicrobials as a feed premix or growth booster aside from preventive applications. The survey discovered 20 antimicrobial drugs used on broiler, 17 on layer, and 14 on dairy farms, respectively, weighing 3.3 kg, 9.67 kg and 1.072 kg. The total combined broiler AMU was 173.29 mg/PCU, layer was 285.80mg/PCU or 103.22 DDDA/1000 Chicken-Days and dairy was 32.93 DDDA/1000 Cow-Days. The study reveals that neomycin, amoxicillin, and oxytetracycline were the top three antimicrobial medications used in broiler, layer, and cattle farms respectively. The majority of these drugs fall within WHO-CIA classes for human medicine. A reserve antimicrobial, Colistin, was also used in both broilers and layers but no reserve antimicrobials were used in selected dairy fa
A Study on Available Risk factors and Complications associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus among the patients of Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-06) Moitree Biswas, Moitree Biswas
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic illnesses characterized by hyperglycemia that is caused by inadequate insulin synthesis or a lack of insulin response. In order to prevent diabetes in the general population, people must be aware of risk factors. The present study investigates the level of awareness of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and it determines among visitors at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Under an observational, cross-sectional design, 400 diabetic respondents, aged 45-90 years, were conveniently selected from the out-patient and indoor departments of Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge and attitude of the respondents. The analysis was carried out by using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS (Statistical package for social science) version 20 windows software program. Results: Among 400 participants, females had a higher chance to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) than males. Male is common in businessmen (24%) and females are common in housewives (44%) who developed type 2 diabetes mellitus (P=0.00). The female had a higher chance to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus due to being overweight (P = 0.00). In this study, males, and females who had less physical activity, had more of a chance to develop type 2 DM. Between males and females, females had more chances to develop type 2 DM due to less physical activity (P = 0.00). Positive family history leads to type 2 DM and it is common in females (P = 0.00). In this study males and females who take more carbohydrates had more chance to develop type 2 DM (P = 0.05). Conclusions: This study will help to identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of type 2 DM. By modifying lifestyle type 2 DM can be prevented and early diagnosis and properly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus can prevent early complications, which cause many sufferings and may cause death.
A STUDY ON THE PRESENCE OF MICROPLASTIC IN COMMERCIAL SALT AND RAW SEA SALT FROM BANSKHALI AND KUTUBDIA REGION, BANGLADESH
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-06) Chowdhury, Arpan Mitra
Microplastic (MP) is an environmental issue due to its pervasiveness and bioaccumulative capacity. Marine salts have been found to contain microplastics (MPs) that indicate plastic pollution in marine environment. This study has been done to investigate the presence and abundance of microplastics in commercial salt and coarse salt from salt pans in the Banshkhali and Kutubdia region, Bangladesh. Sample collection was executed by obtaining nine raw sea salt samples from Banskhali and Kutubdia regions each, along with nine individual samples from nine commercial salt brands. The samples were prepared by digestion of the sample with 30% H2O2 followed by filtration, and the MPs were observed under microscopes and identified using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The average number of MPs in per kg of raw salt samples from Banskhali and Kutubdia region were 5072.2 ±740.40 and 5700.0 ± 578.79 respectively. In contrast, nine commercial salt brands had an average of 3283.33±640.80 MPs per kg of salt. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p=0.00) in the abundance of MPs between raw sea salt and commercially processed salt. Microscopic analysis (stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope) revealed that fiber (85.39%) was the dominant shape of MPs followed by fragment (13.99%) and foam (0.62%). The most prevalent color of MPs was purple (28.26%), followed by blue (23.16%), red (23.12%), and colorless (14.03 %). The most dominant polymers identified in the salt samples were polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and nylon. Results of the present study indicate that people are consuming salt contaminated with microplastics on a regular basis hence posing a serious threat to public health
AMR AND AMU PERSPECTIVE AMONG PHYSICIANS AND VETERINARIANS: OPPORTUNITIES OF IMPLEMENTING ONE HEALTH APPROACH
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-12) Arafat Rahman, Dr. Mohammad
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is one of the most alarming and emerging threat to human and animal health of this age led majorly by the misuse of antimicrobials (AMs), which creates the necessity of understanding the practitioner’s depth of knowledge, meeting essential standards, adherence of guidelines and prescribing fundament of it. A quantitative research was conducted with a self- administrated constructive questionnaire filled out by both human and vet practitioners working under government and private sectors during the period of July to December 2019 at Chattogram, Bangladesh. The aim of the work is to assess and compare the practitioners’ antimicrobial prescribing behaviors, their attitude towards antimicrobial resistance and indiscriminate use as well as their concept regarding possible effective solutions. In this study, we assessed the AMR and AMU perspective among physicians and veterinarians with the potential for the implementation of the ONE Health Approach. Around 200 human practitioners and 100 vet practitioners (as the numbers of vet practitioners are limited) were selected for this study on a basis of common consent. Proportions were calculated for categorical variables and visualized. Among the participants, 79% of the doctors were male and 21% of the female participants were female. The state of medical education was MBBS; the vets had a degree in DVM and the percentage was 64%. Human doctors 8.81% had the MPH/MSc degree, while veterinarians had the percentage of 33. Physicians have given a higher response in the availability of appropriate guidance and protocols to improve AMR situations. The response rate for the presence of the antimicrobial resistance team, advice from the Infection Control Team and prescription restriction for certain antibiotics are 9%, 4% and 3%. Cefixime is a commonly used antibiotic for humans and has a rate of around 60 percent. Amoxicillin is a commonly used antibiotic for large animals (almost 70%). Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxon are the most commonly used antibiotics for poultry and pets. Physicians and vets responded on the basis of the guidelines they followed while prescribing decisions. As a result, both the Physicians and the Veterinarians strongly agreed that AMR is a global, domestic and day-to-day problem. Approximately 50% of physicians and vets agreed that it was difficult to find appropriate antibiotics. The highest percentage of prescribing decisions was from previous experience and the lowest percentage was of taking advice from pharmaceuticals. Too many types of x | P a g e antibiotic prescriptions, not completing the full course of AB, are the "very important" causes of antibiotic resistance. In addition, too many doses of antibiotics are another "important" cause. This research includes an effective understanding of the overall aspect of AMR from the point of view of physicians and veterinarians. The findings may be used as baseline evidence to support successful strategies and action plans to address the AMR problems.
