Year 2021

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MANGO PRODUCTION IN CHAPAINAWABGANJ DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY OF SHIBGANJ UPAZILA
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) UDDIN, JOSIM
A study was conducted to identify the status of mango production, mango varieties produced, and to explore their relationship with some selected characteristics. Data were collected from randomly selected 120 mango growers from six selected villages of Shibganj upazila under Chapainawabganj district through personal interview during March to August, 2022. Data were collected on age, education, family size, farm size, land used in mango production, annual income, experience and knowledge on mango production, varieties and number of mango trees and so on. Estimated three dependent variables on some selected characteristics of mango production. In the study, about three fourths (79.20 %) and more than the same (70.80 %) of the respondents had high mango production and very high income respectively. Majority (74.2 %) of respondents involved in mango production had high (>10 ton) production and medium production percentage was also so sound with 13.3% of respondents (7-10 ton). So, it may be concluded that, the study area bears a better mango production sign. For mango production, highest proportion (45%) of respondents had moderately large sized (1.01-2.80 ha) of land which were almost entire (1.01-3.00 ha) of the farm size though mango cultivated land in homestead area were negligible and had no effect on total production. The study indicated that large farm size, land use in mango production, annual income, and knowledge in mango production had major determents’ of annual mango production and annual income from mango production individually. Although respondents certified that Chapainawabganj district is profitable in respect of mango production but further study should be taken place with other variables and characteristics that related to farmers in mango production in different upazila of Chapainawabganj district.
ADOPTION AND PROFITABILITY OF MAIZE PRODUCTION IN GANGACHARA UPAZILA UNDER RANGPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) ALAM, MD. JAHANGIR
Maize is a newly introduced cereal crop in Bangladesh. Growers are still in hesitation in adoption of this crop because of its production technique, processing and consumption as food. The main purpose of this study was to determine on Adoption and Profitability of Maize Production in the study area. The study was conducted in Gangachara upazila under Rangpur district. Data were collected from 80 respondent farmers selected following disproportionate random sampling technique. A pre-tested interview schedule was used in collection of data during July to August, 2022. Collected data were compiled, coded, analyzed and interpreted as per objectives of the study. Results indicate that 70 percent farmers were young and middleaged farmers where 38.75 percent illiterate and 80 percent belonged to Nuclear family size, 82.5 percent having small farm size, 46.25 percent high farming experience and 66.25 percent low extension contact. Adoption of maize variety score ranged from 5.38 to 99.95 percent with an average of 76 percent. Majority of the respondents (61.25%) had high adoption. Overall BCR of maize was found as 1.36 where Palwan, Bahuboli 555, Dalia 5455, Kabri 50 are different maize varieties included. Level of education and farm size of the respondent showed negative significant relationship with adoption of maize production while annual family income and organizational participation of the respondent showed positive relationship with adoption of maize production. Storage facility at farmers’ level due to high moisture content, availability of credit, difficulty in consumption as food due to lack of processing facility and poor technical information were the major problems faced by the maize growers. The respondents being living in the Char land demonstrated lower socio-economic conditions but adopted maize production comparatively high level and functional training may be arranged by the concerned authority.
MARKETING CHANNEL AND EFFICACY OF AMAN RICE IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF CUMILLA DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HADI, ALIF ABDULLAH AL
Aman rice is a popular variety of rice grown in Bangladesh, particularly in the Aman season (JuneNovember). The marketing channel efficacy of Aman rice in Bangladesh is critical for the success of farmers, traders, and other stakeholders involved in the rice supply chain. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing channels used to distribute and promote Aman rice in selected areas of Cumilla districts. Marketing channels for Aman rice include traditional channels such as wholesale markets, retailers, and local vendors. The study adopts a survey research design, where data collected from 135 respondents, comprising of farmers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers in the study area. This thesis examines the marketing channel efficacy of Aman rice in selected areas of Cumilla district, utilizing General Formulas of Gross Marketing Margin, Marketing Cost, Net Margin, and Shepherd's Formula for Efficacy Model. The research aims to identify the most effective marketing channels for Aman rice and recommend strategies for enhancing their effectiveness. The results reveal that there are four marketing channels for Aman rice in the study area, namely, channel I (farmer to faria to consumer), channel II (farmer to bapari to consumer), channel III (farmer to aratder to consumer), and channel IV (farmer to miller to consumer). Using the composite index formula, the study finds that channel IV has the highest marketing effectiveness, followed by channel III, channel II, and channel I. The findings of such research can provide insights into the most effective marketing channels for promoting and distributing Aman rice, as well as the potential for expanding market reach and increasing sales through innovative marketing strategies. Keywords: Aman rice, marketing channels, efficacy, Cumilla districts, Bangladesh.
