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ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN MAIZE FIELDS AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON MAIZE VARIETIES
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2019-12) JIMALE, MOHAMED FARAH; Professor Dr. Md. Abdul Alim
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a newly introduced destructive pest of maize in Bangladesh which causes substantial yield loss to different maize cultivars. Experiments were conducted to study the abundance of insects in the maize fields and development of fall armyworm, S. frugiperda on three maize varieties BISCO51, KOHINOOR1820 and M. GOLD. The study was carried out in three different locations of Dinajpur district such as Noshipur, Sadipur and Karnai. Study revealed that maize aphids Rhopalosiphum maidis (Aphididae: Hemiptera) were most abundant in three different locations. Fall armyworm S. frugiperda, maize earworm Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), maize stem borer C. partellus (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) and black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) were also found in the studied fields during March to May. Ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) and lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) were found as natural enemies. Development of S. frugiperda showed no significant differences while fed on three maize cultivars. The highest longevity of adult female was 39.0 days on the cultivar BISCO 51 while shortest 36.5 days on M. GOLD. The daily fecundity showed significant differences among the three maize cultivars. The maximum number (63.78) of eggs was laid on BISCO 51, while minimum (32.9) oviposited on M. GOLD. The sex ratio (proportion of male) was found maximum on BISCO51 (0.56) while minimum in M. GOLD (0.45). The net reproductive rate (Ro = 195.85), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm =0.185), finite rate of increase (λ= 1.3) were maximum in BISCO51 Population doubling time (T= 29.42) were maximum in KOHINOOR1820 but minimum in M. GOLD. Therefore, maize aphid (1489), fall armyworm (265), maize stem borer (167) maize earworm (156), and black cutworm (66), were observed as major maize pest. Fall armyworm can develop faster in M. GOLD cultivar than KOHINOOR1820 and BISCO51while in terms of reproductive phase and fecundity.
Abundance of pest, predator and pollinator in cotton field and their impact on yield and seed quality
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2009-08) Azad, H. M. Syfullah; Dr Md. Ruhul Amin
This study was undertaken with three cotton varieties viz. CB9, CB10 and SRO5 to explore the abundance of pest, predator and pollinators in the field and their impact on yield and seed quality. Results showed that 16 species of insect and one species of mite were abundant in threshold based insecticide sprayed field. The incidence of sucking pests such as jassid, aphid, white fly and thrips on different varieties were statistically different in insecticide free condition, however in threshold sprayed condition only the white fly showed significant difference. The chewing pests (american bollworm, spotted bollworm, pink bollworm) incidence were statistically similar on different cotton varieties both in threshold sprayed and no-sprayed condition. But armyworm incidence was found significantly different in no-sprayed condition. Data of the predator visitors associated with cotton plants indicated that 29 species of insects in 9 orders and 19 families were abundant during the season. One predatory mite species and one spider species were also abundant. The incidence of predators such as lady beetle, syrphids, lace wing and spider on different varieties were statistically different in insecticide free condition and in threshold sprayed condition only the lady beetle showed statistically similar incidence. The pollinator visitors on different cotton varieties constituted of 12 species of which 5 species in two families of Hymenoptera, 5 species in two families of Lepidoptera and 2 species in two families of Diptera. The major pollinator honeybee and bumblebee incidence were statistically similar on the studied cotton varieties both in threshold sprayed and non-sprayed condition. The findings of the present study demonstrated that abundance of pest, predator and pollinators significantly influenced on the production of boll / plant, yield / ha, number of seeds / boll and seed index. Boll production of different varieties under enclosed, threshold sprayed and non-sprayed condition varied from 39.4 + 11.3 to 44.2 + 8.3, 32.2 + 7.6 to 40.1 +8.8 and 8.2 + 3.5 to 12.6 +3.1 / plant, respectively. The production of yield (seed cotton) under these conditions ranged from 2350.0 + 17.3 to 2751.7 + 23.6, 2173.3 + 15.3 to 2498.3 + 18.9 and 618.3 + 12.6 to 792.3 + 8.7 kg / ha, respectively. Among the cotton varieties CB9 produced the highest number (36.2 + 6.9) of seeds / boll and the variety CB10 produced the lowest (30.2 + 5.1) number in non-sprayed condition. The variety CB9 and CB10 resulted the highest (83.5 g) and lowest (75.0 g) seed index when these varieties were cultivated under enclosed and threshold sprayed condition, respectively. The study showed that the abundance of pest, predator and pollinators did not affect significantly the ginning out tern (GOT%) and germination rates of cotton seeds.
ACARICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF ALOE VERA L. LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) BASUNIA, RUMANA AKHTER; Professor Dr. Md. Nizam Uddin
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a very serious pest worldwide, causing considerable damage to vegetables, flower and fruit crops. The acaricidal, ovicidal and repellent activity of Aloe vera L. (Asphodelaceae) leaf extracts using four solvents were evaluated against T. urticae under laboratory conditions. The A. vera leaf extracts were tested against T. urticae at 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0% concentrations. The results showed that all the extracts had toxic and repellent effects on two-spotted spider mite. Mortality percentage was gradually increased with the increase of doses. The acetone extract showed the highest mortality (95%) of adult females followed by ethanol (83%) at 2% concentration. The LC50 values of acetone, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether extract for adult females were 0.446, 0.667, 0.953 and 1.279, respectively and for eggs were 0.950, 1.406, 2.115 and 3.312, respectively. Ethanol extract was found more effective as repellent against adult females of T. urticae followed by acetone, methanol and petroleum ether causing reduction in egg production per female by 96, 94, 85 and 83%, respectively. In residual test, the acetone extract showed the highest mortality (49%) at 1 hour after treatment followed by ethanol (43%), methanol (29%) and petroleum ether (25%). The percent of mortality decreased after 48 and 72 hours after treatments. The results suggested that A. vera has a great potentiality to develop as a botanical acaricide for T. urticae control.
ACARICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI L. FRUIT EXTRACTS AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2019-12) SMRITE, SABIHA SULTHANA; Prof. Dr. Md. Nizam Uddin
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important polyphagous pest that infests many plant species world-wide. The acaricidal, ovicidal and repellent activity of different extracts of Syzygium cumini L. fruits were evaluated against T. urticae under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur. The S. cumini fruit extracts were tested at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% concentration. All the extracts had direct toxic and repellent effects on T. urticae. Mortality percentage was gradually increased with the increase of doses. The methanol extract showed the highest mortality (96.87%) of adult females followed by ethanol (91.66%) at 3% concentration. The LC50 values of methanol, ethanol, acetone and water extracts for adult females were 0.202, 0.281, 0.375 and 1.694, respectively and for eggs were 0.233, 0.255, 0.290 and 2.516, respectively. In the repellency test, all extracts showed repellency effects and significantly decreased the number of eggs on treated bean leaves. The methanol extract was found more effective as repellent against adult females of T. urticae followed by ethanol, acetone and water extracts ether causing reduction in egg production per female by 96.73, 94.03, 92.50 and 85.0%, respectively. In persistence test, extract of methanol showed highest mortality (41.66%) at 1 hour after treatment followed by ethanol (38.33%), acetone (35.00%) and water (28.33%). The lethal concentration effects of the extracts fade within two or three days. The result suggested that extracts of S. cumini has acaricidal activity against T. urticae, and the methanol and ethanol extracts are the most efficient.
ACARICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF THREE ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) Sanjita; Uddin, Prof. Dr. Md. Nizam; Bhuyain, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mosharof Hossain
The contact toxicity and repellent effects of three essential plant oils viz., Swietenia macrophylla (Mahogany), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Eucalyptus) were evaluated against female adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. The selected essential oils were tested at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3% concentration. Mahogany oil (S. macrophylla) was the most toxic essential oil to T. urticae females and eggs, while eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) was the least toxic one (LC50 = 0.887 and 2.146% for adults and 1.230 and 6.980 for eggs), respectively. Leaf discs treated with increasing concentrations of S. macrophylla and E. camaldulensis oils showed a high percentage of repellency (92-100%), respectively. The oviposition deterrent indexes (ODI) of eucalyptus and mahogany oils were ranged (24-100) for T. urticae at a concentration (0.5-3.0%), while this value was between (7-60) in the case of neem oil at the same above concentration. In the persistence test, the mites were exposed to 1, 24, 48 and 72 h old residue and it was found that the lethal concentration effects of the plant oils fade within two or three days. The results suggest that oils of mahogany, neem and eucalyptus can potentially be used to manage T. urticae.