Analysis of clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2021-01) : Islam, : Mohammad Saiful
e coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 has appeared as a devastating pandemic in recent times. Although many studies have been conducted on the clinical features and the complications caused by the disease, the changing variants of the virus has resulted in the disease showing a diversity in illness presentation, from asymptomatic cases to critical illness followed by death. In Bangladesh, few studies are available on the presenting features of patients requiring hospital admissions. Present study was undertaken to confirm the findings stated in previous studies and to report any new observations that were not mentioned before or may have gone unnoticed. The study was conducted at the in-patient department of a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Chattogram metropolitan area. With necessary consent, a total of 306 patients were followed from the time of admission until the time of discharge from the hospital’ s COVID unit. Among the admitted adult cases, majority of them were between the 35 to 55 years old age group and the male:female ratio was 7.74:1. Common risk factors observed were hypertension (56.2%), diabetes (45.4%), smoking (33.3%), obesity (29.1%), bronchial asthma (14.4%), chronic kidney disease (10.1%), chronic heart disease (5.9%), cerebrovascular disease (4.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.9%), history of suppressive therapy (2.6%), chronic liver disease (1.6%) and history of surgery (0.7%) and chemotherapy (0.7%). Common symptoms were fever (99.3%), cough (91.8%), fatigue (81.7%), altered smell (81%), altered taste (71.6%), anorexia (56.5%), dyspnea (48.4%), headache (48.4%), generalized body ache (28.4%), sore throat (25.5%), conjunctivitis (23.5%), diarrhea (15%), nasal congestion (14.1%), vomiting (13.1%), and dizziness (11.1%). Common signs were wheezing (31.4%), crackles (21.9%), bronchial breath sounds (20.3%) and cyanosis (2%). In case of clinical management, 119 (38.9%) patients received IV fluids, 47 (15.4%) patients were given medications to support blood pressure and 2 (0.7%) patients had undergone dialysis. For oxygen maintenance, 181 (59.2%) patients received oxygen through a nasal cannula, 42 (13.7%) were given oxygen through High Flow Nasal Cannula, 33 (10.8%) patients were managed with Continuous positive airway pressure, 16 (5.2%) with Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure and 6 (2%) were given mechanical ventilation. The most common drugs used for COVID-19 treatment were enoxaparin (76.8%), followed by the dexamethasone (41.5%), Remdesivir (17%), methylprednisolone (7.5%), ix Ivermectin (1.3%) and Favipiravir (0.7%). As for patient outcome 88.9% recovered, 5.9% took Discharge On Risk Bond, 2 % were referred to other hospitals and 3.3% died. On comparing the different parameters between the patients who expired as compared to survived, significant differences were found in many parameters. For demographic profile, the age (p=0.007) and number of affected family members (p=0.046) were significantly associated with adverse patient outcome. Patients with a history of diabetes (p<0.001), hypertension (p= 0.003), bronchial asthma (p= 0.041) and use of suppressive therapy (p=0.024) had a significant association with adverse patient outcome. In case of symptoms, a significant difference was found between mean duration of symptoms for the variables fever (p<0.001), cough (p=0.011), dyspnea (p=0.031), altered taste (p=0.001), fatigue (p=0.009), confusion (0.045) and generalized body ache (p<0.001). In case of signs, a significant difference was observed between mean duration of signs such as crackles (p=0.04), wheezing (p<0.001) and bronchial breath sounds (p=0.033). Patients who expired had a significantly lower SPO2 on admission (p=0.004), lower SPO2 after oxygen therapy (p<0.001), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (p=0.018), lower systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), higher heart rate (p=0.005) and higher respiratory rate (p=0.008). For serum electrolytes, levels of sodium (p=0.002), potassium (p=0.011) and bicarbonate (p=0.001) were significantly low among patients who expired. For hematological markers, patients that expired had a significantly lower hemoglobin level (p<0.001), lymphocyte percentage (p=0.001), and platelet count (p=0.001); and a significantly higher ESR (p=0.013), total WBC (p=0.02), neutrophil percentage (p=0.02) and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001). For biochemical markers, among expired patients, a significantly lower mean for N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (p= 0.045) and Troponin I (p=0.001) and a significantly higher mean for C - reactive protein (p<0.001), serum ferritin (p<0.001), d- dimer (p<0.001), procalcitonin (p=0.037), random blood sugar (p<0.001), aspartate transaminase (p=0.001) and serum creatinine (p=0.019) were observed. This study adds valuable information to the body of literature on COVID ‐ 19 among the Bangladeshi population. On the basis of this study, further research can be conducted and patient outcomes can be predicted.
