Vol. 01, Issue 2, July 2014
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Item Diabetes Distress among type 2 Diabetic Patients(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Roy, Falguny; Mehriban, Nadira; Ferdous, Galib; Fahim, Nahian Fyrose; Akter, Jeasmin; Ali, S.M. KeramatA cross sectional study is carried out among 165 adult type 2 diabetes patients attending at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Dhaka. Sample is taken purposively. Data are collected through face to face interview and records review. Diabetes distress scale (DDS 17) was measured cut-off value of <2 for little or no distress 2-2.9 for moderate distress and >3 for high distress. It wes observed that 22.42% had high distress,26.1% moderate distress and rest of the 51.5% had little or no distress. The average score of total diabetes distress is 2.17 ± 0.75. The average score of each domain such as emotional burden physician related distress, regimen–related distress and interpersonal distress is (3.49± 1.52), (1.13±0.32), (2.12±0.85) .“Emotional Burden” is considered as the most important domain in measuring diabetes distress. The influence of age on level of diabetes distress is statically significant (p<0.001). The distress scale gradually increase higher from 40 years and continue till 59. The influence of residential status on level of diabetes distress is also statically significant (p<0.001). Respondents from sub-urban areas suffered more distressed symptoms than those from urban areas (53.3% vs.45.7%). The influence of smoking on level of diabetes distressed is statistically significant (p<0.005). Respondents who were the members of the having ever smoker group had highest percentage of distressed symptoms (58.5%). The influence of BMI on level of diabetes distressed is statistically significant (p<0.001). Respondents who were the members of the obese group had highest percent of distress symptoms (100%) they also the group of experience highest percentage of high distress (83.3%). There is a strong positive correlation between two variable [r=0.64,p<0.001] ; diabetes distress score with duration of diabetes mellitus. The influence of duration since detection of diabetes mellitus on level of diabetes distress is statistically significant (p<0.001). Respondents who were having diabetes of >10 years had highest percentage of distressed symptoms. Diabetes distress showed significant relationship with glycemic status. Respondents who were the members of the insulin group had highest percentages of distressed symptoms. The influence of diabetic complication on level of diabetic distress is statistically significantly (p<0.001). Respondents who were the members of having complications group had highest percentage of distressed symptoms.Item Investigation of Self-Medication Practices of Medicines Among Biological Science Students of Dhaka University in Bangladesh(Daffodil International University, 2014-06-01) Saqueeb, Nazmus; Rahman, Md. Mustafezur; Arifur Rahman1, Md.Self-medication, as one element of self-care, is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self recognized illnesses or symptoms. It is practiced significantly worldwide even though its type, extent and reasons for its practice may vary. Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 180 Bioscience students in University of Dhaka from April to June 2012. Pre-tested and validated questionnaires were employed as tools for data collection. Study populations were determined by using two stages stratified random sampling methods. Among the 165 respondents (students), 104(63.03%) were male students whereas 61(36.36%) were female students aged between 20-25(87.87%). Only 12.12% were aged below 20. Headache 70(42.42%) was the most frequently reported symptoms for taking self-medication followed by Fever 62(37.57%). Prior experience 93(56.36%) and In emergency use 84(50.91%) were the two major reasons pr for self-medication. The most common classes of drugs used in self-medication in the current study were analgesics, in particular, Paracetamol, which was reported by 92(51%) of the respondents followed by Antacids 32(17%). Self-decisions 109(66.06%) followed by relatives 34 (20.61%) were the two most frequently reported source of drug information for self-medication in this study. Out of 165 respondents, most of them 122(74%) agreed with the practice self-medication while only 43(26%) disagreed.Item Role of Oral Hygiene on Occurrence of Rheumatic Fever Among Bangladeshi Children(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Anam, Mahzuma; Ali, Shah Mohammad Keramat; Mehriban, Nadira; Fahim, Nahian FyroseOral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy by brushing and flossing to prevent tooth decay and gum disease This case control study was aimed to compare oral hygiene practices and oral health status between Rheumatic Fever case and control group among Bangladeshi Children and to assess socio –demographic and environmental factors influencing Rheumatic fever. Among 124 children 62 rheumatic fever cases of 5-15 years of age children were taken; 62 children of the same age without rheumatic fever were chosen as control group. The mean ± SD age of the children was 10 ± 2.41 years with a range between 6 and 15 years of age and 56 (45.2%) were male and 68(54.8%) were female. Regarding the method of tooth brushing 