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Item Histopathological Insights, Surgical Comparisons, and Post-Operative Healing in Ovariohysterectomy Approaches for Pyometra in Cats(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-12) Omar Alvi, Md. AdnanThis study compares and contrasts the midline and lateral flank methods for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in cats with pyometra, concentrating on surgical efficacy, recovery, wound healing, and histological findings. Pyometra, a serious uterine infection, demands surgical removal of the reproductive organs to avoid systemic consequences. Histopathological examination indicated severe uterine abnormalities, such as endometrial shrinkage, epithelial shedding, and localized inflammation. Ovarian tissues showed cystic follicles and structural abnormalities, indicating that the disease produced systemic hormonal imbalances. Both surgical methods were applied to two Persian cats. Post-operative recovery, wound healing, and surgical visibility were monitored over 15 days. The lateral flank approach resulted in quicker recovery and less post-operative discomfort, whereas the midline approach provided enhanced access to reproductive structures. Despite similar wound healing outcomes between the approaches, histopathological findings emphasized the importance of timely surgical intervention to mitigate pyometra’s systemic effects. The choice of surgical method should align with the patient's clinical needs, with the midline approach preferred for complex cases and the flank approach for faster recovery in routine scenarios.Item A case report on management of Urolithiasis associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in cat(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Nahar, SabikunA 5-year-old male domestic shorthair cat who was brought to Shahedul Alam Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital with signs of dysuria, hematuria, and decreased appetite. Initial examinations revealed physical discomfort in the abdominal region. Ultrasonography was used to assess the morphology of both kidneys that confirmed the presence of uroliths within the bladder and thickened renal cortex. Blood samples were taken to estimate biochemical markers such as glucose, total protein (TP), SGPT, SGOT, serum creatinine, BUN, phosphorus, and albumin. The urine sample was tested for numerous parameters, including pH, nitrite, specific gravity, proteinuria, bilirubin, and glucose. Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, proteinemia, proteinuria, acidic pH of urine suggesting urolithiasis associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Correction of urethral obstruction with catheterization as well as treatment, fluid therapy, phosphate binder and vitamin were given with renal diet. The cat was monitored for the next month and recovered normally without any complictions.Item Surgical Management of Urolithiasis by Cystotomy in a Persian Cat- A Case Report(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Das, TarakmoyUrolithiasis is a common and significant condition where formation of calculi, crystals in urinary tract results in formation of urinary stones that can lead to severe complications. This case study details the surgical management of a 2.5-year-old neutered female Persian cat diagnosed with urolithiasis after presenting with dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, and bladder distention. Radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging confirmed the presence of bladder stones. A pre-medication dosage of 1 mg/kg of xylazine was administered to the cat. Ketamine was used to induce and maintain anesthesia. Then the cat underwent a cystotomy, a procedure that involve making a ventral midline incision through umbilicus to access the urinary bladder, where an incision was made to remove the uroliths. After removing stones the bladder was then closed in multiple layers in cushing pattern using vicryl 3-0 sutures, and the abdominal muscles, subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured with appropriate materials. Post-operatively, the cat was administered antibiotics, anti-histamines, and a herbal supplement to prevent recurrence. The report discusses the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention in managing urolithiasis, with an emphasis on the cystotomy procedure. Additionally, it highlights the role of diet, urine pH, and other risk factors in the development of urinary stones, underscoring the need for preventive care to reduce the risk of recurrence.Item Diagnostic Confirmation and Treatment of Hadjelia truncata-Induced Parasitic Ventriculitis in Pigeons at Hathazari Livestock and Veterinary Hospital.