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from Acute Lower Respiratory Tract infections in tertiary care hospital, Chattogram
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-03) Nath, Sujan Chandra
Antibiotics are frequently used for various infectious diseases e.g., acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). But, injudicious use of antibiotics often leads to antibiotic resistance which is an emerging problem. The objective of this study was taken up to analyse the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated from the sputum samples of admitted patients suffering from ALRTI in a tertiary care teaching hospital. This cross-sectional study with conducted between September 2021 to March 2022. For this study, 213 lower respiratory tract infection patients were selected by purposive sampling from Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. Their socio-demographic information and culture-sensitivity report was recorded using a structured questionnaire. The number of male participants was higher(62%) compared to the number of female participants(32%). The majority of the participants had undergone primary education (46%) and most of the participants had an income below 20,000 BDT (67%). More than three-fourths (77%) of the participants hailed from urban areas. Streptococcus pneumoniae (43%) was the most common organism followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa (13%) isolated from the sputum sample.From 92 sputum samples with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 60 samples were sensitive to levofloxacin and 32 samples were resistant. From 48 sputum samples with K. pneumoniae, 36 samples were sensitive to levofloxacin and 11 samples were resistant. From 28 sputum samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 26 samples were sensitive to levofloxacin and 2 samples were resistant. The commonest pathogens isolated from the sputum samples were S. pneumoniae, followed by Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam combination and gentamicin was sensitive against Klebsiella and Pseudomonas
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Identification of Resistant Gene in Bacteria Isolated from Meat and Milk Collected from Local Market of CMA
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Khan, Ayesha Ahmed
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is known as a silent pandemic; an emerging global public health issue. The problem of AMR is similarly salient and prevalent in animals. From a public health perspective, AMR in dairy cattle, poultry meat can also jeopardize human health by the potential dissemination of AMR pathogens to humans via consumption of infected dairy products or direct contact with infected poultry and animal meat. Harshly, the dairy and poutry industry is increasingly confronted with AMR Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter and Salmonella. This study was designed to investigate the multidrug- resistant pattern along with the most frequently isolated resistant genes of S. aureus. E. coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella from buffalo milk, buffalo meat, goat meat, beef meat, goat milk, layer meat and poultry meat in the Chittagong metropolitan area of Bangladesh. A total of 130 meat and milk samples including 40 poultry products (broiler & layer chicken meat) and 9 0 large (buffalo and cattle) and small (goat) animal products were collected from the study population. Isolation and identification of S. aureus, E. coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella were done following the standard bacteriological method. The nuc gene,16s rRNA and ST11, ST15 gene were tabbed in molecular identification of S. aureus, E. coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella respectively. In this study among 7 isolates of S. aureus four in broiler meat (20% , 95%CI 5.73 - 43.6%), one in beef meat (5%, 95%CI 0.12%- 24.8%), one in buffalo meat (10% , 95%CI 0.25%- 44.5%), one in Goat meat (5% , 95%CI 0.12%- 24.8%) were confirmed. Whereas among 47 isolates five in broiler meat (25% , 95%CI 8.65%- 49.1%), nine in beef meat (45%, 95%CI 23.05%- 68.45%), four in buffalo meat (40%, 95%CI 12.15% - 73.76%), thirteen in goat meat (65%, 95%CI 40.78%- 84.60%), six in goat milk (24% , 95%CI 9.35%- 45.12%), seven in buffalo milk (46.67% , 95%CI 21.26%-73.41%), three in layer meat (15% , 95%CI 3.2%- 37.8%) were confirmed as E. coli. Also twenty-one isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter strain out of 130 samples; Nine in layer meat (45% , 95%CI 23.05%-68.47%), twelve in broiler meat (60% , 95%CI 36.05%-80.88%). On the other hand, a total of 5 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella strain out of 130 meat and milk samples by PCR. One in beef meat (5% , 95%CI 0.12%- 24.8%), four in buffalo milk (26.67% , 95%CI 7.78%- 55.10%). xiii | P a g e xv | P a g e Among the positive S. aureus isolates, showed resistance against all tested antibiotics except Meropenem (MEM). Highest number of isolates (100%) in broiler meat was resistant against Tetracycline (TE), followed by 75% to Oxytetracycline (OT) and 50% to Ceftriaxone (CRO), Oxacillin (OX) and others. All S. aureus isolates were multi drug resistant, 57.14 % of the isolates had resistance against 4 to 6 tested antimicrobials and 42.85% had resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were characterized with the presence of AMR genes. Afterward, the positive isolates were screened against antimicrobials using the disc diffusion technique. At a fleeting glance, alarmingly in buffalo milk, broiler meat, cattle meat and goat meat, 100% E. coli isolates of CMA showed resistance to Sulphathiazole- trimethoprim (SXT), Erythromycin (ERE), Tetracycline (TE) and Ampicillin (AMP), followed by in buffalo milk 85.71% against Ciprofloxacin (CIP), 57.14% against Gentamycin (CN), and Neomycin (N). In buffalo meat, 100% resistance showed only against Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Ampicillin (AMP). All 47 E. coli isolates were multi drug resistant. 