AEROBIC CO-COMPOSTING OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-06) MAMUN, ABDULLAH AL; Professor Dr. Abu Khayer Md. Muktadirul Bari Chowdhury
A pilot scale experiment was carried out to minimize the problems of municipal waste (such as urban kitchen wastes-KW, tea waste-TW, eggshell-ES) and agroindustrial waste (such as poultry litter-PL, rice husk-RH, and saw dust-SD). Six square shaped bins with dimensions 0.95 m long 0.93 m wide and 0.83 m height (total volume of 0.733 m3 ) were used. The study was carried out in the research field of the Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology Dinajpur, Bangladesh. To observe the composting process and assess the compost quality, some physicochemical parameters (temperature, moisture content, electrical conductivity, organic matter, volatile solids, total solid, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium etc.) were measured at different phases of composting. The duration of composting period was 80-85 days. Physicochemical characteristics of the final product were Carbon and Nitrogen ratio:15.37-18.66%, Germination index: 110.89-137.77%, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen: 1.38-1.43%, Organic Matter: 37.92-44.426%, Total Organic Carbon: 21.99-25.76%, Electrical Conductivity: 2713-3788 ppm and pH: 7.96-9.09). Municipal wastes were used in higher ratios (KW: RH: TW: PL: ES: SD=50:10:10:10:10:10) produce good quality compost. Moisture also played an important role in temperature evolution during composting. Based on experimental results, the problem of agro-industrial and municipal waste could be minimized by aerobic composting and it can be used in crop production. Nevertheless, composting duration and co-composting materials and their ratios are crucial factors that determine the quality of the final product. A full-scale compost unit could be designed based on the experimental results. Therefore, an urban area consisting of 500-600 families requires about 10-12 m 2 area to compost the entire annual kitchen wastes production.
AGE-STAGE, TWO-SEX LIFE TABLE OF Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) REARED ON FIVE COTTON VARIETIES
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2023-12) HELAL, MD. ASIF; Uddin, Professor Dr. Md. Nizam; Bhuyain, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mosharof Hossain
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important cotton pest in Bangladesh and other cotton growing countries. The effect of five varieties of cotton (CB-12, CB-14, CB-15, HC-1 and M-1) on the life history and demographic parameter of T. urticae studied at 25 ± 2°C temperature, 50-70% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The life history parameters were estimated using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The shortest female development time was (15.00 days) on the M-1 variety and the longest (16.17 days) on the CB-15 variety. The T. urticae fecundity ranged from 24.66 to 16.87 eggs/ female, with the CB-15 variety having the highest and the HC-1variety having the lowest values. The shortest female longevity was observed on the CB-12 variety (26.55 days) and the longest on the CB-15 variety (32.24 days). The net reproductive rate (R0) varied from 12.16 on HC-1 to 18.33 eggs per individual on the CB-15 variety. The finite rate of increase (λ) was highest on the M-1 variety (1.1362 days) and lowest on the HC-1 variety (1.1146 days). The lowest (0.1085 day) value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was on the HC-1 variety and the highest was on the M-1 variety (0.1277 days). The mean generation time (T) was lowest (22.05 days) on the M-1 variety and highest (26.05 days) on the CB-14 variety. This finding indicates that the HC-1 variety is a less suitable variety for T. urticae than the other tested varieties. Therefore, this study provides new information for developing a comprehensive integrated pest management plan for T. urticae on cotton
AGRONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIOUS COLOR PERICARP OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2015-12) HABIB, MD. AHASAN; Dr. Md. Mominur Rahman
Colored rice is characterized by pigmented pericarps with high level of photochemical properties. In this study four colored rice varieties were used as planting materials to investigate the color developmental stages in the seed pericarp and its possible effect on different physiological and agronomic traits of colored rice in contrast with white rice. The phytochemicals are chlorophyll, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin, which present only in the pericarp of green, red and black rice; respectively. At the seed developmental stage, green pericarp rice maintained green color in pericarp even after physiological maturity stage because the chlorophyll was faded away slowly. But red and black rice showed increasing color pigments deposition with simultaneous reduction of chlorophyll in the seed pericarp that indicates reducing photosynthetic rate, leading to low agronomic traits of colored rice. Most of the important agronomic traits value including plant height, tillering ability, spikelet fertility were lower in colored rice compared to white rice. Colored rice had lower value including 1000 seed weights, seed length and seed width that are related to total yield of colored rice in comparison to white rice. These findings clearly indicate that the lower agronomic traits of color pericarp rice in compare with white pericarp rice that might be due to the deposition of pigments in the pericarp. These findings suggest that the low yield of colored rice is closely related to physiological traits other than the agronomic traits.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis ON SEED GERMINATION, GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTER OF MUNGBEAN
