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Class and changing urban life styles in Narayanganj: A sociological study
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-13) Saha, Amit Kumar
This thesis aims at finding out the relationships between urban classes and life style patterns and the impact of modernization and globalization on the urban life style patterns of the people in Narayanganj, and find out a new pattern of consumption. The society of Bangladesh has seen major cultural changes due to the influence of various processes namely, modernization, urbanization and globalization. Narayanganj, a major city of Bangladesh is also currently going through the process of cultural change. The life style pattern of high income groups or the upper class is quite different from the life style pattern of lower income groups or the lower class. The middle income group of Narayanganj also leads a different way of life. The changing process involves the food habits, media habits, dress patterns and family structure. There is a growing tendency of fast food culture among the upper and middle class people in Narayanganj city though the lower class is less comfortable to this culture. Moreover, a large number of brand shops are situated in Narayanganj city and they are rapidly increasing due to the growing preferences of the upper and middle class people on brand clothes. In addition, Indian hindi and bangla channels are becoming more popular among the residents of Narayanganj city. The modernization and globalization process have a crucial effect in the life style patterns of the people in Narayanganj city though the social stratification factors holds a significant position in this explication of change.
Migration and the socio-economic condition of informal labor market: a sociological study on Polashi and New market
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-09) Akram, Md. Washim
Informal sector is a very important area of the economy for any developing country; it is a growing occupational sector for the less skilled people, living both in urban and rural areas. Considerable amount of employment are ensured by this sector. What is specific to the informal economy is the absence of rights and social protection of the workers involved in it. Living in extensive poverty; exploited, with no place to go for protection; lacking access to basic social services; no basic safety conditions at work; holding little or no hope that life can be better; struggling on a daily basis just to survive, they are street vendors, wage laborers working in small enterprises on a regular, casual or contract basis; unpaid workers including family workers and apprentices, home-workers, paid domestic workers and more; and a smaller number are the owners of tiny enterprises. Many people are migrated from different part of our country and they choose to work as an informal labor. This study concentrates on the workers and their work life and living standards.
Education system and sense of moral values: a sociological study among the students of university of Dhaka
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-08) Ray, Nibedita
Young generations as well as students always brought changes throughout the world. Especially in Bangladesh, students had taken a crucial role in the history of struggle. It is more important than the other students all over the world. Any movement of changes comes from the students historically in Bangladesh. In this country students are the conscience of nation. Universities have long been seen as institutions for preparing students as a man for life, both academically and as moral agents in society. In order to become capable, moral citizen, Students need to be provided with opportunities to learn moral values. But now-a-days moral degradation is increasing day by day in Dhaka University as well as all over the country. Education system has a close relationship with moral values. ‘Everyman is for himself’ it is the dialogue of present time. Reality or intelligence is selfishness and moral values are emotion and foolish vocabulary, this type of wrong teaching is given in everywhere. In the Sovereign Republic of Bangladesh, many types of education system are existing here. For this reason present education system is failed to build same national civic sense or collective sense. Education System also failed to create moral values and it is liable to create moral degradation. Students are running to career based education. Thus education system makes the students as well as the nation mechanical, immoral, selfish and individualistic. So, this study tries to explore the situation of existing education system and sense moral values.