57.44% isolates were resistant to 4-6 antimicrobials and 40.42% were resistant to more than 7 tested drugs. In Layer meat 100% Campylobacter isolates of Chattogram area showed resistance to Erythromycin (ERE), Streptomycin (S) and Azithromycin (AZM) followed by 88.88% against Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), following 77.77% resistance against Cefotaxime (CTX), Ceftriaxone (CRO) and Ceftazidime (CAZ). In broiler meat, 100% Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to Erythromycin (ERE), Streptomycin (S) and Azithromycin (AZM) followed by 83.33% against Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT). All 21 Campylobacter isolates were multi drug resistant. 23.81% isolates were resistant to 4-6 antimicrobials and 76.19% were resistant to more than 7 tested drugs. Salmonella spp. isolates of the study area from buffalo milk showed 100% resistance against Ciprofloxacin (CIP), followed by 75% against Tetracycline (TE), Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (STX), Streptomycin and 25% against Erythromycin (ERE) and Gentamycin (CN). All 5 Salmonella isolates were multi drug resistant. 40 % isolates were resistant to 2-3 antimicrobials and 60% were resistant to more than 4-6 tested drugs. Among the 7 S. aureus isolates had ESBL producing 2 blaz gene in broiler meat, cattle meat and 1 in goat meat and Erythromycin producing 1 Erm (B) gene in broiler meat and 1 in buffalo meat. Whereas, 1 Erm (C) gene in broiler meat, 1 in buffalo meat and 1 in goat xvi | P a g e meat was identified. Tetracycline producing 3 Tet (K) gene found in broiler meat and 1 in buffalo meat. Within 47 isolates of E. coli 4 Sul1 gene(sulfonamide) gene and 1 Tet (B) (tetracycline) and 1 AAC(IV) gene were identified in goat meat and 2 Sul1, 1Tet (B) and1 AAC(IV) gene were identified in buffalo milk. Also found 3 blaCMY gene, 4 Sul1, 2Tet (B), 3AAC(IV) and 1 ERE gene in cattle meat. In layer meat, only 1Sul1 and 1Tet (B) gene found. In goat milk, 2 Sul1, 3Tet (B), 2 Tet (C) and1 AAC(IV) gene were identified in E. coli isolates. Very few Campylobacter isolates of Chattogram area was identified with antimicrobial resistant gene. 3 isolates had blaTem gene both in broiler and layer meat. 2 isolates in broiler meat had Tet (C) gene. 2 Sul1 gene (sulfonamide) and 1 Tet(A)gene was identified in Salmonella spp.isolates in buffalo milk whereas 1 blaSHV,1 blaCMY and 1 Sul1 identified in cattle meat. Conclusively, the study findings will provide ample statistical evidence to develop strategies for improvement of antimicrobial stewardship, rejuvenate the antimicrobial drug channel and to develop efficacious and sustainable alternative approaches to tackling AMR crisis both in humans and livestock
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Humans
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-06) Shalma, MST. Ummey
Extraintestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli cause serious illness and death. Every year 130-175 million cases occur globally; >80% are associated with E. coli. To investigate the prevalence of E. coli causing urinary tract infections in humans, a cross sectional study was conducted by taking 100 urine samples from 100 suspected patients visited to a local hospital at Chattogram during the period of December 2021 to April 2022. A mid-stream urine sample was collected from each of the suspected patient following standard procedures and tested for the presence of E. coli using conventional bacteriological procedures. Culture-positive E. coli isolates were confirmed by detecting a housekeeping gene adk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The E. coli isolates obtained were subsequently investigated to determine their susceptibility against a panel of 14 antimicrobials by disc diffusion method and by assessing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin using broth microdilution method. A subset of strains displaying resistance to colistin, fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins were characterized by PCR to determine the genetic determinants of resistance. The results of the study revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in UTI patients was 37% (95% Confidence Interval 28.2% - 46.8%). In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates revealed that 75.7% isolates displayed resistance to Azithromycin and 54.1% to Ampicillin while 37.8% and 29.7% to Tetracycline and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. More than 25% isolates displayed resistance to Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic Acid. About 52% of the total isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobials. The minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin in E. coli isolates ranged from ≤1 to ≥128 µg/mL, and 1 out of 2 colistin-resistant E. coli isolates harbored mcr-1 gene. All fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates contained gyrB gene while 9 isolates harbored gyrA gene. None of the isolates examined harbored parC gene. Third-generation cephalosirin-resistant isolates harbored extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)- encoding genes, namely blaTEM (37.5%) while 41.7% and 8.3% isolates harbored blaCTX-M, blaSHV genes, respectively. This study highlights the circulation of MDR E. coli in UTI patients in Chattogram region.
