2007, July (Vol. 1, No. 1)
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Item COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC STUDY ON DAIRY FARMING IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Alam, S. B.; Nasrin, M. A.; Alam, M. J.Dairy development through Field Fertility Clinic (FFC) is relatively a recent effort in Bangladesh. Farmers in the FFC areas are increasingly becoming interested in raising dairy cows. This paper is an attempt to examine the relative profitability of raising dairy cows by FFC members and non-members control farmers. The study revealed that annual average milk production per farm was 10075.32 litres and 8662.56 litres for FFC member and non-member control fanner respectively. In the case of FFC member farmer net return per farm was US S 852.44 while in the case of non-member control farmer. The member was US S 747.13. Return from per FFC member farm was higher by US $ 105.31 than the non-member control farm. The net change of dairy income from a farm was observed to be US S 407.22 and US $ 205.90 due to introduction of FFC veterinary services and recommended feeding practice respectively. It has been found that using the FFC veterinary services the net change of farm income was higher (US $ 407.22) than the FFC recommended feeding practice. CobbDouglas production function analysis was done to determine the effects of variables mainly for concentrate cost (X ,), rice straw cost (X,), green grass cost (X,), labour cost (X.), veterinary services cost (X,) and FFC intervention (D) on milk return. The finding suggested all of the selected variables had significant impact on milk return. It was further observed that all the resources except rice straw were used efficiently.Item STUDY ON THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES ASSOCIATED IN RICE(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Rahman, M. M.The field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm in Mynmensingh during Boro season. Thirteen different rice pests viz. Short-homed grasshopper, yellow stem borer, dark- headed striped borer, pink borer, white-backed plant hopper, green leafhopper, brown Plant hopper, zigzag leafhopper, whorl maggot, long homed grasshopper, rice leaf roller, green semi looper and rice bug were recorded during the present study. Among the stem borers, yellow stem borer (Scripophaga incertulasy was most dominant throughout the crop season followed by the dark-headed striped.borer (Chilo polychrysa and pink borer (Sesamia inferens). Green leafhopper lNephotettix virescens) was the dominant species among the plant-sucking insects. The population of leaf feeding insects was quite high and their densities varied in relation to plant age and season. Local improved Pajam had lower infestation than high yielding variety BR2. Twelve natural enemies (predator/parasitiod) were recorded from the crop field. They were carabid beetle (Ophionea nigrofaciatai, damselfly (Agriocnemis famina famina), ladybird beetle (Micraspis discolor, M. crucea, Menochilous sexmaculatus), spider (Tetragnathus sp. Oxyopes sp. and Lycosa pseudoanmulata), mirid bug (Cyrtorhinus lividipennisi, Tetrastichus schoenobii and Telenomus rowani. The ladybird beetle Micraspis discolor was abundant from early to late stage of rice crops.Item STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FEEDS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROBIOTIC (PROTXIN) SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HEN(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Wadud, M. A.; Alam, M. J.; Beg, M. A. H.; Hossain, M. M.The study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial probiotic (Protexin) on daily feed consumption, egg yield, egg weight, feed conversion, external and internal qualities of egg and livability in layer hens. To achieve the objectives a total of96, 42 weekold layers arranged in four dietary treatment groups including control, containing 8 birds! replication supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% probiotic for a period of 16 weeks. The study reveals that the hen day egg production, feed conversion, egg weight and mass, egg shell weight, egg thickness and egg breaking strength increased linearly with the use of dietary protexin. However, livability and internal egg quality were not altered with the use of dietary protexin. Present study concluded that dietary supplementation of probiotic promote the laying performance and most of the external quality characteristics of eggs. In conclusion, it is recommended that dietary supplementation of probiotic at the rate of 1.5 gm per kg feed in the layer ration may be economically potential.Item PRACTICES OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT USE BY THE FARMERS(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Islam, M. A,; Hossain, M. A.; Amin, M. R.; Bashar, M. A.The purpose of the study was to determine practices of !PM use by the farmers and to explore the relationship between the 'selected characteristics of the farmers and their use of rPM practices. The selected characteristics were: Age, Education, Family size, farm size, training received, annual family income, extension media contact and agricultural knowledge. The study was conducted in Birampur Upazila under Dinajpur district. Data were collected from randomly selected 108 farmers using an interview schedule. Pearson's