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) SELIM, MD. SHAHADOT HOSSAN; Dr. Md. Mominur Rahman
Three pot experiments were carried out at Agronomy laboratory and research field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during February 2017 to May 2017 to find out the response of mungbean variety on Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract. For screening four mungbean variety (BARI Mung 3, BARI Mung 4, BARI Mung 5 and BARI Mung 6) were tested with five allelopathic levels (0, 5,10,15 and 20% concentration) for 8 DAS in sand culture in plastic pot and another five allelopathic levels (0, 5,10,15 and 20 % concentration) were test for 30 DAS in small plastic pot. The rate of germination of all mungbean variety was delayed and percentage was reduced with increasing level of eucalyptus leaf extract compared to control.BARI Mung 5 showed better performances in terms shoot and root growth (fresh and dry weights), lower reduction of germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI) and vigor index (VI). On the other hand BARI Mung 3 suppresed greatly in terms of fresh and dry weight, higher reduction of shoot and root lengths by the eucalyptus leaf extract. Shoot growth was more affected than root. Results on germination and seedling growth indicate that BARI Mung 5 was more tolerant and BARI Mung 3 was more sensitive variety. For determining yield and yield attributing characters of four Mungbean variety (BARI Mung 3, BARI Mung 4, BARI Mung 5 and BARI Mung 6), another experiments were carried out at Agronomy Research field, HSTU, Dinajpur during March 2017 to May 2017. Most of the growth and physiological characteristics viz., plant height, branches plant-1 , fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem, root and yield, yield attributing characters (number of pods plant-1 , pod length, number of seeds pod-1 , 1000seed weight, yield plant-1 ) performed better at control condition and showed the lowest performance in respect of all the treatment (5, 10, 15 and 20 % eucalyptus leaf extract) condition. Therefore, BARI Mung 5 performed better with eucalyptus leaf extract than the other variety (BARI Mung 3, BARI Mung 4 and BARI Mung 6).
ALLELOPATHY AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME JUTE-WHEAT CROP FIELD WEEDS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2006-06) ALAM, MD. RABIUL; Dr. Balaram Roy
The allelopathic effect of three important weeds viz. Mutha (Cyperus rotundus), Chapra (Eleusine indica) and Khude Anguli (Digitaria ischaemum) on germination, growth and development of Jute (Chorcorus capsularis) seedlings were studied. Three important weeds viz. Bathua (Chenopodium album), Bisli ghas (Striga densiflora), Shetodrone (Leucus aspera), extracts were studied on germination, growth and development of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings in laboratory with the attempt for chemical investigation. The boiled and unboiled extracts were prepared from whole plant of all the six weed species along with water as control. Bioled and unboiled exracts of all the weed species under test significantly reduced and delayed the germination of Jute and Wheat seeds in compared with control. The highest germination (85.3% and 96%) and maximum growth of Jute and Wheat were observed in seeds with control, respectively. But the effect of boiled and unboiled extracts of Bathua (Chenopodium album) and Khude Anguli (Digitraia ischemum) showed the lowest germination in Wheat and Jute seed respectively. The root and shoot length of Jute and Wheat were also decreased in presence of the weed extracts. The maximum root and shoot length were 2.54 cm and 2.31 cm in jute seedlings under control and incase of Wheat seed 9.42 cm and 6.08 cm root and shoot length, respectively But the lowest root length with boiled and unbolied extracts were 0.47 cm and 0.76 cm and the lowest shoot length were 0.98 cm with boiled extracts observed in seedlings of Jute.The lowest root plus shoot length (0 cm)of Wheat were recorded with unboiled extracts of Bathua. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of crude extracts of Khude Anguli showed four separate components at hexane:ethylacetate (20:1, v/v) and the crude extracts of Bathua showed three separate components at hexane:ethylacetate (10:1, v/v). The Ry value of detected component were 0.769, 0.596, 0.327, and 0.192 cm in Khude Anguli and 0.740, 0.203, and 0.074 cm in Bathua respectively. It appears that Khude anguli and Bathua were very harmful for the germination, growth and development of Jute and Wheat crop respectively.