Antimicrobial Uses Pattern, Disease Status and Biosecurity Practices of Sonali Broiler Chicken Farms in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Abid, Dr. Md. Harisul
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sonali poultry farms in seven districts (Chattogram, Dhaka, Kushtia, Pirojpur, Chuadanga, Bogura and Barishal) of Bangladesh from May 2022 to August 2022. The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data from a survey on biosecurity practices and antimicrobial use. The questions were focused on four areas of interest: socioeconomic conditions of farmers and their families, flock composition and housing, diseases and antibiotic using frequency. Variables were recorded for assessing the association with the outcome variable. Finally, data exported to STATA-SE 13 (Stata Corp., Texas, USA) for conducting epidemiological analysis. Descriptive and summary statistics were computed on different aspects of questionnaire data. Univariate fisher’s exact test was applied to identify the potential set of factors (p≤0.2) which was then used for constructing multivariate logistic regression analysis. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied to fit the model. Results revealed that amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, sulphur drug were the three most used antimicrobials in Sonali poultry farms in Bangladesh. Whereas fluroquinine, tylosin, and metronidazole were less commonly used. Among 210 respondents only 23% had knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Most of the farm owners (77%) were unaware of the AMR issue. In various prescriber categories, private veterinary doctors held the largest representation. The poultry dealers (39.52%) also placed as a significant group of prescribing antimicrobials in poultry sector in Bangladesh. On the other hand, the position of government doctors (8.57%) was lowest compared to others. Coccidiosis was the main disease of poultry sector in the study areas. In addition, Infectious bursal disease (IBD), Mycoplasmosis, and Newcastle disease (ND) were the frequently found diseases in poultry farms. On the other hand, Fowl cholera and Salmonellosis were less commonly affected in sonali broiler chickens in the study area. The farmers who gave three vaccines (ND, IBD, Marek’s) reported lower mortality (OR= 0.24) than those who used two vaccines (ND, IBD). To limit the inappropriate use of antimicrobials and control the spread of diseases need proper steps in farm management, personal hygiene and creating awareness among the farmers community about the overuse of antibiotics.
Assessing lead in milk and environmental samples elicited from a used lead acid battery separation factory in Dinajpur district of Bang
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Dr. Syed, Hossain
Bangladesh is a developing country where rapid industrialization taking place now a days. Almost half of the industry’s lead supply is sourced from ULABs in Bangladesh that is recycled by informal small enterprises. Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant with potential public health hazards a contaminant from industrial origin. The first reported lead outbreak in livestock was happened in 2020 at Magura district. At present, this type of lead out break is being observed in print media. In the year 2021, there was a lead outbreak in Fulbari upazila of Dinajpur district. This study was done on the base on that outbreak. The aim of this research was to determine lead in cow milk and environmental samples nearby the recycling factory in that outbreak area. We have collected 22 milk samples and 9 environmental samples (3 water, 3 soil and 3 green rice leaf) and 4 old rice straw (hay) after 10months later of outbreak to measure the lead concentration. The mean concentration of lead in milk was found 1.24±0.65 with a minimum of 0.32 ppb and a maximum of 2.57 ppb after 10 months later of the outbreak. The lead content in the green rice leaves was 9.65 ppb, 4.01 ppb, and 5.72 ppb at the distance of 10m, 100m and 500m, respectively. Whereas the lead content in the soil was 32.85 ppb 10m, 28.56 ppb 100m, and 31.13 ppb 500m, and the lead content in the water was 5.35 ppb 10m, 4.87 ppb 100m, and 6.21 ppb 500m 10 months later. It’s a matter of concern that all the milk samples tested positive for the lead however did not accede the maximum level. Although lead is present in various components of the environment, it is not above the tolerable level. Building awareness at farmers’ level is essential about lead poisoning and further study is needed to identify the presence of lead in food chain both in human and animal to avoid public health hazard by one health approa
Assessing TB infection control and preventive measures in TB patients in Chattogram metropolitan area
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-08) Leela, Farzana Rabiul
Treatment failure is a serious problem faced by many national tuberculosis control programmes. A total of 534 patients were enrolled in this study after meeting inclusion criteria. After obtaining consent, they were interviewed for history of contact exposure via phone interviews. The outcomes were recorded and analyzed using STATA-13. There were 332 (62.2%) male and 202 (37.8%) females. Majority of the study subjects were adults (95.8%) and belonged to lower socioeconomic class (93.6%). Most of them were married (92.1%) and lived in nuclear families (95.1%). In case of type of dwelling, more than half of the respondents (56.7%) lived in slums. Ten patients (1.87%) were found to have treatment failure with equal proportions in both male and female (50%). In case of type of dwelling, most cases of treatment failure lived in isolated houses (40%) and most cases belonged to nuclear families (90%). All cases of treatment failure were adults and were married (100%). Most of them belonged to lower class (90%). Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor among the study subjects and was present in 243 (45.5%) study subjects. Other common risk factors were previous history of anti-TB treatment (15.7%), comorbidities like diabetes (14.8%), malnourishment (13.3%), immunosuppressive therapy (12.7%), contact with domestic animals (6.7%), consumption of raw milk (5.6%), and history of contact with infected people (4.5%). As for total duration of treatment, 531 (99.4%) patients had taken treatment for 6 months. Only three (0.56%) patients received treatment for a short duration of 2 months due to adverse drug reactions. During treatment, 17 (3.2%) patients skipped medications in between while 517 (96.8%) did not. A significant association was found between shorter duration of treatment (p<0.001) and history of skipping medications during treatment (p=0.037) against treatment outcome. On observing odds ratio, the odds of getting cured were higher (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 0.28 - 28.36) among patients who were being re-treated for the disease after treatment failure. In order to control the spread of PTB in Bangladesh, interventions such as strengthening diagnosis of pulmonary TB further, implementing targeted communication programs and active case finding to reduce patient level delays, expanding public-private mix to increase access to TB services
