Year 2009
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Item EFFICACY OF TRICHODERMA AND BOTANICALS IN CONTROLLING ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT OF MUSTARD AND STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY OF THE PATHOGEN(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) SIDDIQUE, ABU BAKARExperiments were conducted at the Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur and in the laboratory of Plant Pathology division, during rabi season from the month of November' 2009 February'20IO to evaluate the efficacy of some selected Trichoderma harzianum strains and plant extracts against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola causing gray blight of mustard (Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-I5). Three Trichoderma harzianum strains and three plant extracts viz. Bashok (Adhatoda vasica) leaf extract, Bishkatali leaf extract and Marigold (Tagetes patula) were explored in the experiment. Among the Trichoderma harzianum strains and plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum SI showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence an~ disease severity as well as increasing seed yield against leaf blight of mustard. Seed infection by Alternaria spp. was reduced by 64.79% and seed yield was increased by 48.19% over control by the application of Trichoderma harzianum S1. Among the botanicals, Marigold showed the better performance. No promising results were shown by the rest of the treatments against leaf blight of mustard.Item EFFICACY OF SOME BOTANICALS AND FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING LEAF BLIGHT OF MUSTARD(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) MD. MOZAIDThe efficacy of some selected fungicides and botanicals were evaluated against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola causing leaf blight of mustard (var. BARl sharisha-15). Experiments were conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Gajipur, Joydebpur during rabi season from the month of October 2009 to March 2010. Three fungicides viz. Alphadeone, Aristodeone, Movral and three botanical extracts viz. Garlic clove extract, Tulshi and Dhutora leaf extract were employed in the experiment. Among the fungicides and botanicals tested, movral showed the best performance in reducing disease severity as well as increasing seed yield against gray blight of mustard. Leaf infection by Alternaria sp was reduced by 51.17 .%and seed yield was increased by 20.64 % over control by the application of Movral. No promising results were shown by the botanicals against leaf blight of mustard.Item SEED HEALTH AND QUALITY STATUS OF MUSTARD SEED(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) GHOSH, PALASHuality and health status of nine improved varieties of breeder seed and farmer seed of mustard variety Tori-7 grown in 2007-2008 was determined by seed health and quality analysis in the Seed Health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, SAU, Dhaka. Respectively, 14 seed samples of breeder tier and 40 from farmers representing four districts of Bangladesh were included in the present study. Quality analysis showed that the average moisture content of breeder seed was 6.9%. and 5.6% collected from BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Ishurdi, respectively; whereas in fanner seed, the average moisture content was 8.0010.Three types of seed contaminants viz. inert matter, other crop seed and varietal mixture were recorded in fanner seed; while in breeder seed only inert matter was observed. Five types of abnormal seeds viz. discolored seed, shriveled seed, spotted seed, undersized seed and broken seed were encountered in farmer seed; whereas four types of abnormal seed except broken seed were found in breeder seed. The amount of abnormal seed and seed contaminants were higher in farmer seed than breeder seed. In an average, 93 and 60% 'best' or 'clean' seed were recovered from breeder and fanner seed, respectively by removing the seed contaminants and abnormal seed through manual seed cleaning. Occurrence of seed contaminants and abnormal seed was always higher in farmer seed compared to breeder seed. Seed health analysis revealed that 11 fungi were associated with mustard seeds. Of those, five fungi viz. Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. were predominant, constituting 87.5% of the total seed-borne fungal infections. The fungi varied in prevalence with respect to seed tier, variety and sources of seed collection. Prevalence of • the total as well as the individual predominant fungi were found always higher in unclean seed in comparison to clean seed at all the locations. Occurrence of the predominant fungi was higher in farmer seed compare to breeder seed. •Clean , seed significantly gave higher percentage of normal seedlings and lesser number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds over unclean seed both in breeder and fanner seed. Health and quality of fanner seed of mustard can be improved through manual seed cleaning.Item EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF PURPLE BLOTCH OF ONION IN BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) FAYSAL, KHAN MD. NURUDDINAn epidemiological survey on the incidence and severity of purple blotch of onion was conducted during ·onion growing seasons of the year 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 (Winter- September to March) in the major onion growing areas viz. Vasanchar (Faridpur), Jitka (Manikgonj), Sayedpur (Comilla), Nandina (Jamalpur), Kesobpur (Jessore), BARI (Gazipur), SAU campus (Dhaka), Hathazari (Chittagong), Dhamrai (Dhaka), Taherpur (Rajsbahi) of the country, Data were collected on % Plant infection, % Leaf infection, % LAD ( Leaf Area Diseased ), % SAD (Stalk Area Diseased), Soil pH, Soil temperature, Soil moisture, Air temperature and Air humidity (% RH). The disease incidence and severity of purple blotch of onion varied with locations, and environmental factors. The plant infection and leaf infection ranged from 87 % - 36 % and 62 % - 20 %, respectively while the percent leaf area diseased (% LAD) and percent stalk area diseased (% SAD) ranged from 36.67 % - '9.00 % and 39.00 % - 11.00 %, respectively. The highest disease incidence and severity during the consecutive 3 growing seasons of the year 2007-08,2008-09 and 2009-10 was recorded at Sayedpur (Comilla) where average air temperature, air humidity and pH were 24.08oC, 75.17% and 4.72 respectively. The lowest incidence and severity was recorded at BARI (Gazipur) where average air temperature, air humidity and pH were 23.990C, 85.44% and 5.30 respectively. Soil pH (4.6 -5.17), air temperature (23°C) and air humidity (75 % ± 2) had influential effect on the incidence;3l1d severity of purple blotch of onion.Item STATUS OF POST HARVEST DISEASES OF MANGO AND GUAVA IN DHAKA CITY(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) KUNDU, BIPLOBThe existing market situation of fruits in the country is in a stage to be upgraded for successful fruit marketing to meet the national demand. Proper packaging and proper maintenance is a vital link in the marketing of fruits such as mango and guava. A survey was carried out during January, 2010 to October, 2010 to study the status of fruit trades of mango and guava in wholesale market of Dhaka The status of fruits trade was observed in 3 wholesale market of Dhaka (Karwanbazar, Zatrabari and Kadamtali). In Mango and guava, mainly 3 diseases of mango and 2 diseases of guava are common such as anthracnose, stem end rot and fusarium rot in mango and anthracnose and scab diseases of guava Monthwise survey of mango found that incidence and severity was the highest in month of September (33% & 25%). For guava, incidence and severity was the highest in the month of August (21% & 31%). In case of laboratory condition Colletrotrichum gleosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae and fusarium sp infestation percent was highest (23% &19%) and in case of guava, Pestalotiopsis psidii infestation was higher in August (36%). The present investigation showed that considerable amount of fruits are being traded every year thus to control the post harvest spoilage of mango and guava and to attention of the concerned authorities to take necessary action.Item EVALUATION OF SOME IMPORTED HYBRID BORO RICE VARIETIES AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES UNDER NATURAL EPIPHYTIC CONDITIONS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) RAHAMAN, MD. MOMINURAn investigation was carried out to evaluate imported hybrid rice varieties against major diseases under natural epiphytic conditions of Bangladesh during the boro season of 2008-09 at Sher-e-Bangia Agricultural University research farm. Fifteen hybrids (13 imported, 2 local) viz. Hira-I, Hira-2, ACI-l, Surma-I, Tal-l, Modhumoti-2, Krishan-2, Sonar Bangla-6, Richer-I 0 I, Moyna, Tia, Tinpata, Aloron , BRRI hybrid dhan-I, BRRI hybrid dhan-2 and 2 HYV check varieties viz. BRRI dhan ..28 and BRRI dhan-29 were evaluated regarding disease incidence and severity at 3 stages and the effect of diseases on yield and yield contributing characters. Six field diseases viz. brown leaf spot (Bipolaris oryzae), leaf blast (Pyricularia grisea), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), BLB (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae), narrow