2007, July (Vol. 1, No. 1)

Browse

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF MUSTARD PRODUCTION IN JAMALPUR DISTRICT
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Huq, A. S. M. Anwarul; Zahan, W. A.; Zaman, M. M.; Kadir, M. M.
Present study was undertaken to determine the level of technical efficiency and analyse the status of resource allocation for mustard production in Jamalpur districts. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier model was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that cultivation of mustard is profitable but not at satisfactory level. By cultivating Tory-7 variety of mustard, net return was only Tk 1,5 16/-, and gross margin was only Tk 4,5 I6/- per hectare. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was I. I I for mustard. All of the fanners were found to have produced outputs with their mean technical efficiency was 80% (efficiency levels varying from 20% to 97%). On average, 20% technical inefficiency appears, which implies that the output per farm can be increased on average by 20% for mustard production under the prevailing technology (with Tory-7 variety) without incurring any additional production costs. Side by side advanced technology (high yielding variety) could be adapted to increase production of this oil crop.
GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassicajuncea L.)
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Houqe, Raisul; Chowdhury, M. A. Z.; Bhuiyarr, M. S. R.
A study of the attributes for seed yield of 28 F,s and their parents 8 x 8 diallel (excluding reciprocals) of Brassica juncea L., showed the contribution of both additive and non-additive components for all traits indicating the importance of both additive and dominance components. Dominant gene action was predominant in most of the traits except days to maturity, plant height and 1000-seed weight. Height heritability (76 per cent) was observed for days to maturity. The asymmetrical distribution of the positive and negative alleles at all loci was found for all the characters studied. The Vr-Wr graphs exhibited dominance effect of genes for all the characters. Over dominance was observed for the traits primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, length of siliqua, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant while partial dominance was observed for days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 1000-seed weight, harvest index and oil content. The graphical analysis indicated wide genetic diversity among the parents.
STUDY ON THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES ASSOCIATED IN RICE
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Rahman, M. M.
The field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm in Mynmensingh during Boro season. Thirteen different rice pests viz. Short-homed grasshopper, yellow stem borer, dark- headed striped borer, pink borer, white-backed plant hopper, green leafhopper, brown Plant hopper, zigzag leafhopper, whorl maggot, long homed grasshopper, rice leaf roller, green semi looper and rice bug were recorded during the present study. Among the stem borers, yellow stem borer (Scripophaga incertulasy was most dominant throughout the crop season followed by the dark-headed striped.borer (Chilo polychrysa and pink borer (Sesamia inferens). Green leafhopper lNephotettix virescens) was the dominant species among the plant-sucking insects. The population of leaf feeding insects was quite high and their densities varied in relation to plant age and season. Local improved Pajam had lower infestation than high yielding variety BR2. Twelve natural enemies (predator/parasitiod) were recorded from the crop field. They were carabid beetle (Ophionea nigrofaciatai, damselfly (Agriocnemis famina famina), ladybird beetle (Micraspis discolor, M. crucea, Menochilous sexmaculatus), spider (Tetragnathus sp. Oxyopes sp. and Lycosa pseudoanmulata), mirid bug (Cyrtorhinus lividipennisi, Tetrastichus schoenobii and Telenomus rowani. The ladybird beetle Micraspis discolor was abundant from early to late stage of rice crops.
PRACTICES OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT USE BY THE FARMERS
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Islam, M. A,; Hossain, M. A.; Amin, M. R.; Bashar, M. A.
The purpose of the study was to determine practices of !PM use by the farmers and to explore the relationship between the 'selected characteristics of the farmers and their use of rPM practices. The selected characteristics were: Age, Education, Family size, farm size, training received, annual family income, extension media contact and agricultural knowledge. The study was conducted in Birampur Upazila under Dinajpur district. Data were collected from randomly selected 108 farmers using an interview schedule. Pearson's product Moment Correlation was used for the statistical analysis. The findings revealed that majority (97.3 %) of the respondents had medium to high use of !PM practices. Only 2.7 percent of the respondents had low use oflPM practices. However, use of practice ofIPM in crop production by the farmers had positive significant relationship with their education and contact with extension media exposure, while age of the respondents had significant negative relationships with their practices. Among the five selected iPM practices, the farmers were found having good extent of use of IPM practices. Among the 5 identified IPM practices "chemical control" ranked first and 2nd, 3'", 4th and 5th position in the rank order were "control by cultivation", "cultivation of pest resistant variety", "mechanical control" and "biological control" respectively.
EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.).
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Ullah, M. J.; Hossain, F.; Fattah, Q. A.