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 vaccine in human: Bangladesh perspective
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2021-09) Bhowmick, Jayita
COVID-19 disease is caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2. Since it’s emergence, it had a devastating effect on the entire world claiming so many lives so far. Although preventive measures implemented, disease spread could not be stopped. Hence vaccinating against the virus seems to be a valuable option to prevent the disease or at least reduce the intensity of disease spread. Since vaccines developed in pandemic situations lack adequate trials on different populations owing to time constraints, the post vaccination adverse effects are still not well understood. COVISHIELD was the first vaccine administered in Bangladesh. Since not much is known about the side effects this vaccine can have on the general population of Bangladesh, this study has been undertaken to identify the various adverse effects of COVISHIELD in our population as well as to see what risk factors are associated with the development of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February to April 2021 in Bangladesh. A questionnaire was developed and distributed through various platforms on social media. All people who had taken at least one dose of COVISHIELD vaccine in Bangladesh were requested to fill out the questionnaire. A total of 400 samples were included in this cases study. More than half the respondents were between 30-50 years age group (58%), belongs to higher socioeconomic class (50.5%), and were employees at private firms (51.75%). Significant risk factors associated with development of COVID-19 prior to vaccination were gender (p=0.013), age (p<0.001), Socioeconomic status (p=0.001), occupation (p<0.01) and comorbidities like diabetes (p<0.01) and hypertension (p<0.01). The most common symptom following vaccination was pain at the injection site (n=275) followed by myalgia (n= 153), lethargy (n= 131), arthralgia (n=119), and fever (n=95). Sickness following vaccination lasted for less than a week for majority of respondents. Following vaccination 23 respondents tested positive for COVID-19 with a peak of incidences on the 8th day post vaccination. Despite the various adverse effects, vaccination against COVID_19 is strongly recommended since acquiring the disease is far more detrimental.
ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRICAL INJURY ON SURVIVORS IN CMCH
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Liton Kumar Palit, Liton Kumar Palit
Electrical burn and sequels of electrical burn is a common phenomenon in our society. Electrical trauma can be caused by low-voltage current (less than 1000 V), high-voltage current (more than 1000 V), lightning and voltaic arc. Worldwide It causes serious injuries to a significant number of individuals every year with mortality rate of 20- 30%,while as many as 74% of survivors experience permanent injury and consequence. Very few studies on electric burn injury and its sequels have been reported so far in Bangladesh. During this study we attempted to explore the occurrence of electric burn injury in different demographic areas and post burn sequels among patients suffering from electrical burn in a tertiary level hospital. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study that among 200 patients who were unfortunate victim of electrical accidental burn and were admitted in the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. Data of the patients admitted during November 2021 to July 2022 were included for study. Among 200 cases, demographic data revealed that more males (89%) were affected than the females(11%).Highest no of victims was less than 40 years(90%). According to profession Students(28.5%), service holders(40%) and electrical service providers(15.5%) were the most vulnerable groups. Literacy of the large number(37%) of injured person was below secondary level and apparently most of the affected population(76.5%)was from rural areas. A high 70% patient had epidermal burn and maximum had areas of involvement of the body .We recorded that 32% patients were suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Among the survivors, 6% were not able to do their daily activities after the injury. To conclude, post electrical burn sequels are need proper attention and care needs to be taken to avoid further complications. Use of good quality electric wires, home appliances, enforcement of safety rules in the home and workplace and up gradation of the health facilities are required to decrease the threat of severe electrical injuries
Association between biochemical markers and adverse outcome of COVID-19 patients without comorbidity
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Goswami, Aditi
OVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Cases vary from asymptomatic carriers to severe cases leading to death of the patient. Studies have reported changes in biochemical parameters among patients afflicted with COVID-19. Hence, it is essential to find out which biochemical parameters are associated with disease severity so that earlier interventions can help prevent inevitable death. The aim of this study was to identify biochemical parameters among survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. This was a cross sectional study conducted at four non-government hospitals between January 2021 and December 2021. A total of 103 RT PCR positive COVID 19 patient’s data were collected from the admission record sheet of the hospitals. The most common age group was 55 to 64 years age group (n= 29; 28.15%) and there were 86.41% males and 11.59% females. A significant association (p=0.001) was found between elderly age and mortality of patients. The most common symptoms were fever (100%), cough (94.2%), headache (62.1%), dyspnea (55.3%), anosmia (47.6%) and diarrhea (11.7%). A significant association was found between the symptom dyspnea and patient mortality (p= 0.001). On comparing hematological profile of survivors and non survivors no significant difference has been observed among the parameters for Hemoglobin, ESR, and total WBC Count, Differential Count of Neutrophil and Lymphocyte, and Platelet Count. As for biochemical parameters, CRP (p=0.012), D dimer (p=0.000), Serum Ferritin (p=0.000), SGOT (p=0.021), NT Pro BNP (p=0.000) and High Sensitive Troponin I (p=0.004), PT (p=0.010) were significantly raised among the patients who expired. Additionally, Serum Sodium (P= 0.001) and Serum Potassium (P=0.004) were significantly reduced among the patients who expired. Rest of the parameters have shown no significant difference in relation to outcome. The overall mortality was 18.45% in our study. Among many factors significantly affecting the outcome of COVID 19 patients, multiple regression studies shows that NT Pro BNP was significantly associated [-0.486(-0.001∼0.000);p=0.026] with disease outcome after controlling the factors such as CRP, D dimer, SGOT, High sensitive Troponin I, Na+, K+. If we eliminate NT Pro BNP then High Sensitive Troponin I becomes the most significant factor [-0.382; (-0.003∼0.000); p=0.009] effecting disease outcome. In summary, we can say that the cause of death is associated with raised NT Pro BNP Page | ix owing to heart failure or fluid overload. More over the second most significant factor is High sensitive Troponin I which may rise due to Myocardial Infarction or Viral myocarditis and thus aggravating the heart failure which is evident by the rise in NT Pro BNP levels. It also shows that dyspnea to be the most significant symptom associated with adverse disease outcome. Hence these biochemical markers are recommended for use by clinicians to segregate cases as severe or non-severe
