Year 2021
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Item DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) KHATUN, MAUNJERAThe main objective of the study was to identify some of the factors that influence household food insecurity in the North-South region of Bangladesh. Two upazilas one from Rajshahi and another upazila from Chapainawangonj district. A simple random sampling method was employed to select the final sampling units. The study period was from June 2021 to June 2022. A household food balance food model was adopted and the recommended daily calorie requirement was used to determine the household food security status. Household food insecurity causation was then examined using the logistic regression model. The descriptive result observed that 42.50% of the respondents said that their food is secure and 57.50% of the respondents said that their food is insecure. We have used the chi-square test to describe the relationship between food security status and its determinants. From the chi-square test, it is seen that family size, annual income, and annual yield, were significantly related to household food security status at 1%, 97.5%, and 99% level of significance. The values of Cox and Snell and Nagelkerke R Square .536 and .720 indicate that 53.6% and 72% of the total variation of household food security status was explained by family size, annual income, and annual yield. The Hosmer- Lemeshow test result reported chi–a square value of 2.062 with a p-value of .846 on 5 degrees of freedom. Showing that there is no difference between observed and expected values. The model fits the data at an acceptance level. Assessment of the interaction terms showed that none of them were statistically significant and hence were excluded from the model. Internal consistency reliability of the data used in the study is concerned; Cronbach alpha coefficient of .182 is obtained. This means on average, household heads have similar opinions or judgments towards considering the 4 items or variables (Family Size, Annual Income Annual Yield) as major determinants of food insecurity.Item DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) KHATUN, MAUNJERAThe main objective of the study was to identify some of the factors that influence household food insecurity in the North-South region of Bangladesh. Two upazilas one from Rajshahi and another upazila from Chapainawangonj district. A simple random sampling method was employed to select the final sampling units. The study period was from June 2021 to June 2022. A household food balance food model was adopted and the recommended daily calorie requirement was used to determine the household food security status. Household food insecurity causation was then examined using the logistic regression model. The descriptive result observed that 42.50% of the respondents said that their food is secure and 57.50% of the respondents said that their food is insecure. We have used the chi-square test to describe the relationship between food security status and its determinants. From the chi-square test, it is seen that family size, annual income, and annual yield, were significantly related to household food security status at 1%, 97.5%, and 99% level of significance. The values of Cox and Snell and Nagelkerke R Square .536 and .720 indicate that 53.6% and 72% of the total variation of household food security status was explained by family size, annual income, and annual yield. The Hosmer- Lemeshow test result reported chi–a square value of 2.062 with a p-value of .846 on 5 degrees of freedom. Showing that there is no difference between observed and expected values. The model fits the data at an acceptance level. Assessment of the interaction terms showed that none of them were statistically significant and hence were excluded from the model. Internal consistency reliability of the data used in the study is concerned; Cronbach alpha coefficient of .182 is obtained. This means on average, household heads have similar opinions or judgments towards considering the 4 items or variables (Family Size, Annual Income Annual Yield) as major determinants of food insecurity.Item DETERMINANTS OF PESTICIDE USE AND RISK PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN BRINJAL PRODUCTION(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MIYA, MD. LALONFarmers are working extremely hard to boost crop yields by using more pesticides and fertilizer as a result of the rising global demand for food and the shrinking amount of arable land. But using pesticides in agriculture has had unfavorable repercussions on the environment and human health. The study was conducted to examine the determinants of pesticide use and risk protective behaviour in brinjal production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. Besides, attempt had given to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the brinjal farmers, to identify the factors that significantly influence farmers use of pesticides in brinjal production, to compare the use of pesticides among brinjal farmers and investigate the comparison of risk protective behaviour among brinjal farmers. Two upazilas called Shibganj and Shahjahanpur under the Bogura districts was selected purposively for the study on the basis of extensive brinjal production. Simple sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 102 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multiple linear regression coefficients of contributing determinants related to the determinants of pesticide use in brinjal. Results indicated that safety behaviors in pesticide use were inadequate, particularly in majority of the farmers were overusing insecticides, fungicides