DETERMINANTS OF PESTICIDE USE AND RISK PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN BRINJAL PRODUCTION
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MIYA, MD. LALON
Farmers are working extremely hard to boost crop yields by using more pesticides and fertilizer as a result of the rising global demand for food and the shrinking amount of arable land. But using pesticides in agriculture has had unfavorable repercussions on the environment and human health. The study was conducted to examine the determinants of pesticide use and risk protective behaviour in brinjal production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. Besides, attempt had given to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the brinjal farmers, to identify the factors that significantly influence farmers use of pesticides in brinjal production, to compare the use of pesticides among brinjal farmers and investigate the comparison of risk protective behaviour among brinjal farmers. Two upazilas called Shibganj and Shahjahanpur under the Bogura districts was selected purposively for the study on the basis of extensive brinjal production. Simple sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 102 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multiple linear regression coefficients of contributing determinants related to the determinants of pesticide use in brinjal. Results indicated that safety behaviors in pesticide use were inadequate, particularly in majority of the farmers were overusing insecticides, fungicides and herbicide. The majority of the farmers (40) did not use mask as a result of low education levels, high cost and low availability. Due to their low levels of education, high costs, and lack of access, the majority of farmers (34) did not know about pesticide toxicity. Findings from the Multiple linear regression coefficients model estimation indicated that use of NPK and plot size are significant at 1% level and experience, highest education level of the family and family size are significant at 5% level and significantly influenced the amount of pesticide usage. In order to allow correct pesticide usage for improved livelihoods and environmental protection, the study advised the implementation of risk protective measures, safety training programs and suitable extension services. In terms of public policy, developing and executing targeted interventions aiming at encouraging the limit of detrimental consequences of excessive pesticide use on human health and the environment.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) KHATUN, MAUNJERA
The main objective of the study was to identify some of the factors that influence household food insecurity in the North-South region of Bangladesh. Two upazilas one from Rajshahi and another upazila from Chapainawangonj district. A simple random sampling method was employed to select the final sampling units. The study period was from June 2021 to June 2022. A household food balance food model was adopted and the recommended daily calorie requirement was used to determine the household food security status. Household food insecurity causation was then examined using the logistic regression model. The descriptive result observed that 42.50% of the respondents said that their food is secure and 57.50% of the respondents said that their food is insecure. We have used the chi-square test to describe the relationship between food security status and its determinants. From the chi-square test, it is seen that family size, annual income, and annual yield, were significantly related to household food security status at 1%, 97.5%, and 99% level of significance. The values of Cox and Snell and Nagelkerke R Square .536 and .720 indicate that 53.6% and 72% of the total variation of household food security status was explained by family size, annual income, and annual yield. The Hosmer- Lemeshow test result reported chi–a square value of 2.062 with a p-value of .846 on 5 degrees of freedom. Showing that there is no difference between observed and expected values. The model fits the data at an acceptance level. Assessment of the interaction terms showed that none of them were statistically significant and hence were excluded from the model. Internal consistency reliability of the data used in the study is concerned; Cronbach alpha coefficient of .182 is obtained. This means on average, household heads have similar opinions or judgments towards considering the 4 items or variables (Family Size, Annual Income Annual Yield) as major determinants of food insecurity.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF DATE PALM MOLASSES COMMERCIALIZATION IN SELECTED PLACES OF JASHORE, BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HASAN, MD. RAKIBUL
The objectives of this paper were to explore socio-economic profile and measure profitability analysis of date palm molasses producing households. Primary data collection was carried out at three upazila of Jashore district along with fifteen key queries. This research was based on field data purveyed from 75 households following purposive sampling technique. Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to determine the effects of premediated cost factors on molasses commercialization. Tapping tree contract, earthen sap pot, labor wage, firewood and marketing cost factors had significant impact on molasses turnover. Large scale production (BCR 2.21) was explored more profitable than marginal scale (BCR 1.88). The average market prices were attained BDT 232.93/kg (large scale) and BDT 219.90/kg (marginal scale). Almost 98% respondents privileged with nutritious food intake and had over 80% significant impact on livelihood and societal security. Finally, some perplexities were distinguished including adultrated molasses presence in market, lack of efficient artisans, theft plausibility and quality date palm saps shortage along with compatible suggestions to reincarnate such signature.
PROFITABILITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CHILI PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED UPAZILA OF BOGURA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) RAHMAN, MD. MASUDUR
Agriculture plays vital role and is taken as the most important sector of economy in Bangladesh. Bangladesh possesses very fertile land in which various types of crops are produced. Chili is one of the most important crops grown in Bangladesh. The goal of the current study was to measure the profitability and technical efficiency of chili farmers in selected Sariakandi, Gabtoli and Sonatola, upazilas in Bogura district. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 60 farmers during July month. Both tabular and functional analyses were applied in this study. The major findings of the study reveal that chili production is profitable Total cost of production was Tk. 353512 per hectare. Gross returns was Tk. 695263 per hectare and net returns was Tk. 341750 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.97 which implies that one taka investment in chili production generated Tk. 1.97. In this study, the technical efficacy of chili growers was evaluated using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The coefficients of parameters like human labor, fertilizers and insecticides were positive where human labor and fertilizers are not significant but insecticides is significant and indicated positive effect on chili production. Others, Seed and irrigation were negative and significant indicated that negative effect on chili production. In the technical inefficiency effect model, experience, farm size, extension service and credit service have negative coefficients indicating that this helps in reducing technical inefficiency of chili farmers. The study also identified some issues, such as insect-pest and disease infestation, the use of fertilizer and pesticides, and the scarcity of high yielding seed varieties, which are primarily experienced by farmers of chili, and it made some recommendations for how to improve the current production situation so that the yield of chili per hectare might be increased.
CURRENT SCENARIO OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME, FOOD SECURITY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG HANDLOOM WEAVERS OF SHIRAJGANJ DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MUMU, REHNUMA ISRAT
Rural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. In this regard handloom industry is one of the most important factors for the development of Bangladesh. Handloom industry is the most ancient cottage industry in Bangladesh but many of the handloom weavers are in vulnerable situation. Poverty and food security are intricately interlinked and it should be analyzed in different dimensions. This study was conducted to assess the calorie intake level, determine the factors influencing calorie intake and identify the problems faced by the handloom weaver households in a selected area of Bangladesh. A sample size of 200 households was selected simple random sampling method from Four villages. Data were collected through field survey by using pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule. To assess the per person per day calorie intake level of the sample household's members, the food consumption data of seven days was measured by standard value of 100 gm each food item. To determine the factor influencing calorie intake multiple regression analysis was carried out. Calorie intake level and food consumption scores were used to measure poverty and food insecurity. According to calorie intake level, there was no respondent belonged to ultra-poor (<1600 kcal). About 5.5% of the respondents belonged to hard core poor (<1805 kcal) whose average calorie intake was 1698.13 kcal and 21% of the respondents had an average calorie intake 2078.36 k. calories and they belonged to absolute poor. The rest 73.5% of the respondents took above 2122 kcal. and average calorie was 2251.77 kcal. Therefore, the maximum number of respondents belonged to the Non-poor group. Food consumption vary one group to another. People with higher income have ability to consume both essential and luxury foods. On the other hand, income with lower and middle rate people have to maintain their consumption list containing essentials one. Income of the household have positive impact on calorie intake of the household's members. Among the reported problems low wage rate and increase price of input was ranked the main problem faced by the handloom weavers. Bangladesh Handloom Board, government and non-government organizations, and institutions can take specialized policies for handloom weavers to reduce poverty and strengthen food security.