Social exclusion of bihari community: A sociological study on Geneva camp, Dhaka
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-08) Bhattacharjee, Moesume
The study of social exclusion is historically significant in sociology because of its gravity for explaining existing social problems embedded to the disadvantaged section of population in a given society. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is to explore the patterns, dimensions and incidences of social exclusion among the Bihari community in the Geneva Camp, Dhaka. The previous research works on Bihari community have given the answers why they are excluded. However, the present research work has tried to find out why and how they are excluded and to be what extent they are excluded. For guiding this empirical study, different research works have been reviewed to find out the research gap and three pertinent theories of social exclusion, offered by Silver (1994), Clavel (1998), and Levitus (2005), also have been used for perceiving the underlying dimensions of social exclusion. Moreover, the methodology of this piece of writing involves: purposive and systematic sampling for area and respondent selection, and, mixed methods (survey and case study) for data collection. Besides, some statistical measurements have been used for data analysis such as percentile calculation, chi-square test (for measuring social exclusion) and the CBN method (for measuring poverty). The main findings of this thesis are mentionable here. From the findings it has been found that more than 95 percent of the respondents claimed that they hide their identity and dwelling place when they are outside the Camp. Moreover, by using the CBN method for measuring poverty the study found that about 30 percent people are poor, while nearly 70 percent respondents claim that they have sufficient income to run their family, but they are deprived from all basic rights, those a state usually provides. However, about 70 percent people think that they are poor and excluded in terms of ethnic identity, civic alienation, stigmatization, poor social capital, and etc. In addition, the chi-square test found most of the factors of social exclusion are strongly associated with ethnic identity at the significance level of  Most of the respondents claimed that they don’t have access to proper housing, sanitation, health facilities, and education. Besides, about 70 percent respondents said that they do not possess or enjoy any political power for negotiation with the state. For example, they have voting rights, but no one is allowed to get a passport. Besides, the study shows that about 65 percent respondents are living in jobless home, which is considered as labor market exclusion. Finally, they reported that they are facing discrimination in all sphere of society wherever they involved, and they are spatially alienated from main stream people wherever they live in the country.
Neoliberal urbanism and privatization of space: A study of urban redevelopment in dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-07) Khan, Sazzad Hossain
This study is an effort to demonstrate the interaction between neoliberalism and privatization of the urban space of the city of Dhaka. The neoliberal agenda has given birth to the modern Dhaka bestowed with all elements of luxury. The city of Dhaka is now perceptible with series of skyscrapers, gorgeous shopping malls, elegant cafes and restaurants reflecting absolutely a consumer culture. The theory of Neoliberalism of David Harvey was put forward to make the study theoretically sound. Land use survey, in-depth interviews and observation were employed to sketch the landscape of commercialization and privatization of the city space. The study was followed by ‘theory to data’ approach where qualitative data have supplemented the quantitative method. Gulshan, Motijheel and Dhanmondi are taken as the study areas as they are the center of finance, consumerism and infrastructure of the city. Furthermore, in case of selecting the study area there was a blend of South Dhaka and North Dhaka to represent the real political and economic practice of the world system. The data was analyzed both statistically and thematically. The study found that the residential space of Dhanmondi and Gulshan were transformed into commercial establishments and public space of Motijheel was in privatized ones. The poor people were uprooted from their slum or slum like habitation and thrown to urban periphery. They were segregated from the central city to make the inner road, canal side, lake side, footpath beautiful and lucrative. Thus the commercialization and privatization of space have unfortunately deprived the poor segment of the population from their right to modern city life. Rather it has facilitated only very few national bourgeoisie and transnational elites. It has reduced the commercial role of Motijheel and handed over it to Gulshan. But Motijasheel has not yet lost its central commercial role as business zone of the city. All of these transformations of space of the city of Dhaka has actually put in practice the political and economic practices of neoliberalism with the help of the neoliberal state. The neoliberal state was created to promote good business environment and facilitate restoration of class in the city.