ALLEVIATION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS IN WHEAT USING HUMIC ACID
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2023-12) ROY, JOYDEB KUMAR; Pramanik, Subrota Kumer; Chowdhury, Professor Dr. Abu Khayer Md. Muktadirul Bari; Hafiz, Professor Dr. Md. Hafizur Rahman
A pot experiment was conducted at the research Shade house of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during the period of November 2022 to March 2023 to investigate the ameliorative effect of exogenous application of humic acid on wheat under salt stress. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Four growing conditions viz. control (0 dS m-1), NaCl induced salt stress (8 dS m-1), soil application of humic acid @ 0.0733 g kg-1 soil under NaCl induced salt stress and foliar application of humic acid at @ 200 ppm under NaCl induced salt stress and two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. CV. BWMRI Gom 2 and BWMRI Gom 3) were assigned as experimental treatments. Salt stress significantly reduced different morphological traits (leaves plant-1, flag leaf length and flag leaf breadth), physiological traits (relative leaf water content and SPAD value), biochemical traits (flag leaf chlorophyll content and flag leaf proline content) and yield traits (tillers plant-1, plant height, spikes plant-1, spike length, individual spike weight, grains spike-1, 100 grains weight, grain yield plant-1 and above ground biological yield plant-1) except proline content of flag leaf of wheat. Exogenous application of humic acid improved these traits at different degrees under salt stress. Foliar application of humic acid was found to be more effective to alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat as compared to soil application of humic acid. Soil application of humic acid improved grain yield by 25.49% and 3.70% and biological yield by 7.48% and 3.91% in BWMRI Gom 2 and BWMRI Gom 3, respectively, under salt stress condition. Foliar application of humic acid improved grain yield by 28.29% and 16.40% and biological yield by 8.63% and 14.47% in BWMRI Gom 2 and BWMRI Gom 3, respectively under salt stress condition. Therefore, exogenous application of humic acid can be effective to alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat and foliar application of humic acid performed better than the soil application of humic acid.
ALLEVIATION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT STRESS ON WHEAT USING HUMIC ACID
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2023-12) Roy, Dristy; Pramanik, Subrota Kumer; Bahadur, Professor Dr. Md. Maniruzzaman
To investigate the ameliorative effect of exogenous application of humic acid on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit stress a pot experiment was conducted at the research shade house and laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during the period of November, 2022 to March, 2023. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Four growing conditions viz. well water (65% field capacity), water deficit stress (35% field capacity), soil application of humic acid (@ 0.044 g kg-1 soil) under water deficit stress and foliar application of humic acid (@ 200 ppm) under water deficit stress and two wheat varieties (BWMRI Gom 1 and BWMRI Gom 3) were assigned as experimental treatments. Water deficit stress significantly reduced different morphological traits (leaves plant-1, flag leaf length and flag leaf breadth) physiological traits ( relative leaf water content, SPAD value and leaf temperature), biochemical traits ( flag leaf chlorophyll content and flag leaf proline content) and yield traits ( plant height, spikes plant-1, spike length, individual spike weight, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, 100 grains weight, grain yield plant-1 and above ground biological yield plant-1) final yield of wheat except proline content of flag leaf of wheat. Exogenous application of humic acid improved these traits at different degrees under water deficit stress. Foliar application of humic acid was found to be more effective to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit stress on wheat as compared to soil application of humic acid. Soil application of humic acid improved grain yield by 9.13% and 13.86% and biological yield by 9.94% and 5.19% in BWMRI Gom 1 and BWMRI Gom 3, respectively, under water deficit stress condition. Foliar application of humic acid improved grain yield by 24.76% and 25.19% and biological yield by 19.23% and 6.50% in BWMRI Gom 1 and BWMRI Gom 3, respectively under water deficit stress condition. Therefore, it may be concluded that exogenous application of humic acid could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat and foliar application of humic acid performed better than the soil application of humic acid.