45.2% of rheumatic fever cases practiced. Satisfactory method of tooth brushing and only 12.9% of the control , so there was significant difference in method of tooth brushing between two groups (x2=15.557.p=0.00 ). Female 62.9% were more affected by rheumatic fever than males (37.1%). Fever and joint pain were the most common sign and symptoms of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever occurrence was more in the children whose mothers were housewives (x2=11.090; P=0.011).Item Phytochemical Screening and Dpph Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Centella Asiatica (L)(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Rahman, Md. Mustafezur; Saqueeb, Nazmus; Faruk, Md. Al; Rahman, Md. Arifur; Sathi, Zakia SultanaThe present study was aimed at investigating the chemical profiles of the methanolic extract of leaves of Centella asiatica as well as to assess its antioxidative activity. In this study, a methanolic extract (50 g/L) was obtained by infusion followed by cold maceration for 24 h. The phytochemical screening of the plant extract demonstrated the presence of several classes of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. The concentration of the plant extract needed for 50% scavenging (IC50) of DPPH was found to be 40.4 μg/ml whereas IC50values for the positive control was found to be 16.34 μg/ml for BHT and 65.03 μg/ml for Ascorbic acid (AS).Item Health Effects of Biomass Fuel Combustion on Women and Children and Intervention of Improved Cook Stove and Hand Washing Practices (Phase – I)(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) S, Khandker; R, Ahmed; A.R, Mollah; F, Parvez; Akter, Jeasmin; Al-Mueid, AbdullahFor the purpose of this study 450 intervention and 150 control households (HHs) were selected. Among the intervened HHs improved cooking stoves and soap were provided. Qualitative information was collected through FGDs. The pre- intervention FGD focused, particularly on understanding how local women perceive the problems associated with fuel burning, exposure period, fuel usages, and their willingness to respond to the project interventions. The post intervention FGD focused on the acceptance of the intervention, how the women perceive the benefits, problems with improved stoves, any modification they feel needed in case of operation, etc. Twenty four (24-h) hours air samples for particulate matter (PM) were collected by using an air filter. The data gathered during sampling were fed into computers, checked, cleared and used for subsequent analysis. Detail will be delivered in Phase II report. This report contains baseline information. Above 67% of respondents of the studied HHs belong to age group between 19-29 years. A 59.5% of the studies HHs do not purchase fuel for cooking and about 83% HHs use cow dung and crop residues/dry leaves as fuel during dry season, while 16.92% use wood; however, they also use crop residues and dry leaves. Average cooking experience is 10.25 years and every day the respondent mothers spend 3.34 hours in the kitchen. Above 82% women reported to take their children to kitchen during cooking, while 9.25% women reported to take their children to kitchen almost always and 7.27% respondent told that they usually do not take their children to kitchen during cooking. A large proportion of the respondent women (234) suffer from some sorts of respiratory troubles. Of them, 28 women have known COPD history. About 19% children of studied HHs suffer from ARI, of them 61.6% (11.5% of total) have known pneumonia history.Item In Vitro Comparative Analysis of Ciprofloxacin- Hcl Tablet Available in Bangladesh(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Deepa, Kanij Nahar; Sultana, Sharifa; Zaman, KH Ahammad UzFive generic ciprofloxacin HCl 500 mg tablets from different manufacturer have been evaluated to assess their bioequivalence using in vitro tests. Other general quality assessments of these tablets like assay, weigh variation, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution time were also determined and all these generic tablets passed compendial specifications. All the tablets contained ciprofloxacin from 90.51 ± 0.29 to 104.74 ± 1.53 of the labeled claim. The hardness of all generic tablets were within the range between 5.42 ± 0.25 to 6.76 ± 0.44 kg/cm2. Friability test is used to evaluate the tablet resistance to abrasion. The friability (%) of all generic tablets was within the range of 0.11 to 0.22. We observed that Ciprofloxacin-HCl tablets have a disintegration time from 3.11 ± 0.54 to 11.77 ± 0.75 minutes and more than 96% of drug undergo dissolution within 30 minutes which meet compendial specifications. These results indicated that all generic ciprofloxacin HCl tablets included in this investigation were good in quality and meet compendial specificationsItem Promoting Rights of the Extreme Socially Excluded People for Effective Hiv/Aids Intervention(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Rahman, Syed MizanurThis is a exploratory study on the project titled Promoting Right of the Extreme Socially Excluded People (PRESEP), aimed to work with the most potential risk population of the target area like female commercial sex workers (FCSW) in brothel, street and hotel settings, transgender, intravenous drug users (IDU), male having sex with male (MSM) and persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA). They are stigmatized and discriminated for their (often perceived) psychosexual behavior and activities, which has got social disapproval. However stigma, discrimination and violation of human rights restrict them to access to general social services like health and education. Therefore, they suffer from the common diseases (due to lack of information and services) including sexually transmitted infections (STI), HIV/AIDS, and they pass the risks of those to their spouses and their surrounding population. But the purpose of the PRESEP has given clear direction that `selected marginalized communities capable in demanding their rights related to accessing information, civil amenities, health and education and the society is compassionate and understanding to respect their human dignity and support in realization of human rights for the marginalized community. The study shows that by developing self-esteem at individual level and capacity building for organizational development can improve overall situation including HIV/AIDS positively.Item Performance Evaluation of Different Brands of Chlorpheniramine Maleate (Antihistamine) Tablets Available in Bangladesh(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Zaman, KH Ahammad Uz; Sultana, Sharifa; Deepa, Kanij Nahar; Akter, SathiIn Bangladesh, at present about 60 pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing 90 brands of Chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets. This project work has been designed to evaluate & report the quality & stability of some marketed Chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets available in Bangladesh. The selected brands were assayed spectrophotometrically and their physical parameters (weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution rate) were analyzed according to the official (BP/ USP) pharmacopial methods to evaluate their quality. The results showed that 7 brands of tablets meet the USP specification of potency and the remaining one brand was highly potent. All but one brands showed good results when they were tested for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time, It is evident from the study that most of the brand tested showed good result but few of them are substandard. So more steps and effective measures should be taken by the authority to ensure quality medicine.Item Evaluation of The Effect of Temperature For Ready to Eat Deep Fried Ethnic Snacks Aluchure Made By Using Potato Starch- Chick Pea’s Flour-Rice Flake And Pea Nut(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Hossain, Md Bellal; Huq, M. M.; F Hoque, KM; Akter, Jeasmin; Goon, S.aluchure is an ethnic ready to eat complementary snacks and produced in large quantities in Bangladesh, which are one of the major sources of protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrate respectively. The study was proposed on developed high energy complementary snacks from the blends of chick pea flour and potato starch using deep fried cooking. Cultivars of chick pea was selected and milled into flours. Using the response surface methodology, the blends of potato starch and cowpea flours at 70:30 was prepared batter for aluchure noodles using mechanical press type extrusion machine. The suitable hardness of aluchure fried at 170° C for 40 min as compared to higher temperature (180°C) and highest mean sensory scores for color (7.14), fried odor (7.21) and overall quality (7.21). The study showed that frying of aluchure up to 180 oC level for 40 min was the best sensory acceptability. The deep frying temperature affected the recovery of batter noodles (p<0.001) may be due to higher starch in case of sample frying at 170 and 180°C. Also the study revealed that fried cooking parameters used in this study significantly affected the frying parameters (p<0.05).Item Comparative Quality Evaluation of Different Brands of Frusemide Tablets Available in Bangladeshi Market(Daffodil International University, 2014-07-01) Sultana, Sharifa; Deepa, Kanij Nahar; Zaman, KH Ahammad Uz; Yesmin, NafisaFrusemide is a widely produced and marketed drug by many Pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. The performance evaluation (Namely, some physical parameters, potency, disintegration and dissolution profile), of Frusemide tablets from six different pharmaceutical companies was carried out in order to find out whether they really complied the required standards. As a part of evaluation of physical parameters, the size and shape, specially, thickness of representative samples of each pharmaceutical companies were evaluated and they were found to be uniform. The tablets from all the companies successfully passed the friability test as the % of friability of all of them were found to be way below one. Out of the tablets of six evaluated pharmaceutical companies, the potency of Frusemide tablets from five companies was found to be satisfactory and one was poor. The disintegration time of tablets from all the companies were found to be satisfactory. The minimum disintegration time was found to be 2.50 minute and the maximum disintegration was found to be 5 minutes. The dissolution profile of the representative sample was determined. The profiles for all the companies were satisfactory. The best profile was showed 90.42% at 45 minutes and 92.50% at 50 minutes.