and herbicide. The majority of the farmers (40) did not use mask as a result of low education levels, high cost and low availability. Due to their low levels of education, high costs, and lack of access, the majority of farmers (34) did not know about pesticide toxicity. Findings from the Multiple linear regression coefficients model estimation indicated that use of NPK and plot size are significant at 1% level and experience, highest education level of the family and family size are significant at 5% level and significantly influenced the amount of pesticide usage. In order to allow correct pesticide usage for improved livelihoods and environmental protection, the study advised the implementation of risk protective measures, safety training programs and suitable extension services. In terms of public policy, developing and executing targeted interventions aiming at encouraging the limit of detrimental consequences of excessive pesticide use on human health and the environment.Item CURRENT SCENARIO OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME, FOOD SECURITY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG HANDLOOM WEAVERS OF SHIRAJGANJ DISTRICT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MUMU, REHNUMA ISRATRural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. In this regard handloom industry is one of the most important factors for the development of Bangladesh. Handloom industry is the most ancient cottage industry in Bangladesh but many of the handloom weavers are in vulnerable situation. Poverty and food security are intricately interlinked and it should be analyzed in different dimensions. This study was conducted to assess the calorie intake level, determine the factors influencing calorie intake and identify the problems faced by the handloom weaver households in a selected area of Bangladesh. A sample size of 200 households was selected simple random sampling method from Four villages. Data were collected through field survey by using pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule. To assess the per person per day calorie intake level of the sample household's members, the food consumption data of seven days was measured by standard value of 100 gm each food item. To determine the factor influencing calorie intake multiple regression analysis was carried out. Calorie intake level and food consumption scores were used to measure poverty and food insecurity. According to calorie intake level, there was no respondent belonged to ultra-poor (<1600 kcal). About 5.5% of the respondents belonged to hard core poor (<1805 kcal) whose average calorie intake was 1698.13 kcal and 21% of the respondents had an average calorie intake 2078.36 k. calories and they belonged to absolute poor. The rest 73.5% of the respondents took above 2122 kcal. and average calorie was 2251.77 kcal. Therefore, the maximum number of respondents belonged to the Non-poor group. Food consumption vary one group to another. People with higher income have ability to consume both essential and luxury foods. On the other hand, income with lower and middle rate people have to maintain their consumption list containing essentials one. Income of the household have positive impact on calorie intake of the household's members. Among the reported problems low wage rate and increase price of input was ranked the main problem faced by the handloom weavers. Bangladesh Handloom Board, government and non-government organizations, and institutions can take specialized policies for handloom weavers to reduce poverty and strengthen food security.Item MARKETING CHANNEL AND EFFICACY OF AMAN RICE IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF CUMILLA DISTRICT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HADI, ALIF ABDULLAH ALAman rice is a popular variety of rice grown in Bangladesh, particularly in the Aman season (JuneNovember). The marketing channel efficacy of Aman rice in Bangladesh is critical for the success of farmers, traders, and other stakeholders involved in the rice supply chain. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing channels used to distribute and promote Aman rice in selected areas of Cumilla districts. Marketing channels for Aman rice include traditional channels such as wholesale markets, retailers, and local vendors. The study adopts a survey research design, where data collected from 135 respondents, comprising of farmers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers in the study area. This thesis examines the marketing channel efficacy of Aman rice in selected areas of Cumilla district, utilizing General Formulas of Gross Marketing Margin, Marketing Cost, Net Margin, and Shepherd's Formula for Efficacy Model. The research aims to identify the most effective marketing channels for Aman rice and recommend strategies for enhancing their effectiveness. The results reveal that there are four marketing channels for Aman rice in the study area, namely, channel I (farmer to faria to consumer), channel II (farmer to bapari to consumer), channel III (farmer to aratder to consumer), and channel IV (farmer to miller to consumer). Using the composite index formula, the study finds that channel IV has the highest marketing effectiveness, followed by channel III, channel II, and channel I. The findings of such research can provide insights into the most effective marketing channels for promoting and distributing Aman rice, as well as the potential for expanding market reach and increasing sales through innovative marketing strategies. Keywords: Aman rice, marketing channels, efficacy, Cumilla districts, Bangladesh.Item PROFITABILITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CHILI PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED UPAZILA OF BOGURA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) RAHMAN, MD. MASUDURAgriculture plays vital role and is taken as the most important sector of economy in Bangladesh. Bangladesh possesses very fertile land in which various types of crops are produced. Chili is one of the most important crops grown in Bangladesh. The goal of the current study was to measure the profitability and technical efficiency of chili farmers in selected Sariakandi, Gabtoli and Sonatola, upazilas in Bogura district. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 60 farmers during July month. Both tabular and functional analyses were applied in this study. The major findings of the study reveal that chili production is profitable Total cost of production was Tk. 353512 per hectare. Gross returns was Tk. 695263 per hectare and net returns was Tk. 341750 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.97 which implies that one taka investment in chili production generated Tk. 1.97. In this study, the technical efficacy of chili growers was evaluated using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The coefficients of parameters like human labor, fertilizers and insecticides were positive where human labor and fertilizers are not significant but insecticides is significant and indicated positive effect on chili production. Others, Seed and irrigation were negative and significant indicated that negative effect on chili production. In the technical inefficiency effect model, experience, farm size, extension service and credit service have negative coefficients indicating that this helps in reducing technical inefficiency of chili farmers. The study also identified some issues, such as insect-pest and disease infestation, the use of fertilizer and pesticides, and the scarcity of high yielding seed varieties, which are primarily experienced by farmers of chili, and it made some recommendations for how to improve the current production situation so that the yield of chili per hectare might be increased.Item DETERMINANTS OF PESTICIDE USE AND RISK PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN CAULIFLOWER PRODUCTION(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) MITOO, MD. ABDUR RAHMANIncreasing demand for food and the diminishing agricultural land has resulted in farmers putting great efforts to increase crop yields by using more fertilizer and pesticides. Pesticide use in agricultural production has, however, produced undesirable effects on human health and the environment. The study was conducted to examine the determinants of pesticide use and risk protective behaviour in cauliflower production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. Besides, attempt had given to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the cauliflower farmers, to identify the factors that significantly influence farmers use of pesticides in cauliflower production, to compare the use of pesticides among cauliflower farmers and investigate the comparison of risk protective behaviour among cauliflower farmers. Two upazilas called Shibganj and Shahjahanpur under the Bogura districts was selected purposively for the study on the basis of extensive cauliflower production. Simple sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 99 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multiple linear regression coefficients of contributing determinants related to the determinants of pesticide use in cauliflower. Results indicated that safety behaviors in pesticide use were inadequate, particularly in majority of the farmers were overusing insecticides, fungicides and herbicide. The majority of the farmers (54) did not use mask as a result of low education levels, high cost and low availability. Due to their low levels of education, high costs, and lack of access, the majority of farmers (58) did not know about pesticide toxicity. Findings from the Multiple linear regression coefficients model estimation indicated that use of NPK and Highest education level of family are significant at 5% level and plot size is significant at 1% level and significantly influenced the amount of pesticide usage. In order to allow correct pesticide usage for improved livelihoods and environmental protection, the study advised the implementation of risk protective measure, safety training programs and suitable extension services. In terms of public policy, developing and executing targeted interventions aiming at the limit of detrimental consequences of excessive pesticide use on human health and the environment.Item ADOPTION AND PROFITABILITY OF MAIZE PRODUCTION IN GANGACHARA UPAZILA UNDER RANGPUR DISTRICT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) ALAM, MD. JAHANGIRMaize is a newly introduced cereal crop in Bangladesh. Growers are still in hesitation in adoption of this crop because of its production technique, processing and consumption as food. The main purpose of this study was to determine on Adoption and Profitability of Maize Production in the study area. The study was conducted in Gangachara upazila under Rangpur district. Data were collected from 80 respondent farmers selected following disproportionate random sampling technique. A pre-tested interview schedule was used in collection of data during July to August, 2022. Collected data were compiled, coded, analyzed and interpreted as per objectives of the study. Results indicate that 70 percent farmers were young and middleaged farmers where 38.75 percent illiterate and 80 percent belonged to Nuclear family size, 82.5 percent having small farm size, 46.25 percent high farming experience and 66.25 percent low