ALLEVIATION OF SALT STRESS THROUGH TEA COMPOST ON MUNGBEAN
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) UDDIN, MD. GIAS; Professor Dr. Md. Maniruzzaman Bahadur; Professor Dr. Md. Sohidul Islam
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur from March to June 2017 to find out the optimum level of salt stress for growing BARI Mung-8 and to know the ameliorative effect of tea compost in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) crop under saline conditions. The experiment comprised four levels of tea compost viz. T0 (0 g), T1 (10%=400 g), T2 (20%=800 g) and T3 (30%=1200 g) tea compost pot-1 and three levels of saline viz. S0 (0mM NaCl), S1 (60 mM NaCl), S2 (100 mM NaCl). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results indicated that yield and plant characters such as plant height, dry weight plant-1 , number of pods plant-1 , pod length, number of seeds pod-1 , seed weight plant-1 , 1000-seed weight, seed yield plant-1 , stover yield plant-1 , biological yield plant-1 and harvest index of mungbean were significantly influenced by the application of tea compost. The highest seed yield (2.03 g plant-1 ) was found from the application of 20% tea compost followed by 10% (1.59 g plant-1 ) and 30% (1.44 g plant-1 ) while the lowest seed yield (1.34 g plant-1 ) was obtained under control condition. In case of saline effect the result revealed that the saline control condition was proved the highest seed yield (2.03 g plant-1 ) as well as the others yield contributing characters but the treatment S1 level (60 mM NaCl) was obtained second highest seed yield (1.41 g plant-1 ) at 20% tea compost level while the lowest seed yield was (0.73 g plant-1 ) at 0 % tea compost level under S2 (100 mM NaCl). The highest number of pods plant-1 , pod length, seed yield plant-1 , stover yield plant-1 , biological yield and harvest index were obtained from the interaction results of 20% tea compost level with none saline condition. Therefore, the highest seed yield of mungbean was (2.03 g plant-1 ) obtained in non saline condition with 20% level of tea compost pot-1 while the second highest seed yield (1.41 g plant-1 ) was obtained under saline condition (60 mM NaCl) at 20% tea compost level compared to 0, 10 and 30% tea compost level due to alleviate the saline problem
AMELIORATION OF THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON RICE CULTIVATION THROUGH POULTRY LITTER BASED COMPOST
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-12) ALAM, MD. JAHANGIR; Prof. Dr. Md. Abu Hasan
A field experiment was carried out at the research field of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during January 2017 - May 2017 to evaluate the effects of poultry litter based composts on morphophysiological, yield and yield contributing characters of rice (BRRI dhan28) under different watering stress condition. The experiment was laid out in two factorial complete randomized designs (CRD) with three replications. Factor A included three (3) fertilization levels i.e. control (inorganic), compost (10ton/ha) + inorganic, compost (20ton/ha) + without inorganic fertilizers and factor B comprised of three watering levels (continuous flooding, 100% field capacity and 75% field capacity). Different parameters were measured such as plant height, tiller number, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, proline content and yield contributing characters during the experiment. Most of the morphophysiological traits, yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by different fertilization and irrigation levels. Especially the highest plants height and leaf number per hill were recorded in compost (10ton/ha) + inorganic fertilizer with 100% field capacity. But the maximum tiller numbers were produced by the interaction of control (inorganic) with flooding irrigation. The total chlorophyll and proline content were observed more in flag leaf by the interaction between controls (inorganic) with flooding irrigation. But the relative water content was found more by the interaction of compost (10ton/ha) + inorganic fertilizer with 75% field capacity. The highest effective tiller number/hill was recorded from control (inorganic) and (20ton/ha+without inorganic) at anthesis and harvest stages. It was also observed that flooding irrigation produced the highest number of effective tiller/hill. But the combination of control (inorganic) with flooding irrigation produced the highest number of effective tiller/hill (19). The longest panicle length (23.12 cm) was recorded from the combined effect of compost (10ton/ha + inorganic) with 75% field capacity. The highest grain yield was recorded from control (inorganic) viii (3.69 ton/ha) and flooding irrigation (4.08 ton/ha). The interaction between compost (10ton/ha+ inorganic) and flooding irrigation gave the highest grain yield (4.42 ton/ha). In case of 1000-grain weight the combined effect of compost (20ton/ha+ without inorganic) with 75% field capacity produced the highest result (18.83 g). The maximum harvest index was recorded from compost (20ton/ha + without inorganic) with flooding irrigation. It will be concluded that the rice grown under 10ton/ha compost + inorganic fertilizer with flooding irrigation revealed as a pledged practice in order to get the optimum yield.
