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Item In Vitro Development and Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)(University of Rajshahi, 2024) Zaman, Toyfiquz; S. M. Shahinul, IslamRice is a staple crop that provides food for billions of people worldwide, but it is susceptible to damage from biotic and abiotic stress, particularly in tropical or subtropical areas. On top of that, stress has a negative impact on the productivity and quality of rice. To close the gap between output and demand, significant productivity gains are needed given the rising demand for rice. The study assessed the germination rates and callus induction capabilities of various rice varieties under different conditions in lab and also in the field. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration process is required for the production of abiotic stress tolerance in rice through biotechnological approaches. In this study, optimization of culture media, callus induction, and plant regeneration of five Aman rice varieties viz. BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan71, BRRI dhan79, and BRRI dhan95 were considered and mature seeds of those varieties were collected from BRRI Regional Station, Rajshahi. To investigate the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-D and other plant growth regulators on callus induction and regeneration some experiments were conducted and evaluated. Two basal media viz. MS and N6 were considered for the experiments out of four (MS, B5, N6 and SK-3) studied previously under this research works. It was observed that all five rice varieties showed higher callus induction on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l 2,4-D than other concentrations. Based on callus induction data were recorded and BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan71, BRRI dhan79 and BRRI dhan95 gave 63.4%, 50.4%, 40.4%, 58% and 53% embryogenic calli, induction respectively. In combination with BAP (2.0 mg/l), Kin (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) added to MS medium data showed better performance on regeneration. They can be used as a baseline for demand-driven in vitro rice propagation, providing useful information that can be combined with other agronomic features in rice development to improve the abiotic stress-tolerant cultivars through biotechnological methods in future. In addition of different concentration of NaCl in medium affects on callus growth. Data showed that at 2.0 g/l concentration was better than others. Higher NaCl concentrations correlated with decreased germination rates and increased callus necrosis, although BRRI dhan34 (7.2±0.8%) and BRRI dhan51 (7.2±0.8%) exhibited salt tolerances across all studies concentrations. Another experiment was conducted on the effect of heat stress and results showed that BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan79 and BRRI dhan95 showed tolerances and it was observed that maintaining robust callus growth even at elevated temperatures at 35°C and 40°C. In contrast, BRRI dhan51 (6%) and BRRI dhan71 (8%), displayed modest heat tolerance (6%), exhibiting diminished performance under higher temperatures. These findings are very importance on selecting appropriate rice varieties based on their germination rates, callus induction, salt and heat tolerance of rice varieties in Bangladesh.Item Factors affecting Dental caries in Rajshahi Region: It's extent, Consequences June 2020 and Prevention(University of Rajshahi, 2020-06) Parvin, Farhana; Islam, Wahedul; Alam, ShahDental caries or cavity could also be a senous oral pathological state in most industrial countries, poignant 60-90% of school going kids and additionally the overwhelming majority of adults. Oral health standing of vulnerable people in developing countries tends to be lower priority than various health issues. Consequently few studies square measure done on the oral health standing of the agricultural people in developing countries and explore the possibility indicator of cavity tooth decay but no relationship could also be established between drinkable and caries. Throughout this study it had been aimed to prevent cavity by salt and Ca that's available with drinkable. This study was drained upazilla level in rajshahi region. The dust-covered coliform gift within the drinkable in addition a region of the study. Typically this may be usually a cross sectional descriptive type of study. About 540 respondents of 9 upazillas in Rajshahi region were designated and knowledge was collected by a predesigned datasheet. 60 samples of water were collected from the respondents in every upazilla. The information the knowledge the knowledge concerning caries patients was taken within the data sheet. Sample analysis was wiped out 2 classes. One was chemical analysis and alternative was microbiological analysis of the water. The study represent that the Fluoride content in water that was collected from the respondents of various upazillas expressed in table I to 9. The F worth was found 16.126. The many result was found in Tanore, Puthia, Upazilla. Extremely important was discovered in Bagha, Bagmara, Charghat, Durgapar Upazilla. Whereas non-significant result was found in acid, Godagari, Mohonpur Upazilla. The metallic element content in water expressed in table I 0-18. The, F worth was 41.151. The amount of great was totally different in every upazilla. In Godagari Upazilla the result found is critical. In Paba, Bagha, Charghat, Durgapur, Mohonpur and Tanore the result were extremely important. The Fluoride concentration in water samples collected from totally different upazillas ranges from 0.1231 to 2.3254 ppm. Mohanpur Upazilla contains the best quantity of Fluoride and Godagari Upazilla contains rock bottom quantity of Fluoride. The vary between total of sq. and mean sq. is highest in Mohanpur. The metallic element concentration in water sample collected from totally different upazilla ranges from 27. 