A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangia Agricultural University, Dhaka, with two growth regulators - Potassium naphthenate (KNap) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on cowpea cv. Bari Falon-2 under irrigated condition. Three concentrations of KNap (1200, 1300 and 1400 ppm) and two concentrations ofNAA (40 and 50 ppm) along with control were tested. Results showed that the highest plant height was obtained when NAA was applied at the concentration of 50 ppm (91.57 em). Irrespective of treatment, dry matter (OM) increased progressively up to 105 DAS. The treatments 1300 ppm of KNap, 50 ppm of NAA and the combination of 1200 ppm of KNap with 30 ppm of NAA were at par and showed significant higher dry matter, yield attributes and yield. The highest values of dry matter/plant (60.85 g), pod length (14.25 em), number of pods/plant (13.03), number of seeds/pod (10.96), 1000 seed weight (125 g), seed yield/plant (17.85 g), seed yieldlha (1820 kg) and harvest index (37.90 %) were obtained with KNapl300 ppm.
POTENTIALITY OF SEED TREATMENT WITH SOME PLANT EXTRACT TO CONTROL BIPOLARIS LEAF BLIGHT (Bipolaris sorokiniana) AND INCREASING YIELD OF WHEAT
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Islam, M. A.; Aminuzzaman, F. M.; Islam, M. R.; Ullah, M. W.
A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts to control Bipolaris leaf blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and increasing grain yield of wheat. Water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica). 'allamanda'(Allamallda cathartica), 'mehedi'(Lawsonia alba) leaves, 'bishkatali' (Polygonum hydropiper) shoot, 'garlic'(Allium sativum) clove, onion (Allium cepa) bulb, black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed, and ginger (Zingiber officinalis) rhizome were prepared at a concentration of I :2. Wheat seeds were treated with individual plant extracts. Seeds were also treated with Vitavax-200 for comparison. It was found that all the plant extracts except mehedi increased seed germination on blotter. A remarkable reduction in incidence of seed borne Bipolaris sorokiniana was achieved with the botanicals. The disease severity was the lowest under Vitavax-200, followed by bishkatali and garlic extract. The highest disease severity was recorded under control. The increasd grain yield over control was achieved with extracts of onion, garlic, black cumin, ginger, bishkatali and neem. The efficacy of plant extracts to decrease disease severity and to increase zrain vield was more or less similar to that of Vitavax -200.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT AND MULCHING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LETTUCE
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Ali, M. A.; Farooque, M. A.; Akand, M. H.; Solaiman, A. H. M.
The experiment consisted of four levels of fertilizers and manure treatments viz. control, Cowdung 23.14 t/ha, chemical fertilizer (Urea 352 kglha, TSP 180 kglha and MP 158 kglha) and organic + inorganic fertilizer(cowdung 11.5 t/ha, Urea 177 kglha, TSP 62 kglha and MP 63 kglha) and four different mulching treatments viz., no mulch, rice straw, water hyacinth and black polythene mulch. Organic + inorganic fertilizer treatment gave maximum plant height (27.40 ern) and maximum number of leaves (24.6) per plant at 50 DAT during period of final harvesting. At the final harvest, the maximum fresh weight of leaves per plant (454.6 g), leaf area (411.5 em'), gross yield (46.01 t/ha), marketable yield (45.46 t/ha), percentage of dry matter content (11.24), percentage of fibre content (2.65) were recorded from organic + inorganic fertilizer treatement which was significantly superior to all other fertilizer treatments. Mulching treatments also showed a significant difference on plant height, number of leaf (at all dates of observation), leaf area, leaf yield per plant, percentage of fibre content, percentage of dry matter content, gross yield marketable yield per hectare at final harvest. The maximum values were in plants hight (25.61 ern), numbers of leaves (22.77), fresh leave weight (424.96 g) per plant, leaf area (393.2 crrr'), gross yield (26.01 t/ha) markatable yield (45.26 t/ha), percentage of dry matter (11.29) and percentage of fibre content (2.66) at final harvest. Different levels of organic + inorganic fertilizer as well as mulching had also significant combined effects on different parameter studied. Maximum plant height (29.13 ern), number of leaves per plant (26.00), fresh weight of leaves per plant (496.20 g), gross yield of leaves (50.27 t/ha) marketable yield (49.62 t/ha), percentage of dry matter of leaves (12.25) and percentage of fibre content (3.1) at final harvest (at 50 DAT) were observed in the treatment combination of organic + inorganic fertilizer with black polythene mulch. The best performace was obtained from treatment combination of organic + inorganic fertilizer with black polythene mulch that was considered to be the best combination of fertilizer management and mulching for maximising yield of lettuce.
PROBLEM CONFRONTATION IN MUSHROOM CULTIVATION OF THE CULTIVATORS
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Bashar, M. A.; Ali, M. S.; Islam, M. R.
