Dept. of Agroforestry And Environment

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AGRO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF GIMA KALMI UNDER GHORA NEEM AND IPIL-IPIL BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2011-07) ISLAM, MD. NURUL; Dr. Md. Alamgir Hasan
An experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Research Farm of the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period from 5" April to 20" May, 2009 to investigate the canopy shade effect of ghora neem and ipil-ipil trees, different levels of fertilizer and plant densities on the growth and yield of Gima Kalmi (Jpomoea reptans). There were three canopy orientations viz., no canopy, ghora neem canopy (Melia azedarach) and ipil-ipil canopy (Leucaena leucocephala), four levels of fertilizer viz. no fertilizer, recommended fertilizer, 20% and 40% less than the recommended fertilizer, three levels of plant density viz., 30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm as treatments of the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Performance of Gima Kalmi grown under no canopy, ghora neem canopy and ipil-ipil canopy were evaluated. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, fresh weight of foliage per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare grown under ghora neem and ipil-ipil canopy showed significantly reduction than those grown in no canopy. The ranked order of different canopy shade for better performance were no canopy > ghora neem canopy > ipil-ipil canopy. In combined effects of different canopies and different levels of fertilizer the highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, fresh weight foliage per plant, yield per plot were 28.89 cm, 78.79, 11.59, 87.79 g were found in no canopy with recommended fertilizers. The combined effects of different canopy and different plant densities on the growth and yield of Gima Kalmi did not show any remarkable variation among the parameters. The combined effects of different plant densities and different levels of fertilizer showed significant variation on the growth and yield of Gima Kalmi. The highest plant height (25.30 cm), number of leaves per plant (68.17), number of branches per plant (10.02), fresh weight foliage per plant (72.04 g) were recorded in 30 cm x 15 cm with recommended fertilizers. The combined effects of different canopy shade, plant densities and different levels of fertilizer resulted statistically significant on the growth and yield of Gima kalmi. The highest plant height (30.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (78.80), number of branches per plant (12.90) were found in recommended fertilizers, 30 cm x 30 cm plant density in open condition i.e. no canopy. The yield per plot and yield per hectare (1.26 kg and 12.60 t) were recorded in recommended fertilizers with 30 cm x 15 cm plant density in open condition i.e. no canopy, respectively. In terms of benefit-cost ratio, the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.28) was recorded from ghora neem + Gima Kalmi based agroforestry system followed by ipil-ipil + Gima Kalmi based agroforestry system than in sole cropping (no canopy, open field condition). So, Gima Kalmi can profitably be cultivated in ghora neem based agroforestry systems.
AGRO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ONION UNDER KALO KOROI, GHORA NEEM AND IPIL-IPIL BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2014-12) ROY, JOY PROKASH; Md. Hafiz All Amin
A field experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during November 2013 to April 2014 to evaluate the agro-economic performance of onion under kalo koroi, gora neem and ipil-ipil based agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted in newly established orchard of multipurpose tree species namely Albizia lebbeck (Kalo koroi), Melia azedarach (Ghora neem) and Leucaena leucocephala) (Ipil-ipil). The tree saplings were planted at the spacing (3 mx3 m) and the orchard was 8 years old. A popular local onion variety Taherpuri was used for the study. The experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The results of the research revealed that effect of trees was significant in respect of plant height at 30,45,60 and 75 days after transplanting (DAT), number of leaf/plant at 30,45 and 75 DAT except 60 DAT, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh, bulb diameter, bulb fresh and dry weight and bulb yield (t/ha). In initial stage 30 DAT the tallest plant (24.27 cm) was recorded in Ipil-Ipil + onion based agroforestry system (AFS). Consequently, the shortest plant was observed (20.07 cm) in sole cropping of onion (To). In final stage at 75 DAT the tallest plant height 51.01 cm was found under Ipil-Ipil + onion based AFS followed by Ghora neem + onion based AFS (49.83 cm). On the other hand the shortest plant height 44.83 cm was recorded in sole cropping of onion. At 30 DAT, the maximum number of leaves palnt’ 4.80 was recorded under ipil-ipil + onion based agroforestry production system. Apparently, the minimum number of leaves plant’ (3.77 at 30 DAT) was observed in open field i.e. onion sole cropping production. The highest bulb diameter (4.40 cm) was vi measured in sole cropping of onion production and the lowest bulb diameter (3.85 cm) was measured under ipil-ipil based agroforestry production system which was similar to that of T (3.87 cm) and T, (3.92 cm), respectively. The highest fresh weight of bulb plant”! (27.04 g) was found in open field i.e. sole cropping of onion followed by (25.33 g) kalo koroi + onion based agroforestry production system, respectively. The highest benefit-cost ratio of 3.58 was recorded from kalo koroi + onion based agroforestry production system followed by ipil-ipil + onion based agroforestry production system and ghora neem + onion based agroforestry production system. The lowest benefit-cost ratio of 2.56 was observed in i.e. in sole cropping of onion. Finally, onion can be cultivated profitably in kalo koroi based agroforestry production systems.