94 to 71 gm 1-1. Tanore Upazilla contains the best quantity of metallic element and Charghat Upazilla contains rock bottom quantity of metallic element. The vary between total of sq. and mean sq. is highest in Godagari Upazilla. The microbiological analysis that represent the faecal coliforms contamination of water.------Item Comparative Studies on in Vitro Regeneration, Cell Culture and Artificial Seed Production in Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Rahman, Md. Motiur; Miah, M. A. BariProtocol establishment for cell culture and artificial seed production for improvement of agricultural crops is a new venture in Bangladesh. Both the research avenues are equally important to afford opportunities for the application of advance biotechnological tools. Towards the improvement of eggplant in Bangladesh, meristem culture, somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production were the prime objectives of the present investigation. Widely cultivated two local cultivars namely cv. China and cv. Loda were taken for the present study. Different medium compositions were tested for sorting out efficient combinations for the better establishment of apical meristem culture, vital footstep towards developing virus-free cultivars. Shoot tips of 20-25 days old in vitro grown plants of the two cultivars were used for meristem isolation. For primary establishment of isolated meristems, 2.0 mgr1 BAP in MS liquid medium was found to be the most effective. MS semisolid medium having 0.50 mgr1 GA3 alone was found to be the best and 0.50 mgr1 GA3 + 2.0 mgr1 BAP appeared moderate formulation for shoot elongation from the primary established meristem. MS semisolid medium fortified with 3.0 mgr1 IBA was found to be the most effective for root induction. Embryogenic callus induction is the precondition for successful accomplishment of embryogenesis and cotyledon and midrib of the two cultivars were used for this purpose. Auxin-cytokinin combinations were proved more potent for embryogenic callus induction as well as callus growth than that of auxin tried singly in the media. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgr1 NM + 0.05 mgr1 BAP was proved to be the best media formulation for induction of embryonic cam in eggplant, when cotyledon showed 85.43% and 82.50% and midrib showed 83.30% and 84.50%, respectively for cv. China and cv. Loda. The embryonic Calli were harvested from the experiment and cultured in agarified MS media supplemented with different hormonal treatments to test their regeneration potentialities. Among the different treatments, 2.0 mgr1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgr1 BAP performed the best for regeneration. In this case, cotyledon showed highest regeneration frequency 87.33% and 86.50%, whereas midrib showed 82.15% and 79.75%, respectively for cv. China and cv. Loda.Item Mass Propagation and Conservation of Three Important Medicinal Plants: Aloe Vera L., Acorus Calamus L. and Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Ahmad, Shahrear; Islam, A. K. M. RafiulThe peasant investigation was undertaken to standardize in vitro culture techniques for mass propagation and conservation of two threatened important plant species, Aloe vera L. and Acorus calamus L. of Bangladesh and one n: canty introduced non-sugar natural herbal sweetener, Stevia Reba Diana Bertoni. In case of Aloe vera through proper hormonal treatments it was possible to differentiate direct multiple shoots from shoot tip explants. The best multiple shoot production was achieved in MS+2.0 mg/I BA + 0.5 mg/I Kn + 0.2 mg/I NAA. The optimum pH level of the medium was found to be 6.0. As a carbon source, 13DH was the best and local market 13angladesh sugar at 30-40 g/1 was also found to give the satisfactory result. Agar at a level of 7 g/1 irrespective of brands was highly effective to solidly media. For adventitious rooting of regenerated shoots MMS1 + 0.2 mg/I NAA was proved to be the most favorable. The regenerated plants under ex vitro condition showed normal mode of development and 70% survivalist was achieved when they were transferred to garden soil + compost potting………Item Biology of the Parasitoids and Predators of Tribolium spp. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2004) Rahman, Farhana; Islam, Md WahedulTwo parasitoids and one predator were recovered from the red llour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, T. confi,sum Duval infested wheal flours. lbe larval-pupal parasitoids are Rhahdepyris zeae Waterston and !Iolepyris sylvanidis Brethes (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and the predator is Xylocoris jlavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Some ac;pects of biology of these parasitoids and.predator were investigated in the laboratory condition on the above two species of Tribolium. R. zeae although a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid showed a decided preference towards the fourth instar larvae and early pupae of the host. The developmental time varied in the male and female adult parasitoids. The male and female of R. zeae completed <.lt:velopmcnt within 19.06:1:0.59 um.I 20.14±0.58 days in 'I: castmwum while in T. confu.mm it was 20.10±0.77 and 21 .20±0.92 days, respectively