The purpose of the study was to determine the problems confrontation of the cultivators in mushroom cultivation and to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the cultivators and their problem confrontation in mushroom cultivation. Cultivators 16 problems in mushroom cultivation were considered for the study. The study was conducted in Savar upazila under Dhaka district. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 cultivators by using an interview schedule. Scale score was used to determine cultivators problem in mushroom cultivation while a Problem confrontation Index (PCI) was used to make comparison among the 16 selected problems. Pearson's product Moment Correlation was used for statistical test. Majority (65 %) of the cultivators were found confronted medium problem, while 24 percent of the cultivators confronted low problem and II percent confronted high problem in mushroom cultivation. Among the selected characteristics of the cultivators education, land possession, mushroom cultivation area, annul family income, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness, extension contact, training exposure in mushroom cultivation and mushroom cultivation knowledge showed significant negative relationship with their problem confrontation and other two variables namely family size and experiences in mushroom cultivation had no significant relationship with problem confrontation in mushroom cultivation. On the basis of Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) boundness of the cultivators to supply commodities to middle man in low price ranked first followed by high price of spawn, complexity to get credit for mushroom cultivation, low demand in the local market, high rate of interest for credit. Lack of knowledge on proper doges of pesticide for pest control of mushroom ranked last.
COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC STUDY ON DAIRY FARMING IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Alam, S. B.; Nasrin, M. A.; Alam, M. J.
Dairy development through Field Fertility Clinic (FFC) is relatively a recent effort in Bangladesh. Farmers in the FFC areas are increasingly becoming interested in raising dairy cows. This paper is an attempt to examine the relative profitability of raising dairy cows by FFC members and non-members control farmers. The study revealed that annual average milk production per farm was 10075.32 litres and 8662.56 litres for FFC member and non-member control fanner respectively. In the case of FFC member farmer net return per farm was US S 852.44 while in the case of non-member control farmer. The member was US S 747.13. Return from per FFC member farm was higher by US $ 105.31 than the non-member control farm. The net change of dairy income from a farm was observed to be US S 407.22 and US $ 205.90 due to introduction of FFC veterinary services and recommended feeding practice respectively. It has been found that using the FFC veterinary services the net change of farm income was higher (US $ 407.22) than the FFC recommended feeding practice. CobbDouglas production function analysis was done to determine the effects of variables mainly for concentrate cost (X ,), rice straw cost (X,), green grass cost (X,), labour cost (X.), veterinary services cost (X,) and FFC intervention (D) on milk return. The finding suggested all of the selected variables had significant impact on milk return. It was further observed that all the resources except rice straw were used efficiently.
INFLUENCE OF PLANTING MATERIALS AND PLANTING METHODS ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF INBRED AND HYBRID RICE
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Main, M.A.; Biswas, P.K.; Ali, M. H.
A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 2005 to study the influence of planting materials and methods on yield and yield attributes of aman rice varieties. The experiment consisted of three planting materials: Sprouted seed (M,), Nursery seedling (M,) and Clonal tiller (MJ); two varieties: Inbreed variety (BR II, Mukta) and Hybrid variety (Sonar Bangia-I); and two planting methods: Broadcast (T,) and Line (T,) sowing. The experiment was laid out in a split- split-plot design with four replications. Experimental results showed that planting materials had significant effect on the studied parameters like total and filled grains panicle", 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index except effective tillers hill and straw yield. The highest grain yield (4.96 t ha") was obtained from clonal tillers and the lowest grain yield (4.24 t ha") from the sprouted seeds. Variety significantly influenced panicle length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The highest grain yield (4.70 t ha") was obtained from hybrid variety Sonar Bangia-I and the inbred variety BRII gave the lowest grain yield (4.43 t ha' I). Methods of planting influenced only on grain yield and harvest index. Line arrangement showed better performance with highest grain yield (4.81 t ha') than haphazard method (4.32 t ha' '). The combined effect of planting materials, varieties and planting method resulted in the highest grain yield from clonal tillers of hybrid variety with line sowing method.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF STEM AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS LIVIDIS L.)
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Rahman, M. J.; Uddain, J.; Halim, M. A.
An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of nitrogen and spacing on the growth and yield of stem amaranth (Amaranthus lividis L.) at Horticulture Farm in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, during March 15, 2004 to May 15,2004. Three spacing viz.S,;20cmx20cm, S,;20cmx30cm and S,;20cmx40cm and four levels of nitrogen viz. Ns=control, N,;IOOkgNlha, N,;150kgNlha, N,;200kgNlha were used in this experiment. The yield contributing characters such as plant height, leaf length, average number of leaves per plant, average number of branch per plant, stem girth, branched girth and average plant weight were significantly differed among the three spacing and four levels of nitrogen. The maximum plant height (57.67cm), leaf length (21.71cm), average number of leaves per plant (75.58), average number of branch per plant (13.67), stem girth (1.90cm), branch girth (1.31cm) were found from the widest spacing (S,) and the highest dose of nitrogen (N,) and the minimum of all the parameters were found in the closest spacing (S,) and control nitrogen level (No). The highest marketable yield (79.44t1ha) of was found from S,N, and the minimum yield (25.0tlha) was recorded from S,No.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SOIL ADDED ARSENIC ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CROPS IN RICE-RICE CROPPING PATTERN
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Khan, M .A.; Islam, M. R.; Panaullah, G. M.; Duxburry, J. M.; Jahiruddin, M.