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BEAN PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) DAS, SANJOY CHANDRA
Leguminous crops like beans play a vital role to meet up our protein requirement. Beans contain 20-30% protein on a dry weight basis which is nearly three times than that in most cereals. Among all the leguminous crops, beans are very popular and nutritious vegetables in Bangladesh. Beans provide a good amount of protein in addition to vitamins and minerals. In Bangladesh total land area under bean cultivation is 15385 hectares and the production is 83,000 metric tons during 2006-2007(BBS, 2008). There is a great demand of bean seeds in the overseas market which may open a new horizon of export of this vegetables in those markets. The present study was conducted to estimate the farm productivity of bean production in Muktagacha and Fulbaria Upazila of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Three villages from each Upazila were specially selected for this study. In total, 80 bean farmers were selected specially for the study. Out of 80 samples, 40 were from Muktagacha Upazilla and 40 were from Fulbaria Upazila. Primary data were collected during September to October of 2021 through field visit. The required data were collected through structured interview schedule from the 80 jute farmers. The secondary information sources were DAE reports, Bangladesh economic review, BBS, different journals, newspaper, relevant websites etc. Descriptive statistics and CobbDouglas production function model were used to address the main objectives of the study. The results of the study showed that, per hectare average total cost for producing bean was Tk. 32402.38. Per hectare gross returns above cash cost from bean production was estimated Tk. 99302.06 and per hectare average net return of bean production was Tk. 66899.68. It was also expressed that net return was higher at Fulbaria upazila. The study considered human labor cost, tillage cost, seed cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and pesticides cost, these six variables. The study showed that seed cost and fertilizers cost had significant impact on bean production. The study also marked out that bean producers were facing some problems such as: low price of bean, high labor cost, unavailability of human labor, farmers not keeping any records of bean production etc. If these problems could be solved within the shortest possible time, all the bean producers could be able to earn a much higher profit than the existing level. On the basis of findings, some recommendations were made for the development of bean sector in Bangladesh.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) KHATUN, MAUNJERA
The main objective of the study was to identify some of the factors that influence household food insecurity in the North-South region of Bangladesh. Two upazilas one from Rajshahi and another upazila from Chapainawangonj district. A simple random sampling method was employed to select the final sampling units. The study period was from June 2021 to June 2022. A household food balance food model was adopted and the recommended daily calorie requirement was used to determine the household food security status. Household food insecurity causation was then examined using the logistic regression model. The descriptive result observed that 42.50% of the respondents said that their food is secure and 57.50% of the respondents said that their food is insecure. We have used the chi-square test to describe the relationship between food security status and its determinants. From the chi-square test, it is seen that family size, annual income, and annual yield, were significantly related to household food security status at 1%, 97.5%, and 99% level of significance. The values of Cox and Snell and Nagelkerke R Square .536 and .720 indicate that 53.6% and 72% of the total variation of household food security status was explained by family size, annual income, and annual yield. The Hosmer- Lemeshow test result reported chi–a square value of 2.062 with a p-value of .846 on 5 degrees of freedom. Showing that there is no difference between observed and expected values. The model fits the data at an acceptance level. Assessment of the interaction terms showed that none of them were statistically significant and hence were excluded from the model. Internal consistency reliability of the data used in the study is concerned; Cronbach alpha coefficient of .182 is obtained. This means on average, household heads have similar opinions or judgments towards considering the 4 items or variables (Family Size, Annual Income Annual Yield) as major determinants of food insecurity.
IMPACT AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF SHRIMP FARMING IN SELECTED AREAS OF SATKHIRA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HOSSAIN, SUMON
The study was conducted to categorize and portray the constraints and vicinity impact of shrimp farming. Data and information were collected from 90 gher of selected three upazilas of Satkhira district in Bangladesh following purposive sampling technique. Among ten selected constraints “Over chances of virus intrusion” got the highest score (CCI-166) while “Biasness in partnership/muscle power crisis” got the lowest score (CCI-28) in Constraints confrontation index valued from 0 to 150. Meanwhile, the shrimp gher proprietors were privileged with comparatively more BCR (4.18) corresponding with Paddy (2.07), Brinjal (2.93) and Tomato (3.04). This led individuals to come forward in such aquatic activity inspired by family heritage. Over 90% hatchery household were advantaged by intaking nutritious food. Furthermore, about 85% had household development and 84% had recreational and educational feasibility. However, several catastrophes ascended due to shrimp commercialization motive. Exploration identified inadequacy of fresh drinking water, agrarian soil salinity acceleration, exploitation of natural fingerling as well as other aquatic organism multiplication and human disease outbreak prominently. Therefore, sustainable steps need to be followed to enhance the existing farm arena without hampering the environmental food chain.
AN ECONOMIC AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MINOR CROPS CULTIVATION IN BOGURA DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HASAN, MD. MEHEDY
The present study is an attempt to examine the profitability of major minor crop production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. In order to attain the objectives, a total 101 farmers were randomly selected from three thanas namely Bogura sadar, Gabtoli and Sariakandi under Bogura district. Both tabular and statistical analysis (simple statistical technique, Cobb-Douglas production function) were done to achieve the objectives of the study. The study found that production of all the selected minor crop were profitable. Per hectare gross cost of producing pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber were Tk. 111692.67, Tk 136112.6, Tk 132821.58 and Tk. 141658.73 respectively and the corresponding per hectare gross return from pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber amounted at Tk. 186586, Tk 215763, Tk 229080 and Tk. 217910 respectively. Per hectare net returns of producing of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber were Tk. 74893.33, Tk 79650.4, Tk 97068.72 and Tk. 76251.27respectively. Benefit cost ratios of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber production per hectare were 1.67,1.58,1.72 and 1.54 respectively. The farmers earned the highest profit from pumpkin followed by pointed gourd, bitter melon, and cucumber cultivation. The study reported some problems and constraints faced by the farmers during production and marketing of selected minor crops. Probable solutions to these problems were also suggested. Considerable scope apparently exists in the study areas to increase the productivity of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were made to improve practices for selected minor crops production with a view to increasing the income and employment opportunities the farm
DETERMINANTS OF PESTICIDE USE AND RISK PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN CAULIFLOWER PRODUCTION
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MITOO, MD. ABDUR RAHMAN
Increasing demand for food and the diminishing agricultural land has resulted in farmers putting great efforts to increase crop yields by using more fertilizer and pesticides. Pesticide use in agricultural production has, however, produced undesirable effects on human health and the environment. The study was conducted to examine the determinants of pesticide use and risk protective behaviour in cauliflower production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. Besides, attempt had given to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the cauliflower farmers, to identify the factors that significantly influence farmers use of pesticides in cauliflower production, to compare the use of pesticides among cauliflower farmers and investigate the comparison of risk protective behaviour among cauliflower farmers. Two upazilas called Shibganj and Shahjahanpur under the Bogura districts was selected purposively for the study on the basis of extensive cauliflower production. Simple sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 99 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multiple linear regression coefficients of contributing determinants related to the determinants of pesticide use in cauliflower. Results indicated that safety behaviors in pesticide use were inadequate, particularly in majority of the farmers were overusing insecticides, fungicides and herbicide. The majority of the farmers (54) did not use mask as a result of low education levels, high cost and low availability. Due to their low levels of education, high costs, and lack of access, the majority of farmers (58) did not know about pesticide toxicity. Findings from the Multiple linear regression coefficients model estimation indicated that use of NPK and Highest education level of family are significant at 5% level and plot size is significant at 1% level and significantly influenced the amount of pesticide usage. In order to allow correct pesticide usage for improved livelihoods and environmental protection, the study advised the implementation of risk protective measure, safety training programs and suitable extension services. In terms of public policy, developing and executing targeted interventions aiming at the limit of detrimental consequences of excessive pesticide use on human health and the environment.