al 30 ± I °C and 70% R. H. The males are polygamous but the females arc always monogamous. Both the sexes of R. zeae lived maximum days when host was supplied continuously. The female deposited maximum number of eggs when hosts were abundant. The sex ratio of R. zeae always showed female biased and dependent on the size of the host. Ji sylvanidis is also a primary larval-pupal ecloparasitoid of T. castaneum and T. confusum. After emergence the male took the initiative in mating and courtship. The fourth instar larvae were preferred for oviposition. The male of fl. sylva11idis completed life cycle within I 5.50±0.62 and 16.00±0.47 days in T. castaneum and T. confusum whereas the female required I 6.66t:0.72 and 17.15±0.80 days. Females are monandrous while males are polygynous. The hosts fluids were necessary for greater longevity in both the sexes. H. ,\ylvanidi.\· is arrhenolokous. Xylocoris jlavipes (Reuter) is a predator of different larval and pupal stages of Tribolium. The early stage was most preferred than that later stages. The male of X flavipcs completed life cycle within 16.99±1.86 and 17.80±1.30 days in 7'. castancum and T. confusum whereas the female required 16.00± 1.63 and 17.00±1.63 days. The female biased sex ratio of X jlavipes was noticed.-----Item In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni(University of Rajshahi, 2010) Zaman, Rashed; Sikdar, BiswanathExperiments were conducted on in vitro culture of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an important non-caloric sweetening herb to explore its potential for micro-propagation. Nodes, internodes and leaves of pot grown mature plants were used as explants and experiments were based on surface sterilization; direct shoot proliferation; callus formation; indirect shoot proliferation from callus and root proliferation of induced shoot. Normal process of tissue culture technique was followed for in vitro culture of the different explants. Different concentration of Auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, 2,4-D) and Cytokinin’s (SAP, Kn) were used individually or in combinations in the culture media as growth regulator supplements. For surface sterilization, 2 minutes of Mercuric chloride (HgCb) treatment was found the most effective for leaves and 2.5 minutes for nodes and internodes. Nodes showed the highest percentage of direct shoot proliferation compared to internodes. BAP (2.0 mg/l) + NAA (0.2 mg/I) was the best combination for direct shoot proliferation. When this combination of growth regulators was used in the culture media, highest percentage of proliferated shoots from nodes was 92.84 ± 0.45, average number of shoots per explant was 4.16 ± 0.28 and average length of the longest shoot was 2.67± 0.98 cm. In same combination, highest percentage of proliferated shoots from internodes was 84.87 ± 0.62, average number of shoots per explant was 3.95 ± 0.34 and average length of the longest shoot was 2.78 ± 0.43 cm. But internodes showed the highest percentage of callus formation compared to nodes and leaves. 2,4-D (2.5 mg/I) + NAA (1.5 mg/I) was the best combination for callusItem Antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae) and Smilax zeylanica L. (Liliaceae) on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2009) Bari, Md Abdul; Islam, Md Wahedul; Khan, Md Ataur RahmanThe bioactivity and insecticidal activities of different parts of two plants, viz. leaf, stem, root and inflorescence of Solanum torvum and leaf, stem and root of Smilax zeylanica were assayed against gram positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, fungi, brine shrimps and the insect, red flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus were investigated. Toxicidal activity of the chloroform and methanolic extracts of leaf, stem, root and inflorescence of S. torvum and leaf, stem and root of S. zeylanica on some microbes (Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylcoccus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Streptococcus- haemolyticus and Gram negative bacteria: Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella shiga, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species (K.sp.), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp.; and fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Vasin factum, Candida albicans, Mucor sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum falcatum) were determined. The bioactivity of the extracts on the brine shrimp, Artemia was also observed. In addition, the toxicity of the extracts on the beetle, C. pusillus was· determined. Methanolic extracts of root of S. torvum and S. zeylanica exhibited higher toxicity on the microbes, brine shrimp and the beetle. All the extracts of the test plants showed toxic effects on the microbes tested by inhibiting their growth. The findings of the investigation elucidated that the Methanolic extract of two test plants possessed strong residual toxic effects on C. pusillus that may have promising potential in controlling storage pest management programmes.Item Studies on in Vitro Propagation of Aegle Marmelos. Corr.