AGROFORESTRY STATUS AND ITS IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD OF CHAR LAND FARMERS IN NILPHAMARI DISTRICT
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) ISLAM, MD. SHAFIQUL; Professor Dr. Md. Shafiqul Bari
The present study was conducted among the char land area of two Upazila namely Jaldhaka and Dimla of Nilphamari district of Bangladesh to find the agroforestry status and its impact on the livelihood of charland farmers. A total sample of 100 (50 from each Upazila) farmers were selected randomly for data collection. Data were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statistics, mathematical and statistical techniques. Majority of the respondent family (56 %) were in the age category of middle aged (years) which are considered as the most active and working group. Most of the respondents can sign only category of education level (53 %) in the study areas. Majority of them have (62 %) were medium knowledge with mean score 22.8 with a standard deviation of 10.59 of the knowledge of agroforestry. Better part of the respondents were found to consume fruit and rest of them engaged in fruit distribution and sale. More than 53 % of these charland farmers had sign only educational level; therefore they have not enough knowledge about the benefit of medicinal plants of homestead agroforestry. The highest percentage of respondents assigned/involved in various management practices i.e. seed collection, watering, weed control, maturing, fertilization, pruning and insecticide spray in the study area. The extension workers in the charland did not have enough facilities to communicate (information from UAO AEO, SAAO, NGOs, GD, participation in field day, TV, Radio and newspaper, leaflet, bulletin) for the development of homestead agroforestry. Among the respondents, 95% (highest) and 6% (lowest) were mango and tamarindus tree farmer respectively. The highest (39%) of respondents was found eucalyptus with ranked 1 and lowest (4%) of respondents was found east African mehogony and banyan tree and then the ranked (11) were same. Results shows that the highest (68%) of respondent family were lal shak and ranked 1 and lowest (10%) of respondents was cultivated cucumber, ridge gourd and cauliflower vegetable at home and then the ranked (18) were same species diversity in homestead agroforestry. Most of the respondents faced problems damaged by animals such as cattle, goat, etc. (36 %), not faced any problems (8 %). This problem was hindrance to improve the homestead agroforestry. Need proper homestead agroforestry knowledge about planting trees, the extension workers and also the members of NGOs can play a crucial role to overcome this problem. The respondents faced different problems that were created looser financially in the homestead agroforestry. The relationship between tree knowledge of respondent family and their knowledge of agroforestry status was 0.814**. Based on the computed ‘r’ value the relationship between tree knowledge of respondent and knowledge of agroforestry was significant at 0.01 level of significance and followed a positive relationship. The good quality seeds/ seedlings, fertilizer and plant protection should be available. Seed collection was very important component of agriculture and all of the respondents' economy was agrobased. The homestead owner should be trained by the GOs or NGOs about homestead agroforestry knowledge. Providing suggestion by extension workers, training and loan to execute GOs and NGOs of their char land farmer homestead agroforestry knowledge.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis ON SEED GERMINATION, GROWTH AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF RICE
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-06) MARUF, MD. FEDA HASAN; Professor Dr. Md. Shafiqul Bari
Two experiments were carried out at the Agroforestry and Environment laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during 1st March 2016 to 31st July 2016 to find out the response of three rice varieties againist Eucalyptus camaldulensis allelopathic effect. For germination 1st, three rice varieties (Hybrid, BRRI Dhan 29 and BRRI Dhan 28) were sterilized in sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes and finally rinsed with distilled water which were used as control at room temperature. Then seeds were placed in petridish which were tested in four allelopathic levels (0, 10, 15 and 20% concentration of eucalyptus leaf extract). The germination of all rice varieties were delayed and percentage of germination were reduced with increasing the level of eucalyptus leaf extract concentration compared to control. Shoot and root growth, and root number. Results on germination and seedling growth indicate that hybrid was more tolerant and BRRI Dhan 28 was more sensitive varieties to alletopathy effect of eucalyptus leaf. For determining yield contributing characters and yield of three rice varieties (Hybrid, BRRI Dhan 29, BRRI Dhan 28), another experiments were carried out at Agroforestry field of HSTU, Dinajpur during 1st March, 2016 to 31st July, 2016. Here 36 pots were used for planting seedling where the surface area of each pot was 0.14m2 . After 3 days of showing seedling in pots, seedlings overcome transplanting shock. Then the treatment were started after 7 days interval by using 0, 10, 15 and 20% concentration of eucalyptus leaf extract. Most of the growth and physiological characters viz, plant height, shoot length, root length, number of leaves, number of tiller, plant height at harvest time, number of tiller/ hill, number of effective tiller/ hill, number of sterile tiller/ hill, penicle length, weight of grain/panicle, number of spikelet/ panicle, number of unfilled grain/ panicle, number of filled grain/ panicle were performed better at control condition and showed the lowest performance in respect of all the treatments (10, 15 and 20% eucalyptus leaf extract) condition. More concentration of eucalyptus leaf extracts gave more inhabition on both yield contributing characters and yield of rice. The highest number of fill grain per panicle (139.6) was found in control whereas the lowest (111.8) was found at 20% leaf extract concentration. Again, among the three varieties of rice hybrid gave the highest fill grain per panicle (126.3) whereas BRRI Dhan 28 gave the lowest (120.7). Therefore, hybrid rice performed better in association with eucalyptus leaf extract than the other varieties (BRRI Dhan 29 and BRRI Dhan 28). So for eucalyptus plus rice based cropland agroforestry system, the amount of eucalyptus leaf present in the field and the variety of rice should be considered.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF FOUR AGROFORESTRY TREE SPECIES ON THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF TWO WHEAT VARIETIES
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-06) ROKONUZZAMAN, MD.; Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