A field Experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm during January 2004 to December 2005 in order to examine the adverse effect of As in rice. Boro-T, Aman-Boro-T. Aman rice crops were grown in sequence. There were five treatments consisting of 0, I, 2 ppm As added with irrigation water, 10 and 20 ppm As added to soil. Arsenic treatments were applied in Boro crops. The As contamination of soil either through irrigation water or directly to soil significantly affected the yield and yield components of Boro and T. Aman rice. Application of As added to the Boro rice had significant residual effects on the T. Aman rice. The irrigation water and soil added As depressed the plant height, number of tillers, filled grains panicle", 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yields of Boro and T. Aman rice. The grain yield reduction over the cropping seasons and treatments varied from 8.2 to 80% as compared to control treatment.
USING SOME IPM PACKAGES FOR SUPPRESSING BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) IN KHARlF SEASON
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Akter, A.; Begum, J.; Ah, M.; Rahman, M. M.
A study was conducted at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), . Dhaka during January to July, 2005 to evaluate the effect of six [PM Packages in suppressing brinjal shoot and fruit borer. [PM packages were: I. Mechanical + cultural control, 2. Mechanical + cultural control + Sumi-alpha 5EC @ Imill of water at 7 days interval, 3. Furadan 5G applied at vegetative stage+ Sumi-alpha 5EC applied at 7 days interval, 4. Mechanical + cultural control, Suntap 50 WP at 7 days interval,S. Suntap 50 WP at 7 days interval, 6. Mechanical and cultural . control + Suntap 50WP + Sum i-alpha 5EC at 5% infestation level, 7. An untreated control is needed in this study for comparison. These packages were tested on a local brinjal variety, "Khatkhatia'. Highest infestation of shoot (17%) & fruit (63% by wt. & 75% by no.) was observed in the control plot, which was significantly highest from all other treatments. The lowest shoot infestation (6.0%) and fruit infestation (36. I I %) was obtained from the plots of Mechanical and cultural control + Suntap50WP@lg/l & Sumi-alphaSEC @ Imlll of water, which was differed significantly from other treatments. The rate of fruit infestation due to BSFB was higher at later stages of crop growth for all the treatments.
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FEEDS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROBIOTIC (PROTXIN) SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HEN
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Wadud, M. A.; Alam, M. J.; Beg, M. A. H.; Hossain, M. M.
The study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial probiotic (Protexin) on daily feed consumption, egg yield, egg weight, feed conversion, external and internal qualities of egg and livability in layer hens. To achieve the objectives a total of96, 42 weekold layers arranged in four dietary treatment groups including control, containing 8 birds! replication supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% probiotic for a period of 16 weeks. The study reveals that the hen day egg production, feed conversion, egg weight and mass, egg shell weight, egg thickness and egg breaking strength increased linearly with the use of dietary protexin. However, livability and internal egg quality were not altered with the use of dietary protexin. Present study concluded that dietary supplementation of probiotic promote the laying performance and most of the external quality characteristics of eggs. In conclusion, it is recommended that dietary supplementation of probiotic at the rate of 1.5 gm per kg feed in the layer ration may be economically potential.
CONSEQUENCE OF SOME INSECTICIDES ON PREDATOR COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Sikder, M. M. H.; Bhuiyan, M.S. I.; Begum, J.
Studies were undertaken in the field and laboratory to investigate the effects of some insecticides viz., Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos used against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) or the predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. during November 2004 to February 2005 at the Sher-eBangia Agricultural University farm, Dhaka. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated five times. Insecticides were sprayed @ 0.05% on 27 December 2004 and on 12 January 2005. Records on the mortality of mustard aphid and toxic effect on the predators under the different treatments were made at I, 4 and 7 days after first and second spraying. The percent reduction of aphid infested plant, percent reduction of aphid population and percent reduction of the predator varied at different level of significant. The mortality of aphid, larvae and adult of the predator were significant at various levels. Mortality of the aphid reached highest after 24 hours of spraying. Cypermethrin was the most effective insecticide causing the highest mortality of mustard aphid and less toxic effect on the predator. Cypermethrin showed higher effectiveness than other three insecticides in increasing various growth parameters and seed yield of mustard. Considering benefit cost ratio (BCR), Cypermethrin was found to be the most economic and effective insecticide in controlling L. erysimi. and most safer for predator lady bird beetle.