brown spot (Cercospora oryzae), and altemaria leaf spot (Alternaria tenuissima) were recorded and identified. The incidence and severity of diseases varied significantly from one another. The disease incidence and severity of brown spot at maturity stage were recorded from 15.51% to 25.85% and 0.64 to 4.15 (0-9 scale), respectively where Him-2 and ACI-I varieties showed good performance against the disease. In case of leaf blast, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 8.82% to 21.28% and 1.01 to 6.21 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where Him-2 showed the lowest incidence (8.82%) and severity (1.01). Richer-lot showed the highest incidence (21.28%) and severity (6.21). Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight varied from 9.27% to 25.82% and 1.52 to 8.74 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where Hira-I, Hira-2 and ACI-l showed better result against the disease. In case of BLB, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 13.28% to 28.92% and 1.21 to 8.72 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where TajI, Krishan-2, Aloron and Moyna were severely affected by this disease. In case of narrow brown leaf spot, the disease incidence and severity ranged from 6.27% to 12.23% and 1.10 to 5.84 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage where, the highest incidence (12.23%) and severity (5.84) was recorded on Modhumoti-2 and the lowest incidence (6.27%) and severity (1.10) was observed on ACI-1. Disease incidence and severity of altemaria leaf spot also varied from 13.27% to 32.12% and 1.42 to 3.00 (0-9 scale), respectively at maturity stage. The highest growth and yield contributing characters recorded on ACI-l, Hira-I and Him-2 considering plant height, panicle length, effective panicle and filled grain. Grain yield ranged from 4.50 tJha to 10.77 tIha. In case of hybrids, the highest grain yield (10.77 tIha) was recorded on Hira-I, Hira-2 and ACI-l also gave. the better yield 9.72 tlha and 9.70 tlha respectively. The lowest grain yield (7.90 tlha) was found in Krishan-2 which was statistically identical with Richer-10l (7.92 t/ha). It was observed that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased from flowering stage to maturity stage, with the age of the plant. Minimum incidence and severity gave the maximum yield.Item EFFECT OF Trichoderma harzianum AND SOME SELECTED SOIL AMENDMENTS AGAINST DAMPING OFF DISEASE OF SOME WINTER VEGETABLE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) UDDIN, MD. MINHAJEffect of Trichoderma harzianum and some selected soil amendments against damping off disease of some winter vegetable were studied in the field condition during the period of 2008-2009 at Sher-e- BangIa Agricultural University, Dhaka. Soil application with poultry waste, cocodust, vermicompost, ash, sawdust, khudepana, cowdung, solarized sand, Trichoderma harzianum and or seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against damping-off, seed germination and growth characters of potato, tomato, eggplant, chilli, cabbage and cauliflower seedlings. All the treatments were significantly reduced percent damping-off of these six vegetable over untreated control. The most effective treatment was Trichoderma harzianum followed by poultry waste and vermicompost in terms of suppressing damping-off disease incidence with increasing plant growth characters. The highest seed germination percentage of potato (94.00%), tomato (92.00 %), chilli (86.67%), eggplant (94.33%), cabbage (88.00%) and cauliflower (90.00%) was recorded in Til (Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with T. harzianum). The most effective control measure for damping-off diseases of selected winter vegetable was recorded in Til. The highest growth character was observed in Ttl «Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with T. harzianumy T12 (Seed treatment with T.~',· harzianum + Soil application with poultry waste) & T14 (Seed treatment with T. harzianum + Soil application with vermicompost) respectively. It was also found that, Trichoderma harzianum treated seed sown in different amended soil showed better result in all parameters than seed sown only on amended soil. Among the different soil amendments, poultry waste and vermicompost have promising effect on seed germination, percent damping-off and seedling growth characters of six selected winter vegetable seedlings.Item EFFECT OF SEED TREATING CHEMICALS AND BAU-BIOFUNGICIDE ON ALTERNARIA BLIGHT (Alternaria hrassicae) OF MUSTARD(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) AHMED, MARIAMThe effect of three seed treating chemicals viz. Provax, Brine