Surgical Management of Urolithiasis by Cystotomy in a Persian Cat- A Case Report

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a common and significant condition where formation of calculi, crystals in urinary tract results in formation of urinary stones that can lead to severe complications. This case study details the surgical management of a 2.5-year-old neutered female Persian cat diagnosed with urolithiasis after presenting with dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, and bladder distention. Radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging confirmed the presence of bladder stones. A pre-medication dosage of 1 mg/kg of xylazine was administered to the cat. Ketamine was used to induce and maintain anesthesia. Then the cat underwent a cystotomy, a procedure that involve making a ventral midline incision through umbilicus to access the urinary bladder, where an incision was made to remove the uroliths. After removing stones the bladder was then closed in multiple layers in cushing pattern using vicryl 3-0 sutures, and the abdominal muscles, subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured with appropriate materials. Post-operatively, the cat was administered antibiotics, anti-histamines, and a herbal supplement to prevent recurrence. The report discusses the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention in managing urolithiasis, with an emphasis on the cystotomy procedure. Additionally, it highlights the role of diet, urine pH, and other risk factors in the development of urinary stones, underscoring the need for preventive care to reduce the risk of recurrence.