An experiment was conducted at the research field of Agroforestry and Environment Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during the period of November 2016 to March 2017 to find out the allelopathic effect of four tree species on the germination, root architecture, shoot growth and yield of two wheat varieties (BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-28). There were five treatments including control viz. T1 (Ghora neem tree leaf), T2 (Ipil- ipil tree leaf), T3 (Mango tree leaf), T4 (Sada koroi tree leaf) and T5 (only water; Control). There were two experiments; Experiment-1 was done in laboratory condition to test the allelopathic effect of four tree species on the germination of tested wheat varieties in Petridis and Experiment-2 was done in field condition to find out the allelopathic effect of trees on the germination, growth root architecture and yield. The concentration used in the laboratory experiment for each dry leaf powder was 5%. In case of field experiment 20g dry leaf powder were mixed in each experimental plot of size 1.5ft × 1.5ft. In case of laboratory experiment, germination percentage of BARI Gom-27 was highest (95%) in Control condition followed by Sada koroi leaf extract (60%), Mango leaf extract (40%), Ipil-ipil leaf extract (45%) and lowest percentage (20%) was found in Ghora neem leaf extract. In the same way, in case of BARI Gom- 28, the highest germination percentage (90%) was recorded in Control treatment, followed by Sada koroi leaf extract (39%), Ipil ipil leaf extract (33%), Mango leaf extract (30%) and lowest (21%) was recorded in Ghora neem leaf extract. Again in field experiment, BARI Gom-27 gave the highest (88.16%) germination in Control treatment followed by Ipil-ipil tree leaf extract (84.1%), Mango tree leaf extract (82.36%), Sada koroi leaf extract (78.88%) and lowest germination percentage (77%) was found in Ghora neem leaf extract. Likewise, germination percentage of BARI Ghom-28 was found highest (85.26%) in Control and lowest (73.66%) was found in Sada koroi leaf extract. In BARI Gom-27, the highest yield (2047.61kg/ha) was observed in Control followed by Sada koroi leaf extract (1666.67 kg/ha), Ipil-ipil leaf extract (1380.09 kg/ha), Mango leaf extract (1238.09 kg/ha) and lowest (1000 kg/ha) was in Ghora neem leaf extract. In the same way in case of BARI Gom-28 the highest (1857.14 kg/ha) yield was recorded in Control followed by Sada koroi leaf extract (1523.81 kg/ha), Ipil-ipil leaf extract (1285.71kg/ha), Mango leaf extract (1190.47 kg/ha) and lowest (1095.23 kg/ha) was in Ghora neem leaf extract. Finally it can be concluded that among the two wheat varieties, BARI Gom-27 gave good result in respect to the allelopathic of the tested four tree species. Among the four tested tree species, Sada koroi leaf extract was less allelopathic effect on wheat. So, BARI Gom-27 can be cultivated in association with Sada koroi tree. I think both BARI Gom-27 and 28 can be growth under sada koroi because 1.6 t/ha in 27 1.5 t/ha in statistically no difference.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF Albizia lebbeck, Leucaenea leucocephala, Melia azedarach AND Litchi chinensis ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2010-08) PARVIN, ROZINA; Dr. Md. Shafiqul Bari
A pot experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University during May 2009 to July 2009 to observe the allelopathic effects of Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Melia azedarach and Litchi chinensis on two agricultural crops viz: mungbean and soybean. There were four experiments and each experiment had five treatments viz: T; (top soil); T, (root zone soil); T3 (soil mulched with dry leaf); Ty (soil watered with aqueous leaf extract); T; (control/fresh garden soil). The experiments were laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results of the present studies revealed that inhibition of germination and growth parameters of mungbean and soybean were varied according to different parts of plants and soil from different place. Incase of Albizia lebbeck the allelopathic effects of the treatments were as the following order: T, (soil watered with aqueous leaf extract) > T (root zone soil) >T; (soil mulched with dry leaf>T, (top soil)>T, (control / fresh garden soil); For Leucaena leucocephala: T, (soil watered with aqueous leaf extract)>T, (top soil)>T; (soil mulched with dry leaf) >T; (control / fresh garden soil) >T, (root zone soil ); For Melia azedarach: T> (root zone soil) >T3 (soil mulched dry leaf) >T, (soil watered with aqueous leaf extract >T; (top soil > T; control / fresh garden soil; For Litchi chinensis:T3 (soil mulched with dry leaf)>T, (soil watered with aqueous leaf extracts)>T, (top soil)>T2 (root zone soil)>T; (control/fresh garden soil). Among the four tree species Leucaena leucocephala has little stimulatory effects on mungbean and soybean. In agroforestry system, Leucaena leucochephala is a better choice as compared to the other tree species like Albizia lebbeck, Melia azedarach and Litchi chinensis. Although, Melia azedarach is well-known for its biological activities in many countries, the inhibitory effects were also observed. However, the allelopathic effects of the trees on the tested crops were as the following the order: Litchi chinensis > Albizia lebbeck> Melia azedarach> Leucaena leucocephala. Among the different parts of the trees, fresh leaf extracts had more inhibitory effects as compared to the other parts of trees like root and dry leaf.
ASSESSING FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF CROPLAND AGROFORESTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2025-06) HOSSEN, MD. FORHAD; Rahman, Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur; Hanif, Prof. Dr. Md. Abu
Agroforestry serves as a vital strategy for enhancing climate resilience, conserving biodiversity, and sustaining rural livelihoods in northern Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate farmers‘ perceptions of climate change, the role of agroforestry practices in mitigating its impacts, and the contribution of cropland agroforestry to carbon sequestration. The research was conducted from February to May 2025 in five villages of Sundorpur Union under Kaharole Upazila, Dinajpur district. A total of 63 cropland agroforestry farms covering 2.52 hectares were randomly selected. Semi-structured interviews captured demographic and socioeconomic data, while biophysical data were collected from 20 m × 20 m quadrats. Findings revealed that farmers were experiencing climate-related stresses such as drought, rising temperatures, and irregular rainfall. Consequently, 71.43% reported increased irrigation demand, 52.4% cited rising input costs, and 30.16% experienced reduced crop yields due to climate change. Biophysical assessments recorded 13 woody perennial species comprising 715 individual trees. Areca catechu showed the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) at 69.08%, followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis (56.12%) and Swietenia macrophylla (50.79%). Biodiversity indices indicated moderate diversity, with a Shannon–Wiener index of 1.84 and Margalef‘s richness index of 1.521. Swietenia macrophylla had the highest basal area (10.6 m²/ha), while Areca catechu had the highest stand density (104.37 individuals/ha). Eucalyptus camaldulensis contributed most to above-ground biomass (52.27 Mg ha⁻ ¹), followed by Swietenia macrophylla (23.89 Mg ha⁻ ¹). The total woody biomass was estimated at 133.00 Mg ha⁻ ¹, with a total carbon stock of 66.50 Mg C ha⁻ ¹. Despite these benefits, adoption of cropland agroforestry is limited by inadequate training, weak institutional support, and resource competition. Nevertheless, farmers recognized its potential in climate adaptation and ecosystem enhancement, highlighting the need for targeted policy support, capacity building, and continued research to strengthen its adoption under changing climatic conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF MANGO BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF AMORPUR, VIAL AND PUNOTTI UNIONS IN CHIRIRBANDAR UPAZILA OF DINAJPUR DISTRICT
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2025-06) ROY, POPY; Bari, Prof. Dr. Md. Shafiqul; Rahman, Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur
This study conducted in Amorpur, Vial, and Punotti Unions of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh, aimed to assess the mango-based agroforestry systems by examining farmers' socio-economic characteristics, adoption of management practices, economic performance, associated problems, and extension media contact. A total of 38 farmers practicing mango-based agroforestry were selected through a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, range). The findings revealed that most respondent farmers were middle-aged (mean 42.5 years) with primary to secondary level education. The average family size was 6 persons, and the mean farm size was 1.5 hectares, with significant portions dedicated to own cultivation and homestead agroforestry. Annual family income averaged BDT 350,000, predominantly from agricultural sources. Farmers exhibited a generally high level of agroforestry knowledge (mean 3.05 on a 4-point scale). Regarding adoption, the average area under mango based agroforestry was 0.75 hectares, with a mean practice duration of 8 years, indicating sustained engagement. Adoption of improved mango varieties and air layering was rapid and widespread. However, the use of hormones and mulching showed polarized adoption patterns, with half of the farmers not adopting these practices or adopting them significantly later. Intercropping, a core practice, showed a phased but substantial adoption. Economic analysis indicated an average material cost of BDT 85,000 per hectare, with fertilizers and pesticides forming the largest share. Farmers generally held positive attitudes towards the profitability and long-term returns of mango-based agroforestry, while perceiving its complexity and maintenance costs as manageable. Key problems identified included "Lack of proper training facility," "Lack of skilled labor," "Disease infestation," "Problems of irrigation in dry season," "High price of fertilizer," and "Lack of improved seedlings," all reported by over 70% of respondents. "Litter fall" was also a concern for half the farmers. Farmers primarily relied on direct human contact (SAAO, model owners, neighbors) and "Watching TV Programmes" for agricultural information. Printed materials and NGOs had significantly limited reach. The study concludes that mango based agroforestry is a well-established and economically attractive system in the region, sustained by a knowledgeable farming community. However, its full potential is hindered by persistent challenges related to technical knowledge gaps, labor, and specific inputs, coupled with underutilized formal extension channels. Recommendations include strengthening agroforestry-specific training programs, addressing skilled labor shortages, enhancing access to quality inputs, improving marketing infrastructure, promoting community-based solutions for animal grazing, and diversifying extension media channels, particularly leveraging digital platforms. These interventions are crucial for fostering a more resilient, productive, and economically viable mango-based agroforestry sector in Dinajpur District.
BIO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CUCUMBER UNDER DIFFERENT TREE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MULCHING
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-12) BEGUM, LUCKY; Md. Hafiz All Amin
A field experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during April to July 2017 to evaluate the performance of cucumber cv. Hybrid geeen bird, Hybrid shezade and Local sufola variety under different tree based agroforestry systems along with sole cropping i.e. open field condition. The experiment was conducted in existing 12 years established tree woodlot. The experiment was laid out in two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factor A: four production system viz. T1 (Cucumber sole cropping), T2 (kalo koroi + cucumber), T3 (ghora neem + cucumber) and T4 (mango + cucumber), on the other hand factor B: three cucumber varieties viz. V1 (Hybrid green bird), V2 (Hybrid shehzade) and V3 (local sufola variety). So the treatment combinations were T1 v1, T1 v2, T1 v3, T2 v1, T2 v2, T2 v3, T3 v1, T3 v2, T3 v3, T4 v1, T4 v2 and T4 V3. The unit plot size was 2.5m × 2.5m (6.25 m2 ). Seeds of cucumber were sown in 4 May, 2017. Necessary intercultural operations were done effectively. Albiza lebbeck, Melia azedarach and Mangifera indica tree leaf biomass 2.5kg was used in each experimental plot as organic mulching in agroforestry system except the control treatment. All the organic mulching materials were applied in 15 days after seed germination in the experimental plots. The experimental result revealed that in case of production system significantly the highest fruit weight plant-1 (489.0g) and fruit yield (11.37 tha-1 ) was found in cucumber in sole cropping production system and lowest fruit weight plant-1 (1.667 g) and fruit yield (2.667 tha-1 ) was recorded in cucumber + ghora neem based agroforestry production system. Again in case of varietal performance the highest cucumber fruit yield (7.02 t ha-1 ) was found in (hybrid green bird) followed by (5.64 t ha-1 ) hybrid shehzade and the lowest fruit yield (4.24 t ha-1 ) was observed in local sufola. The highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.68 was recorded from cucumber + kalo koroi (T2) based agroforestry production system followed by cucumber sole cropping production system 2.48 and cucumber + mango (T4) 2.36 based agroforestry production system and the lowest benefit-cost ratio of 2.02 was observed in cucumber + ghora neem (T3) based agroforestry production system. So, cucumber can profitably be cultivated in kalo koroi based agroforestry production systems.
Carbon Sequestration Potentiality in Three Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh under Different Agroforestry Systems
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) NONY, MOBASWARATUN JANNAT; Prof. Dr. Md. Shafiqul Bari
A field study was conducted to evaluate the carbon sequestration potentiality in different agroforestry systems in the northern part of Bangladesh, Dinajpur districts during October, 2018 to March, 2019. The experiment was laid out in three agro-ecological zones; AEZ 1-Old Himalayan piedmont plain (Birganj), AEZ 3-Tista meander flood plain (Parbotipur) and AEZ 25-Level barind tract (Dinajpur sadar). The Experimental plot was selected randomly in different locations from each experimental unit (AEZ), in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were: Factor A- five agroforestry systems like homestead, eucalyptus and mahogany cropland based, mango and litchi orchards based agroforestry system and Factor B- three AEZs like AEZ 1, AEZ 3 and AEZ 25. Data were recorded from tree growing parameters (height, diameter at breast height) and under storied vegetation (herbs, shrubs and crops) to estimate the total biomass accumulation and also soil carbon was estimated. In case of the main effect of different agroforestry system on carbon sequestrations, it was observed that there was significantly difference in respect of tree height (m), DBH (cm), no of tree per hectare, under storey vegetation and soil carbon stock (t/ha). The highest total carbon sequestrations (563.12 t/ha) was recorded from homestead agroforestry systems and the lowest (64.66 t/ha) was obtained from mahogany cropland based agroforestry system. In case of soil carbon sequestration, eucalyptus based cropland agroforestry system sequestrated the highest amount (29.92 t/ha) of carbon and mango based orchard agroforestry sequestrated the lowest amount (25.67 t/ha) of carbon. The main effect of agro-ecological zones (AEZ) on carbon sequestrations also significantly varied. The highest amount of carbon (307.56 t/ha) was sequestrated by AEZ 25 and the lowest (159.68 t/ha) was from AEZ 3. Again, in the interaction effect of AEZ and agroforestry systems on carbon sequestrations, the highest carbon sequestration capacity (676.27 t/ha) was found in S1T1 (AEZ 1 + homestead agroforestry system) and the lowest (43.87 t/ha) was found in S2T3 (AEZ 3 + mahogany based cropland agroforestry system). The findings of this study concluded that among the five agroforestry systems, homestead agroforestry system sequestrated more carbon and a better option for reducing atmospheric carbon. Again, among the three AEZs, AEZ 25 gave the maximum carbon sequestration potentiality. In case of economic value of carbon sequestration, homestead agroforestry system also gave the maximum (29558.5 $/ha) monetary return. Therefore, emphasis should be given in homestead agroforestry systems to get better ecological impact in the northern region of Bangladesh. Moreover, judicious tree plantation program should be done in AEZ3 and AEZ 1 for the equilibrium carbon sequestration capacity among different AEZs.
COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF KAHAROLE UPAZILA OF DINAJPUR DISTRICT
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-12) ROY, PARAMA RANI; Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
A study was carried out to evaluate the benefits and costs of homestead, cropland and orchard agroforestry systems of Kaharole Upazila under Dinajpur District of Bangladesh. An extensive field survey and measurements were conducted during July 2017 to January 2018 at different unions and villages of Kaharole Upazila. A multistage random sampling procedure was followed in this study to select the survey area. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for collecting the benefits and costs data. A total of 60 agroforestry practices including 20 homesteads, 20 orchards and 20 croplands were evaluated for cost and benefit analysis. Normality test of income and cost data was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Three years costs and income data were collected from the field survey. Linear regression equation was obtained by using trend line in MS Excel to forecast seven years of gross income and production cost data of different agroforestry systems. Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was determined upto ten years. Results of the production cost analysis showed that significantly maximum production cost was in orchard agroforestry system (Tk. 98987 per ha.) followed by cropland (Tk. 90238 per ha.) and minimum in homestead system (Tk. 10854 per ha.) in the 1st year. But production cost decreasing trend was recorded in the successive years in all the systems. In case of gross income analysis showed that though initial income was significantly lower in orchard agroforestry followed by cropland and homestead but after tenth year higher income was found in orchard agroforestry system (Tk. 564758 per ha.) followed by cropland (Tk. 251914 per ha) and homestead ((Tk. 234234 per ha) agroforestry system. However the net income indicated that orchard agroforestry system was financially more profitable than cropland and homestead agroforestry systems, but the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was higher in homestead as well as cropland agroforestry systems and lower in orchard agroforestry system. The findings suggest that orchard agroforestry as well as homestead systems are economically more profitable than cropland agroforestry system.
DIVERSITY AND USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AMONG THE PEOPLE LIVING AROUND SAL FOREST, DINAJPUR
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) PARVIN , MST. SANCHITA; Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
Nawabganj Sal forests of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh to identify the diversity and uses of medicinal plants and to realize the local dependency and healthcare pattern. The field survey was undertaken from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 100 informants between 15-75 years old were interviewed with a questionnaire. The independent variables of the study were age, occupation, sex, education, family size, income knowledge about medicinal plants, extinct medicinal plants, medicinal plants present in respondents house, the reason of choosing medicinal plants, source knowledge of medicinal plants and the dependent variable was dependency on medicinal plants. The overall results of the study revealed that the maximum number of respondents (30%) belonged to below 30 years old and the minimum number of respondents (4%) were older than 70 years old. Among them 66% male and 34% female. The educational status was found the maximum (35%) in both primary and secondary level and minimum (6%) was found as above secondary level. Among the occupational status, most of the respondents would like to do agricultural work (56%) whereas the lowest number of the respondents (1%) was under student category. The current investigation identified a total of 30 medicinal plant species used for different ailments. Among them Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Basok (Justicia adhatoda), Gada ful (Calendula officinalis), Narikel (Cocos nucifera), Tetul (Tamarindus indica), Ada (Zingiber officinale), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Durba ghas (Cynodon dactylon), Thankuni (Cissus quadrangularil), Anaros (Ananas sativus) etc were popular and the people living around sal forests highly used these medicinal plants for the remedies of their ailments. Besides that the respondents also grew necessary medicinal plants in their house like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Gada ful (Calendula officinalis), Paan (Piper betel), Basok (Justicia adhatoda) etc. The survey results also showed that there was extinction of some medicinal plants, among them Ulot kombol (Abroma augusta) was highest (66%) in percentage for extinction. The research revealed that 61% respondents sought kaviraj for their disease treatment. The survey also showed that most of the people (46%) choose medicinal plants for their primary health care because of the effectiveness of the medicinal plant, 29% emphasized medicinal plants availability, 16% on low price and 9% of people’s reasons for choosing medicinal plants are traditional uses. In case of knowledge on medicinal plants 32% had knowledge on the treatment of diseases using these medicinal plant inheritably, 32% had gathered knowledge from others, 22% sought kaviraj and 10% solve their problem by self-medication depends on many factors namely, individual responsibility for one’s health, knowledge of health problems (influence of the mass media, medical literature for non-specialists). The study result revealed the most important thing that the majority of the people living around Sal forest, Dinajpur were highly dependent (60%) on medicinal plants for their healthcare and 40% people dependent on general medicine from visiting doctors for the treatment of their diseases. The study revealed that sal forest was a good source of medicinal plants for the people. Therefore threatened species should be conserved properly to restore the forest in its original state
ECONOMIC POTENTIALITY OF TARO CV. LATIRAJ UNDER DIFFERENT MULTIPURPOSE TREE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) SUMI , UMME. SUMAIA; Md. Hafiz All Amin
A field experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during February to May2018 to evaluate the economic potentiality of taro latiraj under different multipurpose tree based agroforestry production system with control. The experiment was conducted in established MPTs woodlot. The experiment was laid out in single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The modern popular variety of taro was used in this experiment namely latiraj. The treatments were T1 (sole cropping of latiraj), T2 (latiraj + gora neem), T3 (latiraj + kalo koroi) and T4 (latiraj + mango). Seedlings of latiraj were sown in in 27th February 2018 maintaining the distance line to line 50 cm and plant to plant distance 50 cm. From growth and yield parameters, at 90 DAP the highest (87.88 cm) plant height was recorded in latiraj + gora neem based agroforestry production system and the lowest plant height (81.84 cm) was recorded in control treatment. Significantly the highest Stolon number (29.50) was noted in sole cropping of latiraj production system followed by (25.67) was collected from latiraj + kalo koroi based agroforestry production system and the lowest number of Stolon (19.17) was recorded in latiraj + mango based agroforestry production system, respectively. Significantly the highest Stolon yield (10.08 tha-1) was weighted in sole cropping of latiraj production system which was identical to (9.85 tha-1) found in latiraj + kalo koroi based agroforestry production system. On the other hand, the lowest Stolon yield (3.49 tha-1) was measured in latiraj + mango based agroforestry production system. From economic point of view, the maximum net return (425365 tk/ha) was recorded in latiraj + kalo koroi based agroforestry production system and the minimum net return (180965 tk/ha) was calculated from latiraj + mango based agroforestry production system. Finally, the highest benefitcost ratio 4.72 was recorded from latiraj + kalo koroi based agroforestry production system followed by BCR 3.73 found in latiraj sole cropping production and the lowest benefit-cost ratio 1.74 was observed in latiraj + mango based agroforestry production system. The results indicated that latiraj in association with kalo koroi returned 4.72 taka in investment of 1 taka in a hectare of land for one year. Finally, this finding may help to progress the latiraj production in the vacant space of multipurpose partial shaded trees specially in Albizia lebbeck.