solution, Rovral 50WP and one Biofungicide viz. BAU- Biofungicide were employed against Alternaria blight of mustard caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. Three varieties viz. var. BARI-6, Tori-7 and SAUShorisha-l were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and laboratory experiment was conducted in the seed health Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period of November 2008 to July 2009. Among the seed treating chemicals, Rovral 50WP showed the best performance in reducing disease incidence and severity as well as increase seed yield. Again application of Rovral 50WP gave best result in terms of for reduction of number of pod per plant, pod length (em), number of branch per plant, 100 siliqua weight (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). BAU- Biofungicide also showed promising performance in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard and reduced 36% and 53% disease incidence and disease severity respectively over untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide may be recommended for as an alternative means of chemical fungicide such as Rovral 50 WP for controlling Alternaria blight of mustard.Item DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEED BORNE PATHOGENS OF IMPORTED HYBRID RICE VARIETIES IN BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) NURA ORAThe experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during 2008-09 according to the 1STA rules following blotter method, agar plate method and rolled paper towel method. Thirteen imported hybrids, two local hybrids and two local high yielding varieties were tested to determine the seed health status. A total of twelve pathogens were associated with the collected seeds viz. Xanthomonas spp, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Penicillum sp., Tilletia barclayana, Alternaria tenuissima, Chaetomium globosum, Phoma sp and Nigrospora sp. The incidence of different pathogens vary individually and independently among the hybrids and local varieties of rice seeds. Seed germination varied from 54.63%- 99.50% in blotter method. The incidence range of Xanthomonas spp. (0 -18.13%), Rhizopus stolonifer (0-19.75%), Aspergillus spp. (0-12.00%), Bipolaris oryzae (0- 18.00%), Curvularia lunata (0-4.25%), Penicillum sp. (0-1.75%), Tilletia barciayana (0-2.75%), Alternaria tenuissima (0-0.63%), Chaetomium globosum (0-1.25%), Phoma sp (0-0.50%) and Nigrospora sp.(0-0.25%) were detected by blotter method. Seed germination ranged from 8.25%96.38% was recorded in rolled paper towel method. Non germinated hard seed ranged from 1.63%86.50% and rotten seed 0.75%-12.00%. Post emergence mortality was observed 0-4.38% by rolled paper towel method. The vigour index ranged from 96.36%-2329.28%. The incidence range of Xanthomonas spp. (1.63%-5.13%), Rhizopus stolonifer (0-3.00%), Bipolaris oryzae (0-15.13%), Fusarium moniliforme (0-7.63%), Curvularia lunata (0-6.38%), Penicillum sp.(0-1.63%), Alternaria tenuissima (0-1.63%), Aspergillus flavus (0·6.50), Aspergillus niger (0-1.38%) sp and Nigrospora sp.(0-1.38%) was detected by agar plate method. The detected predominant pathogens were Xanthomonas spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Aspergillus sp. Fusarium moniliforme ,Rhizopus stolonifer.Item NTEGRATED APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PURPLE BWTCH OF ONION CAUSED BY Alternaria porrt(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2009) BENTA HAFIZ, TANGIMAThe experiment was conducted in the fann of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the winter season 2009-2010 to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract against purple blotch of onion. The field experiment was laid out using onion variety Taherpuri to evaluate the eighteen different treatments combination of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract with different spray schedules. A positive and significant effect of fungicides, poultry manure and neem seed extract was found in respect of % plant infection, % leaf infection, % Leaf Area Diseased (%LAD) and yield of onion. The highest performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity of purple blotch of onion was found by the application of treatment PDF 1S7 where soil was amended with poultry manure and onion seedlings were dipped in Rovral SOWP solution followed by foliar spraying with same fungicide at seven days interval. The highest onion bulb yield (S.063t/ha) was recorded in case of application of treatment PDF 187• Neem seed extract also showed better performance in combination with poultry manure in reduction of disease incidence and severity as well as increasing yield