The new urban space & spatilal practices of women: A study on working women in Dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-06) Shamma, Wasifa Tasnim
The city of Dhaka is now visible with eye-catching shopping malls, pioneering fashion house and stylish beauty parlor. Together with the rise of these new service sectors and escalating consumer culture, the new urban space has also been endowed with the presence of women in public space of the city.The study is an endeavor to demonstrate an interaction between the new urban space and spatial practices of working women in the city of Dhaka. These women are working in different shopping malls, fashion houses and beauty parlors of the city. Their spatial practices comprise their enjoyment of freedom in work place and particularly in public space, their psychological mapping of fear and danger, their experience of harassment in public space and protective use of space in Dhaka. Briefly, the study has attempted to pinpoint how the city of Dhaka has become a space of freedom and movement and simultaneously a space of danger for women using the public space every day. Harvey’s ‘Spatial practices and social meanings to space’, Lefebvre’s ‘Production of space and Tonkiss’s ‘Geography of gender’ have been applied to make the study theoretically sound.. Mixed method strategy has been applied to conduct the study majorly followed by survey and supplemented by case studies. This combination of methods has facilitated the respondents to enrich the findings of the study with their straightforward responses and exclusive social reality at the same time. There is a blend of South Dhaka and North Dhaka, affluent area and ordinary area to represent the reality in the city. Descriptive analysis with Statistical program and narrative analysis of the subjects’ stories have been used for the analysis of collected data. The study has revealed that new urban space of Dhaka has been produced by the rise of shopping malls, fashion houses and beauty parlors, increasing consumerism, increasing number of women working in these sectors and their visible presence in the public space of the city. Their employment and empowerment with new service sectors has led to weakening men’s traditional masculinity. The men attempt to show down their masculinity in a new form by harassing women differentlyin public space of Dhaka Women’s socialization as a girl and previous bitter experiences in the city has produced women’s fear of space as well as protective use of space. Briefly, the study argues that the new urban space of Dhaka city has produced working women’s maps of danger and margins of freedom at the same time.
Web technology and the culture of virtuality: A study on urban youth in Dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-06) Parvin, Irin
This era is marked by huge transformation in information and other technology. Now-a-days we cannot think a single moment of our life without internet, mobile phone etc. Moreover, now the life of citizen’s mainly urban dwellers become busier with different types of work load. For this reason they adjust their communications, everyday shopping and many other tasks with the help of various electronic and internet services. By this way our life is becoming highly dominated by this type of modern technology and this causes transformation of our intimate relationship, human communication and other interpersonal relationship. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of web technology for creating different types of communication process that has some existence in the real world despite the communication process is virtual. In Bangladesh the rate of internet users are increasing at a great number and among them young people it is more dominant. Moreover, using web technology different types of on-line shopping portals can be found that tremendously change the style of living. Now this type of on-line shopping portals provides the opportunity of choosing goods in online and home delivery system. Someone can pay the bill in on-line. Young people are the intense user of on-line shopping portals. By using internet technology young people are forming different types of social relationship and personal bonding. The main purpose of the thesis is to find out the changes in social relationship based on the theory of Castells and to find out the implications of such type of communication.
The law enforcing agencies and governance: a sociological study on Shahbag thana
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-06) Islam, Samia
For the social control of a society enforcement of law is essential and this essential duty performs by police. Historically, police has referred the enforcement of criminal law all over the world. The function of police was initially, since the sixteenth century, not understood in a restricted sense as criminal law enforcement, but was broadly conceived in terms of a general governmental program oriented at the welfare, wellbeing, and happiness of individuals on the basis of a broad system of government that include all possible aspects of public life. Instead of merely responding to violation of law, this governmental system of police proactively and positively contributed to advance order and welfare. In more liberal nations police powers were more confined in terms of constitutional rights and restricted to violations of narrowly conceived criminal laws. On the other hands, colonial regimes again followed entirely different paths, closely related to the economic and political objectives of the imposition of colonial rules. From 1757 to 1947 Bangladesh ruled as colony of British Empire. The structure and act of British colonial ruler still kept intact in Bangladesh. The historical transformation of policing was happened in the world, but policing of Bangladesh begins colonial. As an organ of government police face different types of problem with its infrastructure and administrative structure. In this research paper I explain the problems of police and governance.