AN APPRAISAL OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND SOIL PROPERTIES OF DINAJPUR DISTRICT
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2007) ALAM, MD. MAHFUZ; Dr. Bikash Chandra Sarkar
A study was conducted to assess the pollution from the soil and groundwater collected from eight upazilla of Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. From different locations, 50 water samples and 50 soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. The standard parameters were pH, EC, TDS, HT, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cl, As, HCO, CO3,SO4 and NO3. The pH indicated that the water was all most neutral to slightly alkaline. Grading based on B and SSP reflected that all waters were good to excellent classes. TDS and SAR categorized the water as excellent. Water samples were moderately hard to hard class. All waters were free from RSC and belongs to the suitable category. EC and SAR revealed that water samples were medium salinity and low alkalinity nature and was expressed as C2S1. Other micronutrients like Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were within the safe limit for irrigating all types of agricultural crops. According to drinking standard, some of the waters were detected due to higher concentration of Fe and Mn ions. Other pollutant likes As, Cl, Cu, Zn and SO, were within the safe limit. Most of the water samples are unsuitable for livestock due to higher concentration of Cl, Mn and hardness than recommended limit but the concentration of B, Cu and Zn ions were within the safe limit. The soil of the Dinajpur district was slightly acidic. The increasing tendency of EC in soil of the study area might lead to soil salinity problem in future.
ANTI-OVIPOSITIONAL AND REPELLENT EFFECTS OF BOTANICAL EXTRACTS AGAINST CUCURBIT FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA CUCURBITAE (COQUILLETT)
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) SIDDIQUE, ABU-BAKER; Prof. Dr. Md. Adnan Al Bachchu
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of six different plant extracts for their anti-ovipositional and repellent effects against cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) in the research laboratory of the Department of Entomology, HSTU, Dinajpur, during July to December 2016. Anti-ovipositional and repellent effects of the plant extracts were evaluated with three different solvents (water, methanol and acetone). The results of the present study indicated that all the plant extracts had the repellent and antiovipositional effects against B. cucurbitae that inhibited progeny development. The order of toxicity of the plant extracts based on repellency and anti-oviposition were found as tobacco > neem > water pepper > castor > bullock‟s heart > eucalyptus. Among the tested extracts it was found that no progeny (larvae and pupae recovery, and adult emergence) were developed at 4.0% and 5.0% concentrations. The highest number of progeny develoment (22.22 in larvae, pupae and adult emergence) was found in untreated control treatment. However, progeny recovery, percent repellency and antioviposition were found acted as dose dependent manner where percent repellency and ovipositional deterrence was decreased with the decreased doses of plant extracts. The highest repellency (60.44%) and anti-oviposition (89.43%) were found in water pepper whereas the lowest in neem (41.88 and 68.64%, respectively) plant extracts. It is evident from the results that at all plant extracts treatment caused a remarkable decrease in adult settled, larvae and pupae recovery, and adult emergence as compared with control.
