Year 2019
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Item ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION & ANTIBIOGRAM PROFILING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM FRESH COW MILK SAMPLE(DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1207, 2019-12) CHAKRABORTTY, TANAYStaphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases in both humans & animals. S. aureus produces a variety of virulence factors that are liable for sub- clinical & persistent intra-mammary infections like mastitis. This research was suspected to isolation, identification & characterization of S. aureus causing bovine mastitis in cattle. The bacteria was isolated, identified & characterized by cultural, staining, morphological, & biochemical. The 12 isolates produced β hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar & fermented on mannitol salt agar & aslo produced yellow colonies. In Gram staining, the organism found as gram positive, grapes like clusters formed by cocci. The isolates showed catalase & coagulase positive that confirmed as S. aureus. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates were investigated by disc diffusion method. In this study 42 fresh milk samples were obtained from three different points of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh like Savar Hat Area, Shimulia Hat Area & Bagbari Bazar Area & 12 samples yielded positive result for S. aureus, given an overall prevalence of 28.57%. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the 12 S. aureus isolates revealed that the majority of the isolates were resistant against penicillin, erythromycin & amoxicillin. The isolates showed 100% resistant to penicillin & amoxicillin, while ciprofloxacin, oxicillin, cloxacillin & neomycin were found the most effective drug for the treatment of S. aureus.Item PREVALANCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF TURKEYS IN WET MARKETS OF DHAKA CITY(DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1207, 2019-12) NIPU, NUSRAT JAHANGastrointestinal nematodes constitute a major impediment to efficient poultry production, including turkeys and leading to substantial economic losses. Here, we studied the helminths of turkey from different market areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The gastrointestinal helminths were investigated from a total 50 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The samples were collected from Gonobissobiddaloi (30), Mohammadpur Town Hall Kacha Bazar (15) and Agargoan Bazar (5). The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 74%. The nematodes detected in turkeys were Heterakis gallinarum (62%) and Capillaria philippinensis (74%). Of the two helminth species, C. philippinensis is reported to have zoonotic potentialities. The farmers have been rearing the turkeys very close to the human habitat. Therefore, turkey farmers, meat sellers and consumers are at risk of being infected with C. philippinensis. To the best of our knowledge, the study on helminths in turkey is going to be reported for the first time in Bangladesh. Therefore, further proper attention should be paid for more comprehensive investigation with large samples to discover zoonotic helminth in Bangladesh.Item IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli FROM DRESSED CHICKEN MEAT IN DHAKA(DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1207, 2019-12) BISWAS, AMIT KUMARPoultry is a major fast growing source of meat in the recent world. The consumers want a contamination free, safe and hygienic meat, which is free from any type of hazardous organism. This study has been done to find out the prevalence of Escherichia coli in different markets. The markets were different live bird markets and supermarkets. Also this study indicates the difference of Escherichia coli prevalence between live bird markets and the supermarkets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Samples from different markets were analyzed to determine the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. It was isolated from the dressed meat sample of chicken through conventional cultural method. The samples were collected from twelve markets. Seven of the markets were live bird markets and other five were supermarkets. The markets were indicated as M1, M2, M3 etc for advantage while sampling. The markets were Savar Hut (M1), Shemulia Bazar (M2), Bagbari Bazar (M3), Bihari Camp (M4), Krishi Market (M5), Gigatola Bazar (M6), Taltola Bazar (M7), and Supermarkets were (M8), (M9), (M12), (M11) & (M10). From each market three samples were collected (S1, S2, S3). Result of this study demonstrated that the prevalence of E. coli was more in live bird market than the supermarkets. The average CFU/ml in live bird markets was 1.17534 × 10 12 and the average CFU/ml of supermarkets was 3.37327 × 10 11 . The E. coli prevalence percentage of live bird markets was 80.95% and in supermarkets it was 46.67%. So the pathogenic organism in the consumed meat of this type is alarming. This study also concluded recommendations that the personnel hygiene is crucial in processing and handling of poultry and poultry products.Item Prevalence of Mites of Backyard Chicken in South-West Bangladesh(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) FARAZI, MD. ABDULLAHIn Bangladesh, chicken meat is an important source of protein for rural people. Chicken production also plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. However, mite infestations are among