CHANGES IN BEHAVIOUR, SOCIALIZATION, AND COMMUNICATION AFTER APPLYING EARLY INTERVENTION THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AT CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF CHATTOGRAM MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2021-12) Hafiz, Promugdha
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are becoming a global problem, as they are frequently reported among non-communicable diseases. The main problems of this disease are a lack of socialization, communication skills, and behavioral abnormalities. Starting the therapy at an early age can lead to better results within a short time. Determining the correct age for children for giving therapy would represent a valuable step to enhancing better functioning for children with autism. In this work, we have compared the effectiveness of early intervention therapy within different age groups of children and shown the benefit of early intervention therapy. Screening of ASD was carried out by psychological tools like M-Chat, how and why communication assessment checklist, Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, and neurodevelopmental assessment form. This observational study was conducted between January 2020 to December 2020 in Chittagong Medical College Hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed by a team consisting of child health physicians, child psychologists, and developmental therapists with the help of M-Chat, neurodevelopmental assessment, how and why communication checklist, and Bayley’s scales of infant and toddler development. The intervention was provided on a 1:1 basis which was adapted from various evidence-based practices including the ‘More Than Words. Interventions were given for six subsequent sessions in the two months interval. Levels of communication were measured after intervention and compared with two age groups of children. In this study, a total of 150 samples were taken from two different age groups of 1 year 6 months to below 3 years (75 samples) and above 3 to 5 years (75 samples). Among the young age group of children, 90.70 % were male and only 9.30 % were female. On the other hand, 84 % of children in the elderly age group were male and 16 % were female. Our study summarizes the results of improvements in children having autism disorder after completing the early interventional therapy for younger and older age groups. After completing early intervention therapy, the younger age group showed a remarkable improvement where there were no children in their own agenda stage. Moreover, 46.70 % child were in the early communication stage, 41.00 % were in the requester stage and 12.00% were in the partner stage. On the other hand, almost half (49.30 %) of the older age group children were in their own agenda stage. In this age group, only 9.30% of children were in the ix early communicator stage, 37.30 % were in the requester stage and 4.00 % were in the partner stage. The age of children starting the early interventional therapy has a significant effect (P<0.001) on the early improvements of ASD. These results suggested that significant improvements had been observed in the overall level of communication, socialization, and behavior in the young age group of children. Hence, to facilitate the early diagnosis of children with ASD an awareness program should be implemented targeting the parents and speed up the development of children by confirming early interventional therapy
CLINICAL PROFILE AND PATTERN OF INFECTION AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A DIABETIC HOSPITAL, CHATTOGRAM
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Sen, Suchana
Diabetes and prediabetes affect a substantial proportion of Bangladeshi people. To date, the economic burden and resource allocation for common diabetic complications like infection is not well defined in Bangladesh. Given the increasing prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh, there is a need to quantify the frequency in which diabetics seek care for infection and evaluate the associated clinical profile. This study aimed to investigate the clinical profile and pattern of infection among diabetic patients who attended a diabetic hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh. This descriptive cross-sectional study included conveniently selected 206 known diabetic patients from the outpatient and inpatient Department of Diabetic Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh from May 2022 to 31st October 2022. Data regarding sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical features, biochemical parameters, and infections were collected using a structured case record form. Infections were identified by clinical examination and reviewing the medical records. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the results. The sociodemographic features considered in this study were age, sex, education, monthly income and marital status which was 50.0±10.1 years, 53.9% were men, 34% completed SSC and most of the participants (86.4%) were married. 51.5% of the patients had a monthly income ≥ 30000 Taka. Diabetic patients with low level of education ‘P’value(0.002) and lower monthly income ‘P’ value(0.028) had more infection than those who had education above SSC and monthly income more than 30000Tk. Glycemic status was poor for 34.5%(7.4±3.9), 56.3%(9.8±2.7) and 46.6%(7.9±2.2) of the patients based on FBS, BS2hrsABF and HbA1c levels, respectively. Most of the patients, had eye complications (70.4%), followed by chronic kidney disease (20.4%), cardiovascular diseases (10.7%), neurological problems (2.9%). Fifty-seven (27.7%) patients had documented infection or evidence of infection on examination. The most common of them were UTI (33.3%), followed by pneumonia (24.6%), skin and soft tissue infections (14%), diabetic foot infection (8.8%). Other less frequently observed infections were fungal infections, tuberculosis, eye, ear, and bone infections. Significantly, higher proportion of patients with infections had poor glycemic status compared to the diabetic patients without infections (2HABF 73.7% versus 49.7%, HbA1c 61.4% versus 40.9%, P<0.05. One in four diabetes patients had evidence of infection, most commonly involving urinary and respiratory tracts. The results of this study can increase awareness of common infections associated with DM in a specialized hospital in Bangladesh.