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Islam, SahriarHadjelia truncata, a nematode parasite, is a primary causative agent of parasitic ventriculitis in pigeons. This parasitic infection primarily targets the digestive tract, inducing significant damage to the gizzard. Two adult pigeons, exhibiting symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, and emaciation, were submitted for post-mortem examination at Hathazari Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Necropsy revealed an enlarged and distorted gizzard with undigested feed particles, minor hemorrhages indicative of parasitic ventriculitis. Microscopic examination of fecal samples identified embryonated eggs of Hadjelia truncata, confirming the parasitic infection as the cause of death. The parasitic ventriculitis were treated with ivermectin administered at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days leading to a reduction in mortality and resolution of clinical signs. The farmer was also advised to ensure clean drinking water and fresh feed for the pigeons. This study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatment for Hadjelia truncata infections in pigeons and highlights the need for ongoing research and management strategies to prevent the spread of parasitic diseases in commercial pigeon farming.Item Molecular detection of multi-drug resistant Enterococcus spp. from poultry in Chattogram, Bangladesh(2024) Hasan, NazmulEnterococcus spp. are commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and animals. This can turn highly infectious when their relationship with the host is disrupted, particularly under stressful conditions. The objective of this study was to detect and characterize multi-drug resistant (MDR) Enterococcus spp, E. faecalis, and E. faecium in poultry cloacal samples from Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 60 cloacal samples from poultry (broiler, Sonali, and Deshi) were collected from live bird market (LBM) and commercial farm to detect Enterococcus spp., E. faecalis, and E. faecium. Antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria were determined using the disk diffusion method. Of the 60 cloacal samples from poultry, 40 (66.7%, 95% CI: 53.3%-78.3%) tested positive for Enterococcus spp. Among all the samples, only 2 (3.3%; 95%CI: 0.4%-11.5) were identified as Enterococcus faecalis. However, no E. faecium were detected in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all Enterococcus spp isolates (n=40) frequently exhibited phenotypic resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin (80%), vancomycin (62.5%), ampicillin (55%). Moderate to lower resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolates were detected against gentamicin (47.5%), tigecycline (42.5%) and nitrofurantoin (30%). Out of 38 Enterococcus spp. isolates, 30 isolates (78.9%; 95% CI: 62.7%-90.4%) exhibited a phenotypic multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of Enterococcus spp. isolates ranged from 0.14 to 1. Bivariate analysis revealed a high significant positive correlation between resistance profiles of tigecycline and ampicillin, vancomycin and ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and ampicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and vancomycin. The presence of MDR Enterococcus in poultry is alarming, as it highlights a potential public health threat due to their possibility to enter into the food chain.Item Macro and Micro Anatomy of the Respiratory System of Male and Female Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Deb, AmitMuscovy duck (China Hash) is one of the most popular breeds of duck in Bangladesh. Currently, there is a huge demand in the country. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the features of respiratory systems of both male and female Muscovy duck in gross and microscopic samples and to compare them with other avian species. Two adult Muscovy ducks (one male & one female) of one year age were collected from the local poultry market of Chattogram, Bangladesh, and were brought into the Anatomy lab of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The ducks were sacrificed by avoiding pain and distress according to animal welfare standard guidelines and procedures and systematic dissection was performed. Different respiratory organs i.e. larynx, trachea, syrinx, and lungs were observed in situ and isolated. Sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to observe microscopic structures. The study showed that the length of the larynx of male and female ducks was 2.5 cm and 2.3 cm, respectively. The length of the trachea of male and female ducks was 18 cm and 13.8 cm, respectively. The number of tracheal rings in the male Muscovy was 103 and the female Muscovy was 87. At the bifurcation of the trachea, there was a laterally swollen structure called the syringeal bulla in the male Muscovy duck. The syringeal bulla was a large bony swelling projecting from the left side of the trachea in male with 1.6 cm length and 1.4 cm width, while in female, it was not projected beyond the tracheal walls. The right and left lungs of both male and female Muscovy were symmetrical in size. The male lungs were larger than the female lungs. Research related to this species is few in number. Thus, this research will help the people of management and clinicians for disease diagnosis, treatment, increased production and monitor for the conservation of this species.Item Investigation on Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Herbivores and Carnivores of Chattogram Zoo, Chattogram, Bangladesh(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Hasan, Mohammad MehediGastrointestinal parasites pose significant health risks to captive animals, whose confinement and stress increase susceptibility to infections. This study investigated the prevalence and causal agents of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in selected captive herbivores and carnivores of Chattogram Zoo, Chattogram. A total of 17 fecal samples from 11 species of captive herbivores and carnivores were screened using direct smear, sedimentation, and floatation techniques. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was 29.41%, with herbivores showing a higher prevalence (44.45%) compared to carnivores (12.5%). Six different types of parasites were identified in this study including Monizia sp., Ostertagia sp., Trichuris sp. Chebartia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Oesophagostomum sp. Mixed infection was found only in herbivores. Protozoa and trematodes were not detected in this study. The animals showed no obvious clinical symptoms, indicating a subclinical infection. However, among these parasites, Ostertagia sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. can cause severe clinical disease under immune-compromised or adverse environmental condition. This study suggests the need for further detailed epidemiological studies on species-specific parasite along with regular feces examination regardless of illness and an effective deworming schedule should be implemented to control parasitic infection in Chattogram Zoo.Item A CLINICAL CASE REPORT ON AURAL HEMATOMA IN A GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Pervin, SadiaAn eight year old male German Shepherd dog with 32 kg body weight was brought to Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center (TTPHRC), Purbachal, Dhaka, Bangladesh with a complain of soft swelling at the inner surface of the pinna with a history of violent shaking of the head and persistent left ear scratching. Physical examination findings revealed a hematoma in the left ear. Initially medicinal treatment was tried but didn’t succeed. A surgical operation was carried out to prevent recurrence. An S-shaped incision was made on the concave side of the pinna of the left ear. Hematoma and fibrin clots were removed. An ample number of sutures were given to minimize space for fluid accumulation. At follow-up, the dog developed myiasis due to improper management. This case emphasizes the significance of early detection and suitable care for aural hematomas in elderly dogs with surgery being the most successful long-term cure.Item GROSS AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DUODENUM OF BROILERS(Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-Ctg, 2014-03) NATH, SABUJ KANTIWe studied anatomy and histology of duodenumof the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of five chickens, each at day 1 (D1), days 7 (D7), day 12(D12), day 24(D24ss)and days 34 (D34), total 5, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of different segments of duodenum were recorded. Samples of duodenum were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average length of duodenum were significantly higher in broilers at day 34(145.75µm) than that at day 24(145.2µm), day 12(132.6µm), day 7(127.2µm) and day 1(101.3µm). On the other hand, the width were significantly higher in broilers at day 34(21.24µm) than that at day 24(20.30µm), day 12(19.92µm), day 7(18.50µm) and day 1(17.30µm).In diameter of the muscle also maintain this sequence but villi/mm² are higher at day 1 (no.12) and lower at day 34(no.3) which has reverse relationship to length, width & muscle layer diameter.Item Gross and histological studies of crop and proventiculus of broiler (Cobb- 500) at different ages during their postnatal stages of development(Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-Ctg, 2014-03) Akter, KhodejaThe study was based on the observation of anatomy and histology of crop and proventiculus of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of five chickens, each at day 1 (D1), day 14 (D14),and day 28 (D28), were slaughtered; their digestive tracts were dissected and described; shape, size and weight of different segments of crop and proventiculus were recorded. Samples of crop and proventiculus were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths and weight of crop, proventriculus, were significantly higher at D28 than that at D14 and at D1and number of mucossl fold higher at D1than that of D14,D28. Various layers of crop and proventiculus are lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa which were same for all ages. The histological structure of the crop is similar to the oesophagus. The mucous glands are reduced in size and the lymphatic tissues are dispersed in the connective tissue. There is a thin stratum of smooth muscle and two wider layers of longitudinal and circular musculature in crop. The lining epithelium of the crop was keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which was thicker in the broiler at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The proventricular mucosa of the papilla is arranged into folds (plicae) and depression (sulcus), also covered by columner cells. There were also a primary duct lined by columner cells joins the lumen of the proventiculus.Submucosa of the proventriculus contains loose connective tissue, tunica muscularis containing smooth musle.The proventicular glands were more in number and the size of the glands were larger in D28 than that of D14, D1.