the important hindrance in the development of this industry. Chicken mites suck blood and give irritation to the chicken. As a result, chicken become anaemic, emaciated and lose their production. A study was carried out on backyard chicken from January 2018 to December 2018 to determine the prevalence and identify the species of mites in South-West Bangladesh. Among 200 backyard chicken (37 male and 163 female), 173 (86.5%) were infested. Four mite species, including Dermanyssus gallinae (56.5%), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (15.5%), Ornithonyssus bursa (9%) and Knemidocoptes mutans (5.5%), were found in the backyard chicken. The high prevalence of mites in backyard chicken indicates that mite infestation is a common problem in South-West Bangladesh. Therefore, awareness should be made among the producers and adequate preventive measures should be taken to control mite infestation inorder to gain optimum chicken production.Item DETAIL MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF DOG FLEA (Ctenocephalides canis) AND CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) in Dhaka City(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) MD. YAKUB ALICtenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis are the most important ectoparasites of dogs and cats throughout the world; they themselves affect the host and act as vectors of diseases. The main aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and identify the morphological properties of Ctenocephalides spp. in both stray and pet dogs and cats in Dhaka City. Typical morphological characteristics were observed in both species. The two species were separated according to the shape of the head, length of the first spine of the genal comb, number of bristles on the lateral metanotal area (LMA), the number of short stout bristles in the interval between the postmedian and apical long bristles of the dorsal margin of the hind tibia. Males were further identified by the shape of the manubrium of the clasper and females were identified by observing the size of the hilla of spermatheca at the posterior end. A total of 25 flea infested dogs and 25 flea infested cats were found from 57 dogs and 77 cats, respectively. In this study, a higher prevalence of flea was recorded in both dogs (43.86%) and cats (32.47%). A higher prevalence was recorded in stray dogs (61.11%) and cats (79.17%) than that in pet dogs (14.29%) and cats (11.32%). The prevalence of flea infestation was 48.28% in young dogs and 39.29% in adult dogs, respectively. In case of cat, 34.62% young and 31.37% adult were found to be infested by fleas. Among the examined fleas of dogs, 9 (60%) were C. canis and 6 (40%) were C. felis. Again, among the examined fleas of cats, 2 (13.33%) were C. canis and 13 (86.77%) were C felis. Of the 11 C. canis identified, were 8 (72.73%) female fleas and 3(27.27%) male fleas. Of the 19 examined C. felis identified as 18 (94.74%) were female fleas and 1 (5.26%) male flea. Both fleas have public health significance. Therefore, proper attention needs to be paid for the prevention of flea borne diseases through the control of dogs and cats.Item PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM TABLE EGG(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) MUKTA, ASHRIFA AKTERThe present study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria from table egg with special emphasis to E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Techniques forward to isolate, identify and characterize the bacterial species by cultural, morphological, biochemical and staining. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates were investigated by disc diffusion method. A total number of 40 eggs were collected from different markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh such as Krishi market, Bihari camp market, Agargaon market and SAU market. In Gram’s staining, the organism revealed gram-negative, pink color, small rod shaped appearance, arranged in single or paired short called E.coli, the organism revealed gram negative, short rod shaped, singly arranged called Salmonella spp., the organisms were found as gram positive grapes like clusters formed by cocci. E. coli from 14 samples, Salmonella spp. from 11 samples and Staphylococcus spp. from 7 samples were isolated from total of 40 samples that means (35.00%) were positive for E. coli ,(27.50 %) were positive for Salmonella spp. and (17.50%) were positive for Staphylococcus spp. The antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that the isolated E. coli were highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin; and were sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. The isolated Salmonella spp. were highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin; and were sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Staphylococcus spp. were resistant against Neomycin, Vancomycin and were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and gentamycin.Item ANTIBIOBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PROFILING OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM PIGEON: A PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) KARIM, SHAH JUNGY IBNAThis study was undertaken to isolate, identify and antibiotic profiling of zoonotic bacteria harbors in pigeon, which are raised in farms and household in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar. Total bacterial load and total coliform load was determined from oral