extension contact. Adoption of maize variety score ranged from 5.38 to 99.95 percent with an average of 76 percent. Majority of the respondents (61.25%) had high adoption. Overall BCR of maize was found as 1.36 where Palwan, Bahuboli 555, Dalia 5455, Kabri 50 are different maize varieties included. Level of education and farm size of the respondent showed negative significant relationship with adoption of maize production while annual family income and organizational participation of the respondent showed positive relationship with adoption of maize production. Storage facility at farmers’ level due to high moisture content, availability of credit, difficulty in consumption as food due to lack of processing facility and poor technical information were the major problems faced by the maize growers. The respondents being living in the Char land demonstrated lower socio-economic conditions but adopted maize production comparatively high level and functional training may be arranged by the concerned authority.Item AN ECONOMIC AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MINOR CROPS CULTIVATION IN BOGURA DISTRICT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) HASAN, MD. MEHEDYThe present study is an attempt to examine the profitability of major minor crop production in some selected areas of Bogura district in Bangladesh. In order to attain the objectives, a total 101 farmers were randomly selected from three thanas namely Bogura sadar, Gabtoli and Sariakandi under Bogura district. Both tabular and statistical analysis (simple statistical technique, Cobb-Douglas production function) were done to achieve the objectives of the study. The study found that production of all the selected minor crop were profitable. Per hectare gross cost of producing pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber were Tk. 111692.67, Tk 136112.6, Tk 132821.58 and Tk. 141658.73 respectively and the corresponding per hectare gross return from pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber amounted at Tk. 186586, Tk 215763, Tk 229080 and Tk. 217910 respectively. Per hectare net returns of producing of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber were Tk. 74893.33, Tk 79650.4, Tk 97068.72 and Tk. 76251.27respectively. Benefit cost ratios of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber production per hectare were 1.67,1.58,1.72 and 1.54 respectively. The farmers earned the highest profit from pumpkin followed by pointed gourd, bitter melon, and cucumber cultivation. The study reported some problems and constraints faced by the farmers during production and marketing of selected minor crops. Probable solutions to these problems were also suggested. Considerable scope apparently exists in the study areas to increase the productivity of pointed gourd, bitter melon, pumpkin and cucumber. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were made to improve practices for selected minor crops production with a view to increasing the income and employment opportunities the farmItem FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BEAN PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 2021) DAS, SANJOY CHANDRALeguminous crops like beans play a vital role to meet up our protein requirement. Beans contain 20-30% protein on a dry weight basis which is nearly three times than that in most cereals. Among all the leguminous crops, beans are very popular and nutritious vegetables in Bangladesh. Beans provide a good amount of protein in addition to vitamins and minerals. In Bangladesh total land area under bean cultivation is 15385 hectares and the production is 83,000 metric tons during 2006-2007(BBS, 2008). There is a great demand of bean seeds in the overseas market which may open a new horizon of export of this vegetables in those markets. The present study was conducted to estimate the farm productivity of bean production in Muktagacha and Fulbaria Upazila of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Three villages from each Upazila were specially selected for this study. In total, 80 bean farmers were selected specially for the study. Out of 80 samples, 40 were from Muktagacha Upazilla and 40 were from Fulbaria Upazila. Primary data were collected during September to October of 2021 through field visit. The required data were collected through structured interview schedule from the 80 jute farmers. The secondary information sources were DAE reports, Bangladesh economic review, BBS, different journals, newspaper, relevant websites etc. Descriptive statistics and CobbDouglas production function model were used to address the main objectives of the study. The results of the study showed that, per hectare average total cost for producing bean was Tk. 32402.38. Per hectare gross returns above cash cost from bean production was estimated Tk. 99302.06 and per hectare average net return of bean production was Tk. 66899.68. It was also expressed that net return was higher at Fulbaria upazila. The study considered human labor cost, tillage cost, seed cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and pesticides cost, these six variables. The study showed that seed cost and fertilizers cost had significant impact on bean production. The study also marked out that bean producers were facing some problems such as: low price of bean, high labor cost, unavailability of human labor, farmers not keeping any records of bean production etc. If these problems could be solved within the shortest possible time, all the bean producers could be able to earn a much higher profit than the existing level. On the basis of findings, some recommendations were made for the development of bean sector in Bangladesh.