Computer professional’s health hazard: a study in Dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-05) Parveen, Sunjida
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is an emerging industrial sector in Bangladesh. According to Ministry of Finance 2013, the size of the IT industry is estimates to be approximately around US$ 120 million per year (including export). But computer professionals are among the most unnoticed working groups in Bangladesh who are exposed to various occupational health hazards due to their work postures and long working hour on computer. This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of computer related health hazards among the computer professionals in Dhaka city. It also seeks to examine the attitudes of the professionals towards health hazards, the association between the computer professionals’ health hazard and their working environment and interventions by government, employers and employees. With the Dhaka Metropolitan Area as a study site, a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 105 computer professionals (79% males and 21% females) between ages 20 through 45 and made up of Software programmers, Designers, Business analysts, Developers and Network engineers was conducted. The participants in the present study were recruited from 12 different software companies in Dhaka city. Results indicated that musculoskeletal disorders were common among the computer professionals. The highest (56.2%) respondents suffered from upper back trouble and (43.8%) suffered from lower back trouble. However, (41.9%) of the respondents suffered from wrists trouble and (41.0%) suffered neck pain. Shoulder trouble was found among (24.8%) of the respondents and (25.7%) of the respondents suffered eye restrain. Due to these troubles and discomforts, (20.0%) respondents were prevented from work and (40%) of the respondents consulted with the doctors or physio-therapists. Smoking habit was found among the (58.1%) of the respondents and a relation between long work hour and smoking habit was also analyzed. Accessing the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, large number of respondents (38.0%) was found moderately depressed. Statistical significant association was found between the long work hour and the level of depression. These findings underscore that the computer professionals are prone to these occupational hazards so computer service sector should be emphasized as a field of concern in occupational health hazards. Application of ergonomics and better technology along with proper lighting; cushioned chair and soft keypads in the office settings are required. There is also a need for enforcing suitable preventive measures to combat these occupational health hazards along with establishing OSH policy and legislations.
Small and medium enterprises and women empowerment: A study of women entrepreneurs in Dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-05) Islam, Aminul
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) plays a cardinal role in any economy through the generation of income and employment especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Existing gender ratio in demographic structure of Bangladesh indicates that the ratio of male and female is 100.3:100. Women being half of the population, it is impossible to think of a country’s sustainable development without improving women’s situation and incorporating women in development efforts. The main objective of this study is to show how the involvement of women in small and medium enterprise has contributed to their empowerment in Dhaka city. To make the attempt a successful one, this study first of all, reviewed the existing relevant literature along with some theoretical ideas in relation to mark the women’s empowerment regarding small and medium enterprises. Then constructing three indices specifically the following dimensions i.e. Haque et al. (2011) namely household decision making, economic decision making, and physical movement in the Bangladesh context. It formulates the conceptual framework and later constructs its methodology. The study followed the mixed method both quantitative and qualitative approaches. For the quantitative data collection, non-probability purposive sampling was selected. Total respondents were 120 who were selected purposively from various areas in Dhaka city. A Semi- structured questionnaire was prepared to collect primary data and the questionnaire consisting of nine sections: both close-ended and open-ended questionnaire were included. The analysis was based on primary data collected through personal interviews from May 3 to June 28, 2014. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It was then presented in tables, graphs, and pie chart and cross tabulations and chi square were employed to systematically present the information, and to develop the relationship between independent and dependent variable. For quantitative analysis, eleven variables were taken as independent variables and women household, economic, social empowerment as dependent variables. Hypothesis testing was done by taking three hypotheses out of that all hypotheses have been accepted. So chi- square p value is p< .05 revealed that small and medium enterprise significance have positive impact on women’s empowerment in the sector of household, economic and social. In addition to the questionnaire based quantitative data collection, the study also made use of Case studies to complement the qualitative data which includes both the empowerment issues and the challenges faced by the women entrepreneurs. The study clearly indicates that limited capital is still the main problem. The other problems include lack of space and financial assistance, husband’s negative attitude and children’s complain of inadequate time form mother, competition, marketing problem and lack of publicity and so on. The majority (17.5%) women entrepreneurs are involved in beauty parlor 19 (15.8%) are involved in Boutique items which are traditionally seen as women’s arenas, not challenging sectors. The study is in line with the Liberal Feminist perspective that women’s access to income generation and employment to empower women. The study ends with a summary of findings and a number of suggestions.

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