swab (n = 20) and cloacal swabs (n = 20) of pigeons. Samples were collected aseptically and inoculated onto various culture media for isolation of zoonotic bacteria. Identification of bacteria from positive samples were performed by cultural characterist ics, Gram’s staining, biochemical tests and molecular identification to some extent. Hundred percent prevalence with microorganism was found from all the samples. The prevalence of E.coli and Salmonella spp. in oral swab samples was (50%) and (30%) and in cloacal swab samples it was (55%) and (25%) respectively. The overall prevalence of E.coli and Salmonella spp. in pigeons was (52.50%) and (27.5%). Antibiotic sensitivity profiling of the isolated E.coli & Salmonella spp. was performed by the disc diffusion method against 9 randomly used antibiotics. The highest rate of sensitivity against E.coli was found with levofloxacin (67%) followed by azithromycin (63%), ciprofloxacin (62%) and gentamicin (48%). The highest rate of resistance was recorded to ampicillin (71%) followed by amoxicillin (62%), erythromycin (62%), tetracycline (52%). The highest rate of antibiotic sensitivity against Salmonella spp. was found with ciprofloxacin (82%) and levofloxacin, gentamicin and ampicillin showed the same result (55%). The highest rate of resistance was recorded to tetracycline (100%) followed by nalidixic acid (82%) and erythromycin (46%), amoxicillin (36%). Data from this study suggest that pigeons carry multi-drug resistant E.coli and Salmonella spp. which can be transferred to humans through direct contact or the food chain and can cause a potential public health hazard.Item PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM ASSAY OF ZOONOTIC BACTERIA IN RAW MEAT(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) SULTANA, MST. TASMIMThe present research work was undertaken to isolate and to investigate the prevalence of zoonotic bacteria from broiler meat samples sold in Krishi Market, Bihari Camp, Agargaon Bazar, Taltola Bazaar and SAU Mini Bazaar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to May 2018. A total of 45 samples were randomly collected from markets and transported to the Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University for microbiological analysis. After processing of samples primary culture was done in nutrient broth and nutrient agar then pure culture was obtained from different selective media. The prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were 74%, 42% and 18% respectively. All pure isolates were subjected to Antibiogram assay test by disc diffusion method against 8 different antibiotics. E. coli isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (91.6%), gentamycin (87.5%), azithromycin (66.66%), tetracycline (58%) and resistant to penicillin (79.16%) , amoxycillin (75%), streptomycin (75%) and ampicillin (58.3%). Among all Salmonella spp. isolates, ciprofloxacin (81.81%) showed the highest susceptibility pattern followed by the gentamycin (72.72%) and azithromycin (63.63%). Highest resistant pattern was showed by tetracycline (58%), streptomycin(72.72%), penicillin (72.72%) and amoxycillin (63.63%). In case of Staphylococcus spp., ciprofloxacin (85.71%) showed the highest susceptibility pattern followed by the gentamycin (71.42%). also, ampicillin (71.42%), streptomycin (57.14%), azithromycin (57.14%) and tetracycline (57.14%) found sensitive in this study. Highest resistant pattern showed by amoxycillin (71.42%) and penicillin (71.42%). This study revealed that broiler meat sold at some local markets in Dhaka city were contaminated with multiple species of multidrug resistant bacteria which may risk for human health.Item REVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH(DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2019) S. M. ABDULLAHPoultry is a promising sector in Bangladesh which is expanding day by day. It is also the most appropriate income generating sector for rural women as well as landless and marginal farmers. But the indigenous chickens are affected by various parasites. Therefore, the present study was aimed to study the prevalence and morphological identification of gastrointestinal helminths of backyard chicken in Dhaka, Bandarban, Mymensingh and Pabna. A total of 63 intestines were examined for helminth parasites from September 2017 to November 2017. This experiment was performed at the Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory under the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207. The collected helminths were identified according to the keys and description given by Soulsby (1982) and Yamaguti (1958). A high rate of helminth infection (100%) was observed in backyard chicken in Bangladesh. One cestode, Raillietina tetragona (73.01%); two nematodes, Ascaridia galli (47.61%) and Heterakis gallinarum (38.09%); and two trematodes, Catatropis verrucosa (23.80%) and Echinostoma revolutum (7.93%) were encountered during the study. Ascaridia galli was mostly found in small intestine whereas Heterakis gallinarum was found in the caecum. Echinostoma revolutum and Raillietina tetragona were collected from both small and large intestines. Catatropis verrucosa were recovered only from caecum. Out of 63 samples, 25.39% were infected with single infection while the rest 74.61% were mixed infections. This work strongly suggests that helminthosis is a very serious problem in backyard chicken and therefore, appropriate control strategies are needed to design for better production.