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    PROFITABILITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF BORO RICE CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NETROKONA DISTRICT
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) RONY, MARJIA AKTER
    Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country. The dominant food crop in Bangladesh is rice, accounting 75 percent of agricultural land use. The purpose of the study was to describe the socio-economic characteristics; to examine the profitability and technical efficiency and to identify problem faced by the farmers in boro rice production in the study area. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 60 farmers from six villages under Durgapur upazila of Netrokona district. Both tabular and statistical analyses were applied in this study. The study revealed that boro rice production is profitable. The cost of production of boro rice was Tk. 112725.01 per hectare. Gross return of boro rice was Tk. 138000 per hectare, gross margin of boro rice was Tk.58619.39 per hectare and that of net return was Tk. 25274.99 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.22 which implies that a boro rice producer could earn Tk 1.22 with the investment of Tk 1.00. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used for this study to measure technical efficiency of boro rice producers. The coefficients of parameters like hired labor, urea and insecticide were negative, where family labor, machinery and MoP were found positive. The study also identified some problems and constraints faced by the boro rice farmers and suggested some recommendations to improve the present production situation so that yield of boro rice would possibly be increased.
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    ECONOMIC STUDY ON LENTIL AND MUNG BEAN PRODUCTION IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) SULTANA, MONIRA
    Lentil and mung bean have been playing very crucial role to ensure food and nutrition security in Bangladesh. Presently, more than two-third of its annual demand are fulfilled by overseas imports. Besides proper utilization of domestic resources, to achieve self-sufficiency, national production enhancement of these pulses has been emphasized. This study was conducted in Madaripur and Faridpur district of Bangladesh to estimate the financial and economic profitability of lentil and mung bean cultivation and to assess its comparative advantage in domestic production. Required primary data for this study were collected from 120 respondents during March to April, 2021. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and policy analysis matrix (PAM) were applied. Findings of the study reveals that per hectare yield of lentil and mung bean were 1.22 and 0.81 metric ton (MT), respectively. Financial analysis shows that the net return of lentil and mung bean production were Tk. 41497 and Tk. 24626 per hectare with a benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.66 and 1.63, respectively. The economic profitability of lentil and mung bean production were Tk. 17001/MT and Tk. 13396/MT, respectively. Domestic resource cost (DRC) analysis reveals that both the lentil (DRC = 0.66) and mung bean (DRC = 0.72) had a comparative advantage in domestic production for import substitution. Policy analysis matrix under import parity price suggests also that government policies were favourable to the domestic producers. Findings of the ratio indicators under import parity condition (NPCO, NPCI, EPC and PCR) further show that existing policy environment tends to protect the interest of the lentil and mung bean producers at production level. So, numerous policy supports are there for the producers. For further achievement, government should strengthen the ongoing input and output supports. Input market monitoring, farmers awareness rising, technology oriented training and further research for successful adoption of pulse crops in between the rice based cropping patterns are also warranted.
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    FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF ONION CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF FARIDPUR DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2021-06) HASAN, MESHKAT
    The present study was designed to measure resource use efficiency of onion farmers and to estimate the profitability of onion production in selected areas of three upazila Sadarpur, Charvadrashan and Saltha in Faridpur district. Primary data were collected from 120 farmers which constituted 40 farmers from each upazila respectively. A random sampling was followed. Both tabular and statistical analyses were applied in this study. The major findings of the study reveal that onion production is profitable. Total cost of production was Tk. 258581.00 per hectare. Gross returns were Tk. 512160.00 and net returns was Tk. 253579.00. Per hectare yields of onion bulb was found 12804.00 kg. Per hectare human labor was used 150 man-days. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.98. Production function analysis suggested that, among the variables included in the model, cost of bulb, total labor cos, and irrigation cost had a positive and significant effect but land preparation cost had positive but insignificant on the gross return of onion production, except for cost of pesticide & cost of fertilizer had a negative and insignificant effect on the gross return of onion cultivation. This study also identified some of the problems and constraints associated with onion cultivation. The problems and constraints, of course, are interrelated with one another and hence, need to be removed comprehensively through an integrated programme for the overall development of onion cultivation.