ANTI-OVIPOSITIONAL, OVICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF INDIGENOUS PLANT OILS AGAINST PULSE BEETLE
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-12) AFRIN, SUBARNA; Professor Dr. Md. Alamgir Hossain
The experiment was carried out in the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during May to November 2017. Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., is an important pest of stored chickpea and widely distributed. Chemical insecticides and fumigants are common control used against pulse beetle but it has serious drawbacks. As an alternative control method, plant oils have been successfully used against this pest. The efficacy of six plant oils was assessed for their grain protectant against the attack of C. chinensis. All the tested oils were effectively reduced oviposition, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss compared to control. Both, kalozira and mustard oils showed best performance to reduce adult emergence, seed infestation and seed weight loss while applied those at the rate of 10% concentration. Both kalozira (95.86%) and mustard (91.05%) oils provided the highest inhibition rate of adult emergence when egg bearing seeds were treated at 10% concentration. Additionally, kalozira (94.47%) and mustard (88.33%) oils also markedly reduced the adult emergence while larva bearing seeds were treated at 10% concentration. Therefore, kalozira and mustard oils would be used for the protection of chickpea seeds from the infestation of C. chinensis.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica) AND LEMON (Citrus limon) IN IN VITRO AGAINST Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae CAUSING BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT OF RICE
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2017-06) MONDAL, APURBA KUMAR; Professor Dr. Md. Mohidul Hasan
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important pathogen of rice causing bacterial leaf blight disease, resulting heavy yield losses. X. oryzae pv. oryzae was isolated and identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical characterization and pathogenicity test. Leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Citus limon L. (Lemon) were evaluated for the antibacterial effect against the isolated and identified Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of both plants were tested by using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial efficacy was quantitatively assessed on the basis of zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) along with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on nutrient agar (NA) media. The results of disc diffusion method of antibacterial activity showed that the average zone of inhibition of A. indica leaf extract was higher in water extract (2.60 cm) than in methanol extract (1.90 cm). In case of C. limon, the maximum zone of inhibition was also found using water extract (2.30 cm) where methanol showed less zone of inhibition (1.60 cm). The MIC and MBC of water extract was found the best at 62.5 μg/ml using A. indica leaf extract where C. limon leaf extract gave 125 μg/ml. In cell viability test, both of the plant, A. indica and C. limon with water extract showed 100% cell death at 200 min time of exposure. The findings of the study suggest the use of water extracts of both A. indica and C. limon as the potential candidate to be used as an antibacterial agent against X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
ANTIMITE ACTIVITY OF Capsicum chinense L. FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2023-12) TITHY, ANIKA RAHMAN
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a destructive pest that causes significant damage to vegetables, flowers, fruits and ornamental crops worldwide. The acaricidal, ovicidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Capsicum chinense L. against T. urticae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense was tested at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% concentrations. The result showed that all the concentrations had toxic, ovicidal activity, repellent, and oviposition deterrent effects on T. urticae. With increasing doses and time, the mortality percentage of adults and nymphs (after 24, 48 and 72 h) gradually increased. Extracts at 2.0% concentration showed the highest mortality of adults (80.0%) and nymphs (93.0%) after 72 h exposure. Mortality was greater in nymphs (29.0 – 93.0%) than in adult females (12.0 – 80.0%) when treated with different concentrations. Ovicidal activity (after 7 days) results showed that the lowest egg hatchability was (59.0%) at 2% concentration with the highest corresponding efficacy (37.23%). The LD50 values for adults were 3.39, 2.24 and 0.50 and for nymphs were 1.29, 0.38 and 0.23 after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively whereas for eggs were 5.63 after 7days. The ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense was also found to be effective as a repellent and oviposition deterrence against T. urticae, with the repellency and oviposition deterrent rate increasing with doses and time, and showed a significant effect at the highest concentration (2.0%) in both cases. The oviposition deterrent was shown to be more prominent than the repellent effect. According to the findings, the ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense has great potential to develop as a bio-acaricide for T. urticae management.
APPLICATION OF AMMI MODEL FOR G X E INTERACTION IN BREAD WHEAT
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2010-08) TABASSUM, URMI; Dr. Md. Hasanuzzaman
Eight advance wheat genotypes including two check varieties BARI Gom 21 (Shatabdi) and BARI Gom 24 (Prodip) were tested in 10 environments under five locations of different WRC stations of BARI during 2009-10. There were significant variations against environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interactions for yield, heading days, grain filling duration and rate. The sum of squares for yield, heading days and grain filling duration were attributed by environments followed by genotype x environment interaction and then genotypes. The environments were diverse and there were substantial differences in genotypic response for all the characters. Interactions of ten genotypes of wheat for yield and heading days with ten environments were predicted by first four principal components of genotypes and environments. Grain filling duration was predicted by first two principal components and grain filling rate by first principal components. The genotypes BAW 1118, BAW 1122, BAW 1140 and BAW 1141 were the most stable genotypes for yield as estimated by both AMMI stability value (ASV) and regression method. Alli late seeding environments were closer to each other than any optimum environments and vice versa with some variations. Influence of genotypes was the highest in determining grain filling rate of the tested genotypes followed by environments. So, there was less differences in genotypic response for the characters across the environments. The hierarchical classification revealed that, stable genotypes BAW 1118, BAW 1140 and BAW 1141 were closer to each other. Rajshahi optimum environment was different than other optimum environments as well as Jamalpur late environment was also different from other late environments, for attaining higher yield in the tested wheat genotypes.