EFFECT OF BARK AND STEM EXUDATES OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. ON THREE AGRICULTURAL CROPS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-06) SARMIN, ISRAT JAHAN; Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
A study was conducted in the the Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during October 2016 to March 2017. There were two experiments in the study. Experiment 1 was conducted to find out the effect of bark and stem exudates of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on the three agricultural crops in laboratory condition. There were three concentrations of bark and stem seperately viz., 10%, 25%, 50% and a control (only water). Experiment 2 was conducted with 50% concentration of bark and stem exudates in the field condition of 1m x 1m plot size. In both experiments three agricultural crops namely Maize (Zea mays), Country bean (Lablab purpureus) and Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) were taken to satisfy the objectives of the study. Designs of laboratory and field experiments were CRD and RCBD with three replications, respectively. Results of laboratory experiment showed that 50% concentration of both bark and stem exudates of E. camaldulensis inhibited more in germination of all three tested crops compared to other concentrations. Bark exudates of E. camaldulensis showed germination percentage 24.74% in Maize, 31% in Country bean and 54.33% in Bottle gourd over control and stem exudates of E. camaldulensis showed germination percentage 35.36% in Maize, 37.33% in Country bean and 45.67% in Bottle gourd over control. The results indicated that inhibition increases with the increase of concentration. In case of field experiments, both bark and stem exudates of E. camaldulensis also inhibited the germination of the three tested crop. Application of 50% concentration of E. camaldulensis bark exudates showed germination percentage 52.0% in Maize, 34.33% in Country bean and 50.0 % in Bottle gourd over control and 50% stem exudates showed germination percentage 40% in Maize, 19.67% in Country bean and 40% in Bottle gourd over control. Morphological parameters like plant height (cm), collar diameter (mm),central root length (cm), no. of first order lateral roots showed significantly higher growth in control over bark and stem exudates in all the tested crops at both the laboratory and field experiments. Similar results were recorded for biomass allocation like shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), total dry weight (g), shoot/root ratio and quality index. From the results of laboratory experiment it is also indicated that though both bark and stem exudates inhibited the germination of Maize, Country bean and Bottle gourd in different rates but inhibition by stem exudates is less compared to bark exudates of respective crops except bottle gourd. In the field experiment, inhibition by bark exudates is less compared to stem exudates of respective crops.Consequently, germination speed of tested crops was more in control than bark and stem exudates of E. camaldulensis due to the inhibitory effect. From the overall result it can be concluded that in addition to the allelopathic effect of leaf and root of E. camaldulensis, bark and stem have also allelopathic effect on the agricultural crops which inhibited more in laboratory compared to field condition. This effect may be minimized through proper management of the agroforestry field by removing the fallen bark and stem residues.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND ORGANIC MANURING ON CARROT PRODUCTION UNDER LITCHI BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-12) RAHMAN, MD. MOSTAFIJUR; Prof. Dr. Md. Shafiqul Bari
A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during December 2015 to March 2016 to evaluate the growth and yield performance of carrot cv. New kuroda influenced by the applications of different chemical fertilizer and organic manuring under litchi based agroforestry systems along with sole cropping i.e. open field condition. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factor A: Four chemical and organic fertilizer applications viz. F1 = Control (no fertilizer), F2 = Full chemical, F3 = Cowdung + Poultry and F4 = Cowdung. On the other hand factor B was Two Production system viz. S1 = Sole cropping of carrot and S2 = Carrot cultivation at the floor of Litchi orchard i.e. Litchi + carrot. So the treatment combinations were: F1 S1, F1 S2, F2 S1, F2 S2, F3S1, F3S2, F4S1 and F4S2. The main effect of chemical and organic fertilizer applications on growth, yield contributing characters and yield of carrot was found significant in response of plant height, number of leaves plant-1 , fresh leaves weight plant-1 , fresh root weight, dry root weight, root diameter and yield. The plant height was measured at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) and the tallest plant height (34.37, 38.92, 42.21 and 44.54 cm) was found in the treatment where full chemical fertilizer was applied. On the other hand the shortest plant height (27.33, 30.57, 33.04 and 33.89 cm) were found in the treatment where no fertilizer was applied (control treatment). The highest carrot yield (11.86 t ha-1 ) was found in full chemical fertilizer application and the lowest carrot yield (6.93 t ha-1 ) was also found in no fertilizer treatment. Litchi based production system was sensational on growth and yield of carrot. The highest carrot yield (11.21 t ha-1 ) was found in sole cropping of carrot production system and the lowest carrot yield (7.89 t ha-1 ) was found in litchi + carrot based agroforestry production system. Significantly the highest root diameter (2.61 cm) was recorded in treatment combination of carrot sole cropping + full chemical fertilizer and the lowest root diameter (1.82 cm) was observed in treatment combination of carrot under litchi + no fertilizer. Similarly the highest carrot yield (13.14 t ha-1 ) was found in treatment combination of carrot sole cropping + full chemical fertilizer and the lowest carrot yield (5.60 t ha-1 ) was found in carrot cultivation under litchi tree + no fertilizer application treatment combination. Among the different chemical and organic fertilizer applications, full chemical fertilizer gave the highest yield at open condition as well as it performed well under litchi based agroforestry system. However, as compare to chemical fertilization, the organic manuring i.e. only cowdung application gave 15.07% yield reduction in case of open condition and 30.52% yield reduction in case of litchi + carrot based agroforestry production system. Again if we compare the yield reduction of cowdung + poultry manure as compare to chemical fertilization, then the yield reduction was 6.62% in case of sole cropping and 24.29% in case of litchi + carrot based agroforestry production system. So, in the context of chemical free safe carrot production with the benefit of environment as well as soil health then carrot may be cultivated using cowdung + poultry manure at the both floor of litchi orchard or sole cropping.
EFFECT OF COMPOST ON GROWTH AND ROOT ARCHITECTURE OF Melia azedarach L. SEEDLINGS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-06) RABBANI, MD. GOLAM; Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
An experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry and Environment of Research Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during October 2016 to April 2017 to find out the effect of compost on the germination, shoot growth and root architecture of Ghora neem (Melia azedarach L.) seedlings. There were seven (07) compost preparation with control (soil) viz. T1 (kitchen waste+ cow dung), T2 (kitchen waste + poultry manure), T3 (kitchen waste+ cow dung+ poultry manure), T4 (poultry manure+ ash), T5 (poultry manure+ ash+ saw dust), T6 (poultry manure+ saw dust) and T7 (only soil). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment was conducted in mud containers in the open field condition. The experimental results revealed that germination % of seed and number of germinated shoots were positively affected by different composts. Ghora neem seeds showed better germination in almost all the compost treatments except T1 compared to control. The highest germination % of Ghora neem seeds was recorded in T4 followed by T3 (50%), T6 (43.75%), T5 (37.5%), T2 (31.25%), and lowest germination percentage (25%) was recorded in treatment T1. Incase of the shoot and root morphological traits, the number of leaves and root length varied due to different composts. Other parameters of Ghora neem seedlings shoot height, root collar diameter, shoot dry biomass, root dry biomass, central root length, quality index were found statistically insignificantly. The highest number of leaves of Ghora neem seedlings was recorded in treatment of T4 and the lowest in T2. On the other hand, the highest shoot/root ratio found in T5 and the shortest length was recorded in T2. Shoot and root dry biomass was found insignificantly due to different compost application. Root architectural analyses showed that the length of first order lateral roots (FOLR) was recorded same after 1, 2 ,3 and 4 months but their diameter and number increased after 2, 3 and 4 months than that of 1 month. From the study, it can be concluded that T4 i.e. poultry manure+ ash can be used to break the dormancy of hard seed coat of Ghora neem seeds and subsequent better growth of the seedlings. So, the raise and plantation of Ghora neem seedling the compost made by poultry manure with ash may be a good manuring.
EFFECT OF DISTANCE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER TOMATO UNDER MANGO BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) AKASH, S.M. SHARIARE; Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
An experiment was carried out at farmer‟s mango orchard in Sadar upazila of Dinajpur district under the supervision of Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during March to July 2019 to evaluate the performance of summer tomato influenced by different distances from the base of the Mango tree. The experiment was conducted at ten years aged of Mango orchard (Mangifera indica). A popular tomato variety BARI Tomato-4 was selected as the experimental crop. The treatments of the experiment were T1= 45cm, T2= 85cm, T3= 125cm and T4= 165cm distance from tree base. All the intercultural operations were done 10 days before transplanting as per needed. Twenty six days old tomato seedlings were transplanted in the plots on 24 March 2019. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the research showed that the effect of various distances from mango tree base was significant in respect of plant height (cm), fruit weight plant-1 and fruit yield of tomato, respectively, price of tomato, green weight and dry weight. The highest yield (26.95 t/h) was found in case of longer distances from the Mango tree base (165cm) and the lower yield (18.57 t/h) was found in case of shorter distances from Mango tree base (45 cm). however, the other two distanced tomato plants from mango tree base (85 cm and 125 cm) also grow a considerable amount of tomato yield but degree of suitability will be as Long distance (165 cm) > Medium distances (125 cm and 85 cm) > Short distances (45 cm). Based on the finding it can be concluded that tomato (var. BARI-4) cultivation under the younger aged Mango tree (10 years) with longer distances from tree base is a good option to get both tomato and mango fruit in the same piece of land
EFFECT OF EUCALYPTUS TREE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE (BRRI dhan51)
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-12) ALAM, SHAHORIAR; Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
A field experiment was carried out at Kaharole upazila in Dinajpur district during August 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the yield variation of rice (BRRI dhan51) influenced by age and distance of eucalyptus tree. The experiment was laid out following double factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Total numbers of the experimental plots were 27 (3 ages x 3 distances x 3 replications). The treatments of the age experiment were Y1= Rice cultivation under 1 year aged eucalyptus tree, Y2 = Rice cultivation under 3 year aged eucalyptus tree, Y3 = Rice cultivation under 5 year aged eucalyptus tree. Again the treatments based on distance were D1 = Rice cultivation from 1m distance of eucalyptus tree base, D2 = Rice cultivation from 3m distance of eucalyptus tree base, D3 = Rice cultivation from 5m distance of eucalyptus tree base. Data were recorded on plant height, number of effective tiller, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, litter fall of eucalyptus (dry weight). In case of economic analysis the benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically with Statistix 10 and means were adjusted by Tukey HSD test. The results of the research revealed from age based treatment, significantly the highest plant height and litter fall of eucalyptus was recorded (106.20 cm and 41.33g) from Y3 treatment while the lowest plant height and litter fall was obtained (97cm and 20.56g) from Y1 treatment. On the other hand the highest number of effective tiller/hill, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield (17.54, 22.16g, 3.67 tha-1 , 2.77 tha-1 ) was found in Y1 treatment and the lowest number of effective tiller/hill, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield was obtained (15.85, 19.32g, 2.70 tha-1 , 2.24 tha-1 ) from Y3 treatment. Considering the distances, significantly the highest plant height and litterfall of eucalyptus was recorded (107.81cm and 53.89g) from D1treatment while the lowest plant height and litterfall was obtained (95cm and 14.67g) from D3 treatment. On the other hand the highest number of effective tiller/hill, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield (17.22, 21.42g, 3.40 tha-1 , 2.73 tha-1 ) was found in D3 treatment and the lowest number of effective tiller/hill, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield was obtained (15.88, 20.65g, 3.00 tha-1 , 2.21 tha-1 ) from D1 treatment. The result from the interaction effect of age difference and different distances from tree base, the highest plant height and litterfall of eucalyptus was recorded (112.63 cm and 60.33g) in Y3D1 treatment while the lowest plant height and litterfall was obtained (91.83 cm and 6.67g) in Y1D3 treatment. On the other hand the highest number of effective tiller/hill, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield (18.17, 22.87g, 3.9 tha-1 , 3.12 tha-1 ) was found in Y1D3 treatment and the lowest number of effective tiller/hill,1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield was obtained (15.03, 18.87g, 2.5 tha-1 , 2.01 tha-1 ) Y3D1 treatment. It was observed that rice production from Y3D3 combination gave the highest net return (164173 tkha-1 ). At the same time the lowest net return (36961 tkha-1 ) was obtain from Y1D1 combination. Higher net return was the result of higher gross return from the higher yield of rice along with the value of eucalyptus tree. The highest benefit-cost ratio 3.46 was recorded from the combination of Y3D3 and the lowest benefit-cost ratio 1.56 was obtained from Y1D1 combination of eucalyptus tree based Agroforestry system. Therefore, it may be concluded from the present study that the rice production of BRRI dhan51 was gradually increased with the increase of distance from the base of eucalyptus tree and decreased with the increase of tree age. But considering monitory return, maximum return was obtained from rice cultivation with aged eucalyptus tree due to the additional value of eucalyptus timber. Finally, it can be concluded that BRRI dhan51 is suitable for rice + eucalyptus based agroforestry.
EFFECT OF HIGHWAY’S ON BHAWAL SAL FOREST AREAS OF BANGLADESH
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-06) ABEDIN, ZOYNAL; Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
The tropical moist deciduous Sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystem of central Bangladesh is currently in a critical situation due to Dhaka-Mymensingh highway passing over the forest. The present study is an attempt to determine the major problems of Bhawal Sal forest arises due to Dhaka-Mymensingh highway by assessing soil properties and to evaluate the impact upon adjacent vegetation. The study was conducted in three different locations (selected purposively) along Dhaka-Mymensingh highway with different distances like 202m, 152m, 102m, 52m and 2m on both sides of the highway during the period of July 2017 to July 2018. Height and DBH were measured from the sample plots (10m×10m) and 500 g soil samples from the surface soil (0―20 cm) were taken and tested in laboratory. The study revealed that in Bhawal Sal forest the soil moisture content (5.87% to 12.65%), soil pH (4.2 to 5.5), soil organic carbon (0.98% to 2.41%), soil organic matter (1.68% to 4.14%), soil exchangeable nitrogen (0.03% to 0.063%), soil exchangeable phosphorous (0.11 ppm to 0.41 ppm), soil exchangeable potassium (0.12meq/100g to 0 meq/100g all the parameters were decreased with the decreasing distance from the forest to the highway and soil bulk density (1.17g/cc to1.94 g/cc) increased with the decrease in distance from the forest to the highway. Relationship between tree growth variables of Sal forest and chemical properties were found positive and they were strongly correlated with respect to each other. Again it was also observed that if the distance increases from the road to the inside of the forest, trees with increasing height and DBH were found. The Sal forest is under tremendous human interference from all sides and day by day this problem is becoming acute. So for the betterment of the degraded area, it should recover the raised problem related to highway construction.
EFFECT OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Swietenia mahagoni L. ON THREE AGRICULTURAL CROPS
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2019-06) RIMA, RUMNAZ SHAMIMA NASRIN; Professor Dr. Md. Shoaibur Rahman
A study was conducted at the Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during May to September 2018.There were two experiments in the study. Experiment one was conducted to find out the effect of leaf extracts of Swietenia mahagoni on the three agricultural crops in laboratory condition. There were three concentrations of leaf extracts viz., 1%, 2%, 3% along with a control (only water). Experiment two was conducted with 1%, 2%, 3% concentration of leaf extracts with control (only water) in the pot. In both experiments, three agricultural crops namely Chilli, (Capcicum annum), Brinjal (Solanum melangona) and Okra (Abelomoschus esculentas) were taken as test crops to satisfy the objectives of the study. Designs of laboratory and pot experiments were CRD with three replications. Results of laboratory experiment showed that 3% concentration of leaf extracts of S. mahagoni inhibited more germination of all the three tested crops compared to other concentrations. Three percentage concentrations leaf extracts of Swietenia mahagoni showed that the germination percentage were 59.10% in Chilli, 56.28% in Brinjal, and 49.20% in Okra over control. The results indicated that inhibition increases with the increase of concentration. In case of pot experiments, leaf extracts of S. mahagoni also inhibited the germination of the three tested crop. Three percentage concentrations leaf extracts of Swietenia mahagoni showed germination percentage 55.69% in Chilli, 48.26% in Brinjal, and 50.23% in Okra over control. Morphological parameters like plant height (cm) showed significantly better performance in control over leaf extracts in all the tested crops at both laboratory and pot experiments. Similar results were recorded for biomass allocation like total dry weight (g). Among the three tested crops, Chilli performed the best compared to other two crops. From the overall result it can be concluded that the allelopathic effect of leaf and root of S. mahagoni on the agricultural crops which inhibited more in laboratory compared to pot condition. This effect may be minimized through proper management of the agroforestry field by removing the fallen leaf residues.