(University of Rajshahi, 1996) Karim, Md. Razaul; Joarder, O.I.; Islam, A. K.M. RafiqulThe aun of the present investigation was to standardize in vitro culture techniques for plant regeneration and root induction from the different explants such as, embryo, cotyledon. hypocotyl, leaf and nucellar tissue of the different 5 trees of Aegle marmelos. The morphogenic competence of these explants and trees were not same. Among these explants the morphogenic potentiality of the embryo explant was the highest and the leaf explant was the lowest. The morphogenic competency of Tree 5 was found to be higher than other trees. The embryo explant produced large number of adventitious buds when cultured in MS medium containing 1.0 mgl"1 BA+ 0.5 mgl"1 GA3 without intermediate callus formation. The cytokinins BA, Kn or 2ip alone was less effective. Lower concentrations of auxins or GA3 incombination with cytokinins increased direct shoot proliferation but supported callus growth. Occasional shoot proliferation was observed from root tip and leaf while they were attached with parent shoot. The morphogenic potentiality of the immature embryo was higher than the mature embryo. Higher concentrations of auxins (5.0 mgr1) incombination with lower concentrations of cytokinins (1.0-2.0 mgl"1) suppressed adventitious bud induction butinfluenced callus proliferation from embryo explant. The cotyledon explant induced multiple shoot formation directly or by passing callus stage when incubated in MS medium containing 1.0 mgl"1 BA+ 0.5 mg1"1 GA3• BA, Kn or 2ip with higher concentrations of auxins promoted callusing rather than direct shoot proliferation. Kn 2.0 mgl"1 + 2,4-D ~LO mg1"1 was the optimum growth regulator supplement for callusing from the cotyledon explant. Adventitious shoot regeneration directly or through organogenesis from the callus was obtained from the hypocotyl explant after culturing onto MS medium supplemented with different growth regulations formulations. Among the various growth regulators formulations, 2.0 mg1"1 BA + 0.2 mgl"1 NAA + 1.0 mg1"1 1.0 was found more effective Abstract combination for direct shoot regeneration and 2.0 mgl"1 BA+ 0.5 mgr1 GA3 was found to be the best for shoots induction from hypocotyl callus. Growth regulator combination 2.0 mgr1 Kn+ 5.0 mgr1 2,4-D was proved to be the best for long term maintenance of callus culture. The leaves of in vitro grown shoots showed potentiality to regenerate shoot BA 2.0 mgl"1 + NAA 0.2 rngl"1 and BA 0.2 mgr1 + IAA 0.2 mg1"1 were the optimum growth regulator supplements for direct shoot regeneration. Frequent shoot regeneration was obsetved from primary callus of the leaf explant. The morphogenic potentiality of more recently formed leaves was higher than the older ones. The nucellus of A. marmelos showed potentiality to regenerate shoots. BA 1.0 mgl"1 + NAA 0.1 mgl"1 was the optimum growth regulator supplement for the induction of direct shoot regeneration from the nucellar tissue. On the other hand, the nucellar explant induced to develop callus in 5.0 mgl"1 NAA + 2.0 mg1"1 Kn. Multiple shoot regeneration from the callus was obtained after the subsequent subculture onto 1.0 mgr1 BA+ 0.5 mgl"1 GA3 supplemented medium. The rooting potentiality of the microcuttings varied greatly with their sources of explant and different other factors. IBA 30 mgr1 in MS medium showed more effective media formulation for the maximum frequency of root initiation and root growth. Among the different agar, sucrose, and pH levels in the rooting medium 7.5 gl"1 , 30 gl"1 and 7.0 respectively, the best for root initiation and root length. In general, the rooting potentiality of rnicrocuttings derived juvenile tissues was higher than those derived from nucellar tissues. Rooted microcuttings were successfully acclimatized in non-sterile natural environment.Item Effect of Custard Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) Extract on the Mortality of the Red-Flour-,Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum HBST(University of Rajshahi, 1992) Sultana, Mst. Shajia; Khalequzzaman, M.The needs for evolution of pest management strategies basedon non-insecticidal chemicals having behavioural or physiological activity with insectistatic potential with or without selective insecticide deployment, has been recognized as an ecological imperative for well over a decade now. However, such chemicals are often highly specific, biodegradable, of low persistance, and their control potential is sophisticated and long-term. Although ecologically desirable, these very characteristics of noninsecticidal chemicals weigh against their economic feasibility and reduce their appeal to the primary users - the farmers. For this purpose an investigation has been carried out on the effect of chemicals extracted from the seed of custard apple, Annona sguamosa Linn.,. an insecticide-methacrifos and their combined doses on Tribolium castaneum strains local, CR-I, FSS-II and CTC 12. Custard apple seeds after drying extracted in four chemicals viz.,Petroleum Spirit, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. Those four type of chemicals extracted from the seeds along withmethacrifos tested on the adult beetles for all the strains.The extracted materials also treated on the larvae. Again the low doses of extracted chemicals and insecticide were applied combindly on the adult!• castaneum to observe the synergistic effect.----Item Toxicity of Plant Seed Oils on Some Microbes and the Lesser Meal Worm, Alphitobius Diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2006) Patoary, Md Raufun; Khan, Md. Ataur Rahman; Islam, Md. WahedulBioactivity and insecticidal properties of seeds of different plants, e.g., natai (Caesalpinia bondne L., family-Fabaceae), alkushi (Mucuna pruriens L., familyPapilionaceae), Rakta Chandan (Adenanthera pavonina L., family-Fabaceae), bahara (Terminalio belerica Geartn., family-Combretaceae), kalojam (Syzygium cumini L., family-Myrlaceae) and jayfol (Nfyristica Jragrans Houtt., family-Myristicaceae) on bacteria, fungi, brine shrimp and the insect Alphitobius diaper in us were investigated.