product Moment Correlation was used for the statistical analysis. The findings revealed that majority (97.3 %) of the respondents had medium to high use of !PM practices. Only 2.7 percent of the respondents had low use oflPM practices. However, use of practice ofIPM in crop production by the farmers had positive significant relationship with their education and contact with extension media exposure, while age of the respondents had significant negative relationships with their practices. Among the five selected iPM practices, the farmers were found having good extent of use of IPM practices. Among the 5 identified IPM practices "chemical control" ranked first and 2nd, 3'", 4th and 5th position in the rank order were "control by cultivation", "cultivation of pest resistant variety", "mechanical control" and "biological control" respectively.Item CONSEQUENCE OF SOME INSECTICIDES ON PREDATOR COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Sikder, M. M. H.; Bhuiyan, M.S. I.; Begum, J.Studies were undertaken in the field and laboratory to investigate the effects of some insecticides viz., Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos used against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) or the predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. during November 2004 to February 2005 at the Sher-eBangia Agricultural University farm, Dhaka. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated five times. Insecticides were sprayed @ 0.05% on 27 December 2004 and on 12 January 2005. Records on the mortality of mustard aphid and toxic effect on the predators under the different treatments were made at I, 4 and 7 days after first and second spraying. The percent reduction of aphid infested plant, percent reduction of aphid population and percent reduction of the predator varied at different level of significant. The mortality of aphid, larvae and adult of the predator were significant at various levels. Mortality of the aphid reached highest after 24 hours of spraying. Cypermethrin was the most effective insecticide causing the highest mortality of mustard aphid and less toxic effect on the predator. Cypermethrin showed higher effectiveness than other three insecticides in increasing various growth parameters and seed yield of mustard. Considering benefit cost ratio (BCR), Cypermethrin was found to be the most economic and effective insecticide in controlling L. erysimi. and most safer for predator lady bird beetle.Item INFLUENCE OF PLANTING MATERIALS AND PLANTING METHODS ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF INBRED AND HYBRID RICE(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Main, M.A.; Biswas, P.K.; Ali, M. H.A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 2005 to study the influence of planting materials and methods on yield and yield attributes of aman rice varieties. The experiment consisted of three planting materials: Sprouted seed (M,), Nursery seedling (M,) and Clonal tiller (MJ); two varieties: Inbreed variety (BR II, Mukta) and Hybrid variety (Sonar Bangia-I); and two planting methods: Broadcast (T,) and Line (T,) sowing. The experiment was laid out in a split- split-plot design with four replications. Experimental results showed that planting materials had significant effect on the studied parameters like total and filled grains panicle", 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index except effective tillers hill and straw yield. The highest grain yield (4.96 t ha") was obtained from clonal tillers and the lowest grain yield (4.24 t ha") from the sprouted seeds. Variety significantly influenced panicle length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The highest grain yield (4.70 t ha") was obtained from hybrid variety Sonar Bangia-I and the inbred variety BRII gave the lowest grain yield (4.43 t ha' I). Methods of planting influenced only on grain yield and harvest index. Line arrangement showed better performance with highest grain yield (4.81 t ha') than haphazard method (4.32 t ha' '). The combined effect of planting materials, varieties and planting method resulted in the highest grain yield from clonal tillers of hybrid variety with line sowing method.Item EFFECT OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT AND MULCHING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LETTUCE(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Ali, M. A.; Farooque, M. A.; Akand, M. H.; Solaiman, A. H. M.The experiment consisted of four levels of fertilizers and manure treatments viz. control, Cowdung 23.14 t/ha, chemical fertilizer (Urea 352 kglha, TSP 180 kglha and MP 158 kglha) and organic + inorganic fertilizer(cowdung 11.5 t/ha, Urea 177 kglha, TSP 62 kglha and MP 63 kglha) and four different mulching treatments viz., no mulch, rice straw, water hyacinth and black polythene mulch. Organic + inorganic fertilizer treatment gave maximum plant height (27.40 ern) and maximum number of leaves (24.6) per plant at 50 DAT during period of final harvesting. At the final harvest, the maximum fresh weight of leaves per plant (454.6 g), leaf area (411.5 em'), gross yield (46.01 t/ha), marketable yield (45.46 t/ha), percentage of dry matter content (11.24), percentage of fibre content (2.65) were recorded from organic + inorganic fertilizer treatement which was significantly superior to all other fertilizer treatments. Mulching