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    FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF FISHING HOUSHOLDS IN KISHOREGANJ
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) RAHAMAN, MD. MAKSODUR
    Food security is mostly important for all the living people especially in the rural or under developed area where people are not conscious about food and nutrition. The study briefs out the existing issues of food security in haor area of Nikli Upzila. The overall objectives of this study were to examine the present socioeconomic status of the fishing household, which factors were constraints for food security and identified the problems of accessing foods in Nikli Upazila of Kishoreganj district. A total of 110 sample respondents were interviewed by using simple random sampling techniques. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Socioeconomic status and problems faced by the respondents were assessed by using descriptive statistics and presented in tabular form. The extent of dietary diversity which was used to assess the food security status was assessed using descriptive statistics also. The factor determining the food security status of the small scale fishing community at Nikli Upazila was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. After analyzing the respondent data, result showed that the average family size of sample households was 5.32 and 69.09 % of the survey respondents were found to have no education. Besides among the respondents 59.09 % hold yearly income from BDT 160000-190000. After analyzing, it was found majority of the expenditure spent on food items which hold 55.3 % of total cost. The result showed that age of the respondent, food expenditure, education, access to information having loan were significant factors those affect food security status of the fishing households. Various issues like climate change, population growth, increasing cost of food, uncontrolled market etc. were found to be encountered by respondents in the research region when attempting to obtain food. The respondents ranked the increasing cost of food items as the most serious problem among the six challenges. Therefore, it is highly needed to emphasis government support to ensure the food security.
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    FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CHILI CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) HASAN, MD. KAWSAR
    The study was planned to measure the financial profitability and technical efficiency of chili cultivators in selected Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazila of Sylhet district. From 70 farmers, primary data has been gathered randomly during November to December. Both tabular and functional analyses were offered in this study. The study proved that chili cultivation is profitable. The total cost of cultivation was Tk. 426736 per hectare. Gross returns were Tk. 785343.93 per hectare and net returns were Tk. 358607.93 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.84 which reveals that one taka investment in chili cultivation generated Tk. 1.84. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used for this study to determine the technical efficiency of chili growers. The coefficients of parameters like human labor, fertilizers, and insecticides were positive where human labor and fertilizers are not significant but insecticides are significant and indicated a positive effect on chili cultivation. Seed and irrigation were negative and significant noted that negative effect on chili cultivation. Technical inefficiency effects the model, experience, farm size, extension have negative coefficients defining that this helps in deducting the technical inefficiency of chili farmers. The study also identified some issues like an insect- pests and diseases, use of fertilizer and pesticide, dearth of high yielding variety of seed mainly experienced by the chili cultivators and proposed some recommendations to enhance the present cultivation so that per hectare cultivation of chili would possibly be increased.
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    PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF HOMESTEAD VEGETABLES PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NETROKONA DISTRICT
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) DAS, SREEKANTA
    The present study is an attempt to examine profitability analysis of homestead vegetables production in some selected area of Netrokona district in January 2021 to March 2021. In total 30 farmers were randomly selected from three villages namely Patra, Kashimala and Dampara in Purbadhala upazila under Netrokona district. The major findings of the study revealed that production of all the selected homestead vegetables was profitable. Gross cost of producing tomato for small, medium and large farm were Tk. 3136.17, 3207.31 and 3040.80 respectively and in cabbage production for small, medium and large farm were Tk. 3159.26, 3059.77 and 3163.82 respectively and the corresponding gross returns for small, medium and large farm in tomato production were Tk. 7087.80, 7473 and 7602 and in cabbage production were Tk. 5752, 6120 and 6800, respectively. Net returns for small, medium and large farm of producing tomato were Tk. 3951.63, 4265.70 and 4561.20 and for cabbage production were Tk. 2596.74, 3065.23 and 3636.18 respectively. Benefit cost ratio of tomato is highest for the large farm (2.50) followed by the medium farm (2.33) and small farm (2.26). In cabbage production, benefit cost ratio is highest for large farm (2.15) followed by the medium farm (2.00) and small farm (1.82). The farmers earned the highest profit from tomato followed by cabbage. The study reported some problems and constraints faced by the farmers during production and marketing of selected homestead vegetables. These problems were: lack of capital, inadequate supply of good quality seeds, unavailability and high prices of insecticides, high prices of fertilizers, inadequate storage facilities, dominance of intermediaries and lack of market information. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were made to improve practices for selected homestead vegetables production with a view to increase the income and employment opportunities of the farmers.
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    PROFITABILITY OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF JOYPURHAT DISTRICT
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) RANA, MD. MASUD
    The purpose of this study was to identify the profitability of potato growers in three locations namely Kalai Upazilla, