Year 2009

Browse

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15

DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEED BORNE PATHOGENS OF IMPORTED HYBRID RICE VARIETIES IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) NURA ORA
The experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during 2008-09 according to the 1STA rules following blotter method, agar plate method and rolled paper towel method. Thirteen imported hybrids, two local hybrids and two local high yielding varieties were tested to determine the seed health status. A total of twelve pathogens were associated with the collected seeds viz. Xanthomonas spp, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Penicillum sp., Tilletia barclayana, Alternaria tenuissima, Chaetomium globosum, Phoma sp and Nigrospora sp. The incidence of different pathogens vary individually and independently among the hybrids and local varieties of rice seeds. Seed germination varied from 54.63%- 99.50% in blotter method. The incidence range of Xanthomonas spp. (0 -18.13%), Rhizopus stolonifer (0-19.75%), Aspergillus spp. (0-12.00%), Bipolaris oryzae (0- 18.00%), Curvularia lunata (0-4.25%), Penicillum sp. (0-1.75%), Tilletia barciayana (0-2.75%), Alternaria tenuissima (0-0.63%), Chaetomium globosum (0-1.25%), Phoma sp (0-0.50%) and Nigrospora sp.(0-0.25%) were detected by blotter method. Seed germination ranged from 8.25%96.38% was recorded in rolled paper towel method. Non germinated hard seed ranged from 1.63%86.50% and rotten seed 0.75%-12.00%. Post emergence mortality was observed 0-4.38% by rolled paper towel method. The vigour index ranged from 96.36%-2329.28%. The incidence range of Xanthomonas spp. (1.63%-5.13%), Rhizopus stolonifer (0-3.00%), Bipolaris oryzae (0-15.13%), Fusarium moniliforme (0-7.63%), Curvularia lunata (0-6.38%), Penicillum sp.(0-1.63%), Alternaria tenuissima (0-1.63%), Aspergillus flavus (0·6.50), Aspergillus niger (0-1.38%) sp and Nigrospora sp.(0-1.38%) was detected by agar plate method. The detected predominant pathogens were Xanthomonas spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Aspergillus sp. Fusarium moniliforme ,Rhizopus stolonifer.
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE AND SALICYLIC ACID FOR CONTROLLING LEAF SPOT AND RUST DISEASES OF GROUNDNUT
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) ISLAM, MD. SHAHIDUL
The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the period from November 2007 to April 2008 to find out the effect of fungicide and salicylic acid for controlling leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut. The variety Dhaka-l was selected for this study as a test crop. Consequently three experiments were conducted. Experiment-It Evaluation of fungicides in controlling leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut. The experiment comprised treatments- T,: Predator (propiconazole, 0.5 ml/L); T2: Blezole (hexaconazole, 1 mIlL); T3: Magnate (mancozeb, 500-625 glha); T4: Cluster (mancozeb+carbendazim, 2g1L); r; Ezeb (rnancozeb, I gIL); T6: Detail (hexaconazole, 0.5mIIL); T7: Tan (propiconazole, O.SmllL); Tg: Contaf (hexaconazole, 1mIIL) and T9: Control. Experiment-2: Minimum spray of fungicides in controlling leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut. The experiment comprised treatments- T1: One spray at 105 DAS (Blezole); T2: One spray at 105 DAS (Contaf); T3: Two spray at 105 and 120 DAS (Blezole); T4: Two spray at 105 and 120 DAS (Contaf); Ts: Three spray at 90, 105 and 120 DAS (Blezole); T6: Three spray at 90, lOS and 120 DAS (Contat) and T7: Control. Experiment-3: Effect of Salicylic Acid in controlling leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut. The experiment comprised treatments- Tt: Control; T2: 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar spray; T3: 1.0 mM salicylic acid foliar spray and T4: 1.5 mM salicylic acid foliar sprays. Disease data, yield contributing characters and yield showed significant variation for different fungicides. In case of leaf spot disease, at 90, 105 and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (1.00%, 2.10% and 2.47%) was recorded from Tg and the maximum disease severity «4.60%, 6.15% and 7.60%) was found from T9. In case of rust, at 90, lOS and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (1.85%,4.05% and 3.00%) was recorded from Tj again, the maximum (5.40%, 8.25% and 9.60%) was found from T9. The highest yield (2.38 t/ha) was found from Tg, and the lowest (1.40 t/ha) was recorded from T9. Disease data, yield contributing 'characters and yield showed significant variation for different number of spraying of fungicides. In case of leaf spot disease, at 90, 105 and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (1.14%, 1.21% and 1.90%) was recorded from T6, whereas the maximum (3.30%, 4.51% and 7.93%) was recorded from T7• In case of rust, at 90, 105 and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (2.36%, 3.22 % and 1.90%) was recorded from T6, whereas the maximum (4.49%, 6.15% and 9.73%) was recorded from T7. The highest pod yield (2.44 t/ha) was recorded from T6, while the lowest yield (1.11 t/ha) was found from T7. Disease data, yield contributing characters and yield showed significant variation for different concentration of salicylic acid. In case of leaf spot disease, at 90, 105 and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (0.63%, 1:25% and 1.84%) was recorded from T4 and the maximum (2.06%, 3.59% and 4.19%) was recorded from I). In case of rust, at 90, 105 and 120 DAS the minimum disease severity (1.46%, 2.07% and 2.29%) was recorded from T4 and, the maximum (3.04%, 5.30% and 6.39%) was recorded from T,. The highest pods yield (2.47 t/ha) was obtained from T4, while the lowest (1.86 t/ha) was recorded from T,.
EFFECT OF SEED TREATING CHEMICALS AND BAU-BIOFUNGICIDE ON ALTERNARIA BLIGHT (Alternaria hrassicae) OF MUSTARD
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) AHMED, MARIAM
The effect of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax, Brine solution, Rovral 50WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU- Biofungicide were employed against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAUShorisha-l were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period of November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increase seed yield. Again application of Rovral 50WP gave best result in terms of for reduction of number of pod per plant, pod length (em), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU- Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended for as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.
EFFECT OF Trichoderma harzianum AND SOME SELECTED SOIL AMENDMENTS AGAINST DAMPING OFF DISEASE OF SOME WINTER VEGETABLE
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) UDDIN, MD. MINHAJ
Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and some selected soil amendments against damping off disease of some winter vegetable were studied in the field condition during the period of 2008-2009 at Sher-e- BangIa Agricultural University, Dhaka. Soil application with poultry waste, cocodust, vermicompost, ash, sawdust, khudepana, cowdung, solarized sand, Trichoderma harzianum and or seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against damping-off, seed germination and growth characters of potato, tomato, eggplant, chilli, cabbage and cauliflower seedlings. All the treatments were significantly reduced percent damping-off of these six vegetable over untreated control. The most effective treatment was Trichoderma harzianum followed by poultry waste and vermicompost in terms of suppressing damping-off disease incidence with increasing plant growth characters. The highest seed germination percentage of potato (94.00%), tomato (92.00 %), chilli (86.67%), eggplant (94.33%), cabbage (88.00%) and cauliflower (90.00%) was recorded in Til (Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with T. harzianum). The most effective control measure for damping-off diseases of selected winter vegetable was recorded in Til. The highest growth character was observed in Ttl «Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with T. harzianumy T12 (Seed treatment with T.~',· harzianum + Soil application with poultry waste) & T14 (Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with vermicompost) respectively. It was also found that, Trichoderma harzianum treated seed sown in different amended soil showed better result in all parameters than seed sown only on amended soil. Among the different soil amendments, poultry waste and vermicompost have promising effect on seed germination, percent damping-off and seedling growth characters of six selected winter vegetable seedlings.
EFFICACY OF SOME BOTANICALS AND FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING LEAF BLIGHT OF MUSTARD
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) MD. MOZAID
The efficacy of some selected fungicides and botanicals were evaluated against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola causing leaf blight of mustard (var. BARl sharisha-15). Experiments were conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Gajipur, Joydebpur during rabi season from the month of October 2009 to March 2010. Three fungicides viz. Alphadeone, Aristodeone, Movral and three botanical extracts viz. Garlic clove extract, Tulshi and Dhutora leaf extract were employed in the experiment. Among the fungicides and botanicals tested, movral showed the best performance in reducing disease severity as well as increasing seed yield against gray blight of mustard. Leaf infection by Alternaria sp was reduced by 51.17 .%and seed yield was increased by 20.64 % over control by the application of Movral. No promising results were shown by the botanicals against leaf blight of mustard.
EFFICACY OF TRICHODERMA AND BOTANICALS IN CONTROLLING ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT OF MUSTARD AND STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY OF THE PATHOGEN
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) SIDDIQUE, ABU BAKAR
Experiments were conducted at the Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur and in the laboratory of Plant Pathology division, during rabi season from the month of November' 2009 February'20IO to evaluate the efficacy of some selected Trichoderma harzianum strains and plant extracts against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola causing gray blight of mustard (Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-I5). Three Trichoderma harzianum strains and three plant extracts viz. Bashok (Adhatoda vasica) leaf extract, Bishkatali leaf extract and Marigold (Tagetes patula) were explored in the experiment. Among the Trichoderma harzianum strains and plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum SI showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence an~ disease severity as well as increasing seed yield against leaf blight of mustard. Seed infection by Alternaria spp. was reduced by 64.79% and seed yield was increased by 48.19% over control by the application of Trichoderma harzianum S1. Among the botanicals, Marigold showed the better performance. No promising results were shown by the rest of the treatments against leaf blight of mustard.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF PURPLE BLOTCH OF ONION IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) FAYSAL, KHAN MD. NURUDDIN
An epidemiological survey on the incidence and severity of purple blotch of onion was conducted during ·onion growing seasons of the year 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 (Winter- September to March) in the major onion growing areas viz. Vasanchar (Faridpur), Jitka (Manikgonj), Sayedpur (Comilla), Nandina (Jamalpur), Kesobpur (Jessore), BARI (Gazipur), SAU campus (Dhaka), Hathazari (Chittagong), Dhamrai (Dhaka), Taherpur (Rajsbahi) of the country, Data were collected on % Plant infection, % Leaf infection, % LAD ( Leaf Area Diseased ), % SAD (Stalk Area Diseased), Soil pH, Soil temperature, Soil moisture, Air temperature and Air humidity (% RH). The disease incidence and severity of purple blotch of onion varied with locations, and environmental factors. The plant infection and leaf infection ranged from 87 % - 36 % and 62 % - 20 %, respectively while the percent leaf area diseased (% LAD) and percent stalk area diseased (% SAD) ranged from 36.67 % - '9.00 % and 39.00 % - 11.00 %, respectively. The highest disease incidence and severity during the consecutive 3 growing seasons of the year 2007-08,2008-09 and 2009-10 was recorded at Sayedpur (Comilla) where average air temperature, air humidity and pH were 24.08oC, 75.17% and 4.72 respectively. The lowest incidence and severity was recorded at BARI (Gazipur) where average air temperature, air humidity and pH were 23.990C, 85.44% and 5.30 respectively. Soil pH (4.6 -5.17), air temperature (23°C) and air humidity (75 % ± 2) had influential effect on the incidence;3l1d severity of purple blotch of onion.
EVALUATION OF SOME IMPORTED HYBRID BORO RICE VARIETIES AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES UNDER NATURAL EPIPHYTIC CONDITIONS
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) RAHAMAN, MD. MOMINUR
An investigation was carried out to evaluate imported hybrid rice varieties against major diseases under natural epiphytic conditions of Bangladesh during the boro season of 2008-09 at Sher-e-Bangia Agricultural University research farm. Fifteen hybrids (13 imported, 2 local) viz. Hira-I, Hira-2, ACI-l, Surma-I, Tal-l, Modhumoti-2, Krishan-2, Sonar Bangla-6, Richer-I 0 I, Moyna, Tia, Tinpata, Aloron , BRRI hybrid dhan-I, BRRI hybrid dhan-2 and 2 HYV check varieties viz. BRRI dhan ..28 and BRRI dhan-29 were evaluated regarding disease incidence and severity at 3 stages and the effect of diseases on yield and yield contributing characters. Six field diseases viz. brown leaf spot (Bipolaris oryzae), leaf blast (Pyricularia grisea), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), BLB (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae), narrow brown spot (Cercospora oryzae), and altemaria leaf spot (Alternaria tenuissima) were recorded and identified. The incidence and severity of diseases varied significantly from one another. The disease incidence and severity of brown spot at maturity stage were recorded from 15.51% to 25.85% and 0.64 to 4.15 (0-9 scale), respectively where Him-2 and ACI-I varieties showed good performance against the disease. In case of leaf blast, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 8.82% to 21.28% and 1.01 to 6.21 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where Him-2 showed the lowest incidence (8.82%) and severity (1.01). Richer-lot showed the highest incidence (21.28%) and severity (6.21). Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight varied from 9.27% to 25.82% and 1.52 to 8.74 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where Hira-I, Hira-2 and ACI-l showed better result against the disease. In case of BLB, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 13.28% to 28.92% and 1.21 to 8.72 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where TajI, Krishan-2, Aloron and Moyna were severely affected by this disease. In case of narrow brown leaf spot, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 6.27% to 12.23% and 1.10 to 5.84 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where, the highest incidence (12.23%) and severity (5.84) was recorded on Modhumoti-2 and the lowest incidence (6.27%) and severity (1.10) was observed on ACI-1. Disease incidence and severity of altemaria leaf spot also varied from 13.27% to 32.12% and 1.42 to 3.00 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage. The highest growth and yield contributing characters recorded on ACI-l, Hira-I and Him-2 considering plant height, panicle length, effective panicle and filled grain. Grain yield ranged from 4.50 tJha to 10.77 tIha. In case of hybrids, the highest grain yield (10.77 tIha) was recorded on Hira-I, Hira-2 and ACI-l also gave. the better yield 9.72 tlha and 9.70 tlha respectively. The lowest grain yield (7.90 tlha) was found in Krishan-2 which was statistically identical with Richer-10l (7.92 t/ha). It was observed that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased from flowering stage to maturity stage, with the age of the plant. Minimum incidence and severity gave the maximum yield.
NTEGRATED APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PURPLE BWTCH OF ONION CAUSED BY Alternaria porrt
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) BENTA HAFIZ, TANGIMA
The experiment was conducted in the fann of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the winter season 2009-2010 to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract against purple blotch of onion. The field experiment was laid out using onion variety Taherpuri to evaluate the eighteen different treatments combination of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract with different spray schedules. A positive and significant effect of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract was found in respect of % plant infection, % leaf infection, % Leaf Area Diseased (%LAD) and yield of onion. The highest performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity of purple blotch of onion was found by the application of treatment PDF 1S7 where soil was amended with poultry manure and onion seedlings were dipped in Rovral SOWP solution followed by foliar spraying with same fungicide at seven days interval. The highest onion bulb yield (S.063t/ha) was recorded in case of application of treatment PDF 187• Neem seed extract also showed better performance in combination with poultry manure in reduction of disease incidence and severity as well as increasing yield
PREVALENCE OF SEED BORNE FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS OF SOME SELECTED FLOWERS
(Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 2009) KUMKUM, MONNUZAN
The prevalence of fungi associated with seeds of some selected local flowers namely cosmos, marigold, calendula and periwinkle collected from three different location (Arboriculture garden, Ramna park garden and Horticulture garden) of Dhaka district and four hybrid flower seeds (african marigold, cockscomb, petunia and portulaca) collected from Momin Beej Ghar, Dhaka district were recorded. The results showed that the highest percent germination (91.38%) of cosmos obtained from Horticulture garden's seed. marigold (95.25%) obtained from Arboriculture garden's seed and calendula (65.88%) & periwinkle (79.38%) obtained from Ramna park garden's seeds. But incase of hybrid seeds, african marigold showed the highest percent seed germination (98.25%). The Horticulture garden's seed was better than the others considering incidence of fungi in all local flower seed tested. But periwinkle was the lowest affected seed (12.58%, 12.20%, 8.07% incidence) and marigold was the highest affected seed (40.31%,35.33%,31.33% incidence) collected from Arboriculture garden, Ramna park and Horticulture garden, respectively. But incase of hybrid flower seeds, the lowest fungal infection (3.14%) was recorded in portulaca and petunia seeds where the highest (6.20%) was in african marigold seeds.
SEED HEALTH AND QUALITY STATUS OF MUSTARD SEED
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) GHOSH, PALASH
uality and health status of nine improved varieties of breeder seed and farmer seed of mustard variety Tori-7 grown in 2007-2008 was determined by seed health and quality analysis in the Seed Health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, SAU, Dhaka. Respectively, 14 seed samples of breeder tier and 40 from farmers representing four districts of Bangladesh were included in the present study. Quality analysis showed that the average moisture content of breeder seed was 6.9%. and 5.6% collected from BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Ishurdi, respectively; whereas in fanner seed, the average moisture content was 8.0010.Three types of seed contaminants viz. inert matter, other crop seed and varietal mixture were recorded in fanner seed; while in breeder seed only inert matter was observed. Five types of abnormal seeds viz. discolored seed, shriveled seed, spotted seed, undersized seed and broken seed were encountered in farmer seed; whereas four types of abnormal seed except broken seed were found in breeder seed. The amount of abnormal seed and seed contaminants were higher in farmer seed than breeder seed. In an average, 93 and 60% 'best' or 'clean' seed were recovered from breeder and fanner seed, respectively by removing the seed contaminants and abnormal seed through manual seed cleaning. Occurrence of seed contaminants and abnormal seed was always higher in farmer seed compared to breeder seed. Seed health analysis revealed that 11 fungi were associated with mustard seeds. Of those, five fungi viz. Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. were predominant, constituting 87.5% of the total seed-borne fungal infections. The fungi varied in prevalence with respect to seed tier, variety and sources of seed collection. Prevalence of • the total as well as the individual predominant fungi were found always higher in unclean seed in comparison to clean seed at all the locations. Occurrence of the predominant fungi was higher in farmer seed compare to breeder seed. •Clean , seed significantly gave higher percentage of normal seedlings and lesser number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds over unclean seed both in breeder and fanner seed. Health and quality of fanner seed of mustard can be improved through manual seed cleaning.
STATUS OF POST HARVEST DISEASES OF MANGO AND GUAVA IN DHAKA CITY
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) KUNDU, BIPLOB
The existing market situation of fruits in the country is in a stage to be upgraded for successful fruit marketing to meet the national demand. Proper packaging and proper maintenance is a vital link in the marketing of fruits such as mango and guava. A survey was carried out during January, 2010 to October, 2010 to study the status of fruit trades of mango and guava in wholesale market of Dhaka The status of fruits trade was observed in 3 wholesale market of Dhaka (Karwanbazar, Zatrabari and Kadamtali). In Mango and guava, mainly 3 diseases of mango and 2 diseases of guava are common such as anthracnose, stem end rot and fusarium rot in mango and anthracnose and scab diseases of guava Monthwise survey of mango found that incidence and severity was the highest in month of September (33% & 25%). For guava, incidence and severity was the highest in the month of August (21% & 31%). In case of laboratory condition Colletrotrichum gleosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae and fusarium sp infestation percent was highest (23% &19%) and in case of guava, Pestalotiopsis psidii infestation was higher in August (36%). The present investigation showed that considerable amount of fruits are being traded every year thus to control the post harvest spoilage of mango and guava and to attention of the concerned authorities to take necessary action.
STATUS OF POST HARVEST DISEASES OF PAPAYA AND JUJUBE IN DHAKA CITY
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) MOSTOFA, MD. GOLAM
The present experiment was conducted during the period from November, 2009 to March, 2010 to find out the status of post harvest diseases of papaya and jujube fruits in Dhaka city. Consequently three experiments were conducted for identification of post harvest diseases, causal organism and isolation of causal organism from diseased of papaya and jujube. The survey was conducted in the wholesale markets of Dhaka in the area of Kawran Bazar, Zatrabari and Mazar Road Mirpur-l. Papaya and jujube were collected from different division in Dhaka wholesale market. In case of papaya the highest percentage of papaya fruits (32.33%) was collected from Dhaka division. For jujube the highest percentage (37.22%) was collected from Dhaka division. In case of papaya, in an average the highest incidence (28.13%) was recorded in the month of March, 2010 whereas the lowest incidence (15.29%) was recorded in the month of November, 2009 and the highest severity (28.37%) was recorded in the month of March, 2010 whereas the lowest severity (15.87%) was recorded in the month of November, 2009. In case of jujube, the highest incidence (47.18%) was recorded in the month of March, 2010 whereas the lowest incidence (21.83%) was recorded in the month of January, 2010 and the highest severity (53.46%) was recorded in the month of March, 20]0 while the lowest severity (16.35%) in the month of January, 20]0. In case of tissue infection in papaya it was found that 100% fruits were infected by C. gloeosporioides, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Stemphylium and Aspergillus pathogen. In case of tissue infection by using block the highest infected tissue (30%) was recorded for C. gloeosporioides and the lowest for Aspergillus (5%) For tissue infection using scrap the highest infected tissue (35%) was recorded for C. gloeosporioides, while the lowest for Aspergillus (6%). In case of control condition it was found that 33% fruit were infected by C. gloeosporioides, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Stemphylium and no infection was recorded for Aspergillus pathogen. In control condition the highest (15%) infected tissue was recorded for Anthracnose, whereas no infection for Aspergillus. And in case of jujube the highest infected fruit was recorded for Phomopsis (90%), whereas the lowest was recorded for Stemphylium (30%). In case of tissue infection using block, the highest infected fruit was recorded for Alternaria (32%), while the lowest was recorded for Rhizopus (10%). In case of tissue . infection using scrap, the highest infected fruit was found for Alternaria (37%), while the lowest was recorded for Rhizopus (15%). In case of control condition no infected fruit and no infected tissues were observed for Phomopsis, Stemphylium, Rhizopus, Anthracnose and Alternaria pathogen.
STUDIES ON YIELD LOSS AND MANAGEMENT OF BAKANAE DISEASE IN SEED BED
(Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 2009-12) UDDIN, MD. GAZI SALAH
The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Gazipur during the period of Boro season from November 2007 to March, 2008 to study the yield loss and management of Bakanae disease in seed bed. The variety BRI was used as the test crop, In the seed bed. the experiment comprised the treatments of TI: Conza 0.3% (5 EC Hexaconazole) @ 1.5 ml/SOO ml water, T2: Sunconazole 0.3% (25 EC Propiconazole 25%) @ 1.5 ml/500 ml water; TJ: Nativo 0.3% (75 WG-Tebuconazole 50 + trifloxistrobin 250/0) @ 1.5 gl500 ml water: T4: Zeal 0.3% (75 WP-Tricyclozole) @ 1.5 g/500 ml water; Ts: Bavistin 0.3% (Carbendazim 500/0)@ 1.5 glSOOml water; T6: Biocontrol agent (bacteria) 300 ml water and T,: Control. In the field experiment, it was comprised of two factors. such as Factor A: Spraying number: 2 levels- 81: Single spray and 82: Double spray; Factor B: Control measures- T1: Bavistin @ 0.5%; T2: Bavistin @ 0.4%; T3: Bavistin @ 0.3%; T,,: Knowin @ 0.5%: Ts: Knowin @ 0.40/0~ T6: Knowin @ 0.3%~ T7: Seed treatment@ 0.3%) Bavistin; Ts' Seed treatment @ 0.30/0 Knowin: T9: Control only fresh water and T 10: Control without fresh water, In case of chemical control, the minimum nwnber of Bakanae infected seedlings (1.38 m-2 and 1.53 m-2) was found from T2 and. the maximum number (9,57 m'2 and 9.69 m-2) was recorded from T7. In case of spraying number, the minimum Bakanae infected seedlings (0.54 m-2 and 0.96 m-2) were recorded for 82• while the maximum number (0.72 m-2 and 1.19 m-2) was found from S" respectively. In case of control measures. the minimum Bakanae infected seedlings (0.09 m-2 and 0.13 m-2) were recorded from T7• while the maximum number (1.49 m-2 and 1.83 m") was found from TIO• In case of interaction effect of spraling number and control measures. the minimum Bakanae infected seedlings (0.07 m' and 0.12 m-2) were recorded from S2T7and the maximum number (1.62 m-1 and 1.87 m-2) was observed from SITlo. At 60,80 and 100 OAT, the minimum Bakanae infected hills (0.74 m'2 , 1.60 m-2 and 1.50 m") was obtained for S2, 'while the maximum number (0.84 mol, 1.77 m'2 and 1.82 m') was found from 51' The highest yield (3_52 t ha") was recorded from S2 while the lowest (3.11 t ha-1) was obtained from Sr. At 60,80 and 100 DAT, the minimum Bakanae infected hills (0_14 m-2, 0.39 m-2 and 0.50 m-2) were recorded from T7• while the maximum number (2 37 m", 3.33 and 3.35 m-2) was found from T9- The highest yield (3.47 t ha") was recorded from T7 and the lowest (3.13 t ha") was found from T9• At 60. 80 and 100 DAT, the minimum Bakanae infected hills (0.14 m-2~ 0.33 m'2 and 0.44 mol) were recorded from S2T7, again the maximwn number of Bakanae infected hills (2.44 m-2• 3.55 m-2 and 3.55 m-2) was recorded from SIT9• The highest yield (3.67 t ha-I) was recorded from 82T7• while the lowest (2.85 t ha-t) was found from SIT,o,
TRANSMISSION OF Bipolaris sorokiniana FROM SEED TO PLANT TO SEED OF WHEAT
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) ISLAM, MD. REZAUL
The experiments were conducted in the Seed Health Laboratory and Experimental Field of Plant Pathology Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka- 1207, during the period from October 2008 to April 2009 to find out the transmission of Bipolaris sorokiniana from seed to plant to seed of wheat. There were altogether eight samples that used as treatment for different experiment which are as follows: TI = 0% seed infection (Bavistin treated @ 0.25% of seed weight); T2 = 0% seed infection (Provax treated @ 0.25% of seed weight); T3 = 0.1-10% seed infection; T4 = ]0.1-15% seed infection; T, = 15.1-20% seed infection; T6 = 20.1-25% seed infection; T7 = 25.1-40% seed infection and Ts = 50.1-55% seed infection. Disease severity showed significant variation at flag leaf stage, panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, milking stage and hard dough stage for without and with chemical control measure. For without chemical control measure, at flag leaf stage, in an average the lowest disease severity (0.09) was recorded in TI and the highest (0.45) in T8• At panicle initiation stage, in an average the lowest disease severity (0.15) was observed in TJ, whereas the highest (1.06) in T8. At flowering stage, in an average the lowest (0.43) was found in TI and T2, whereas the highest (1.32) was found in T8. At milking stage, in an average, the lowest disease severity (1.14) was recorded in TI and the highest (2.10) in T8. At hard dough stage, in an average the lowest disease severity was recorded in TI (2.30) and the highest in T8 (3.81). Considering plant height the longest plant (89.35 ern) was recorded in TI whereas the shortest (80.80 em) in T8. For grain yields per hectare the highest (3.67 tonnes) were recorded in TI while the lowest yield per hectare (2.25 tonnes) in T8. In field condition with chemical control measures at flag leaf stage, in an average the lowest disease severity (0.07) was recorded in TI and the highest (0.38) in T8. At panicle initiation stage, in an average thelowest disease severity (0.13) was observed in TI whereas the highest (0.92) was recorded in T8. At flowering stage, in an average the lowest (0.39) was recorded in TI while the highest (1.25) in Tg. At milking stage, in an average the lowest disease severity (0.97) was observed in T I and the highest (1.96) in T8. At hard dough stage, in an average the lowest disease severity (1.70) was recorded in TI and the highest (3.56) in T8. In respect of plant height, the longest plant (90,] 0 em) was recorded in TI while the shortest (81.37 ern) in Tg. In respect of grain yields per hectare the highest (3.71 tonnes) was recorded in TI while the lowest (2.29 tonnes) in Tg.There is a linear relationship between number of infected seedlings/rrr' and incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana and the relationship was highly positive for without and with chemical control measures.