treatments also showed a significant difference on plant height, number of leaf (at all dates of observation), leaf area, leaf yield per plant, percentage of fibre content, percentage of dry matter content, gross yield marketable yield per hectare at final harvest. The maximum values were in plants hight (25.61 ern), numbers of leaves (22.77), fresh leave weight (424.96 g) per plant, leaf area (393.2 crrr'), gross yield (26.01 t/ha) markatable yield (45.26 t/ha), percentage of dry matter (11.29) and percentage of fibre content (2.66) at final harvest. Different levels of organic + inorganic fertilizer as well as mulching had also significant combined effects on different parameter studied. Maximum plant height (29.13 ern), number of leaves per plant (26.00), fresh weight of leaves per plant (496.20 g), gross yield of leaves (50.27 t/ha) marketable yield (49.62 t/ha), percentage of dry matter of leaves (12.25) and percentage of fibre content (3.1) at final harvest (at 50 DAT) were observed in the treatment combination of organic + inorganic fertilizer with black polythene mulch. The best performace was obtained from treatment combination of organic + inorganic fertilizer with black polythene mulch that was considered to be the best combination of fertilizer management and mulching for maximising yield of lettuce.Item POTENTIALITY OF SEED TREATMENT WITH SOME PLANT EXTRACT TO CONTROL BIPOLARIS LEAF BLIGHT (Bipolaris sorokiniana) AND INCREASING YIELD OF WHEAT(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Islam, M. A.; Aminuzzaman, F. M.; Islam, M. R.; Ullah, M. W.A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts to control Bipolaris leaf blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and increasing grain yield of wheat. Water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica). 'allamanda'(Allamallda cathartica), 'mehedi'(Lawsonia alba) leaves, 'bishkatali' (Polygonum hydropiper) shoot, 'garlic'(Allium sativum) clove, onion (Allium cepa) bulb, black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed, and ginger (Zingiber officinalis) rhizome were prepared at a concentration of I :2. Wheat seeds were treated with individual plant extracts. Seeds were also treated with Vitavax-200 for comparison. It was found that all the plant extracts except mehedi increased seed germination on blotter. A remarkable reduction in incidence of seed borne Bipolaris sorokiniana was achieved with the botanicals. The disease severity was the lowest under Vitavax-200, followed by bishkatali and garlic extract. The highest disease severity was recorded under control. The increasd grain yield over control was achieved with extracts of onion, garlic, black cumin, ginger, bishkatali and neem. The efficacy of plant extracts to decrease disease severity and to increase zrain vield was more or less similar to that of Vitavax -200.Item GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassicajuncea L.)(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Houqe, Raisul; Chowdhury, M. A. Z.; Bhuiyarr, M. S. R.A study of the attributes for seed yield of 28 F,s and their parents 8 x 8 diallel (excluding reciprocals) of Brassica juncea L., showed the contribution of both additive and non-additive components for all traits indicating the importance of both additive and dominance components. Dominant gene action was predominant in most of the traits except days to maturity, plant height and 1000-seed weight. Height heritability (76 per cent) was observed for days to maturity. The asymmetrical distribution of the positive and negative alleles at all loci was found for all the characters studied. The Vr-Wr graphs exhibited dominance effect of genes for all the characters. Over dominance was observed for the traits primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, length of siliqua, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant while partial dominance was observed for days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 1000-seed weight, harvest index and oil content. The graphical analysis indicated wide genetic diversity among the parents.Item TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF MUSTARD PRODUCTION IN JAMALPUR DISTRICT(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-07) Huq, A. S. M. Anwarul; Zahan, W. A.; Zaman, M. M.; Kadir, M. M.Present study was undertaken to determine the level of technical efficiency and analyse the status of resource allocation for mustard production in Jamalpur districts. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier model was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that cultivation of mustard is profitable but not at satisfactory level. By cultivating Tory-7 variety of mustard, net return was only Tk 1,5 16/-, and gross margin was only Tk 4,5 I6/- per hectare. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was I. I I for mustard. All of the fanners were found to have produced outputs with their mean technical efficiency was 80% (efficiency levels varying from 20% to 97%). On average, 20% technical inefficiency appears, which implies that the output per farm can be increased on average by 20% for mustard production under the prevailing technology (with Tory-7 variety) without incurring any additional production costs. Side by side advanced technology (high yielding variety) could be adapted to increase production of this oil crop.