Clinico-epidemiological variables affecting outcomes of ICU admitted Covid-19 patients in Chattogram
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-06) Das, Milton
x Abstract The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which originated from Wuhan, China, has been identified to be caused by the novel beta coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its emergence, it had a devastating effect on the entire world claiming so many lives so far. Observational studies across the world have shown huge disparity in the clinico epidemiological and laboratory features of this disease. In this study we attempt to assess the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters affecting the outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients admitted to ICU in Chattogram. This cross-sectional study was performed retrospectively from 1 st April, 2021 to 31st October, 2021 on 276 COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units of 6 hospitals in Chattogram. Data were obtained from medical records. Most of the patients were male (58.33%) and came from urban area (83.7%) while the highest proportion (28.62%) belonged to the age group of 41-54 years. Diabetes mellitus (145; 52.54%) and hypertension (143; 51.81%) were the most common co-morbidities noted. Among all symptoms dyspnea (92.75%), fever (90.94%), and cough (78.26%) were the most dominating followed by fatigue (55.8%), myalgia (39.86%) and malaise (38.77%). Only 57 of the total patients gave the history of taking Covid-19 vaccine either 1st (6.88%) or both 1st and 2nd doses (13.77%), while around four-fifths of the (79.35%) patients had no history of vaccination. Almost all the variables showed a significant violation of normality assumption except haemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine and serum electrolytes. Serum concentrations of CRP, ferritin, PCT and IL-6 were markedly high among the patients, with a maximum value of 282 (mg/L), 5200 (µg/L), 111 (ng/mL) and 5003 (pg/mL) respectively. The mean values were CRP 54.5 ± 58.87, Ferritin 1073.99 ± 1090.13, PCT 2.71 ± 12.21, IL-6 239.29 ± 845.81. Disease severity was associated with the rising age, male gender with co-morbidities like IHD, cancer and diabetes. The findings suggest that, early identification of elevated inflammatory markers, especially CRP, ferritin and LDH, blood parameters especially lymphocytopenia with neutrophilia, other important parameters like ALT, AST, creatinine, K+ would help in providing effective care so that the mortality can be reduced. It is also evident from this study that, vaccines help immensely in minimizing deaths and complications secondary to COVID-19 infection
Comparison of Triglyceride-Glucose Index with HbA1c and HOMA-IR as a risk marker for prediabetes and insulin resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Chittagong
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2022-12) Chowdhury, Sumon Rahman
Prediabetes is a state of intermittent hyperglycaemia which has the potential to the future development of Diabetes Mellitus and cause micro as well macrovascular complications. Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index is a cheaper alternative to the more expensive Homeostasis Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) essays are quick, reliable and easily reproducible in everyday clinical settings. The aim of this study is to find whether TyG index is comparable to HOMA IR for insulin resistance and to HbA1c as a reliable screening tool for prediabetes. A descriptive type of observational case-control study was conducted among 100 prediabetes individuals and matched with 100 of their corresponding age and sex equivalent normoglycaemic controls in the outpatient department of Chittagong Diabetic General Hospital between October 2021 till end of September 2022. Anthropometric Measurements and Laboratory parameters like Fasting Plasma Glucose, Fasting Serum Insulin and Triglycerides, HOMA-IR, HbA1c were measured, and comparative analysis were done between Tyg Index and HbA1c and HOMA-IR with Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves and Pearson correlation analysis respectively. The Area under the curve (AUC) demonstrated a higher ROC AUC score for HbA1c (0.923) as compared to the TyG Index (0.874) for diagnosing prediabetes but the differences were not statistically significant with a p-value of 0.062 which demonstrates that TyG Index is comparable to HbA1c. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the various anthropometric measurements related to insulin resistance with TyG Index and HOMA-IR demonstrates a highly significant difference in weight (0.186 vs 01.54) in favor of TyG Index with a p-value of <0.01 and a significant difference in Body Mass Index (0.421 vs 0.372), Waist Circumference (0.286 vs 0.253) and Waist to height Ratio (0.392 vs 0.333) in favor of TyG index which stipulates that TyG is comparable and in fact a better indicator of insulin resistance and thereby metabolic dysfunction as opposed to HOMA-IR with a p-value of <0.05. TyG index is a reliable surrogate marker for IR and is also comparable to HbA1c for monitoring glycaemic status and predicting/identifying prediabetes as well. Hence, it can be used as an alternative screening tool for the better management of high-risk individuals prone to develop prediabetes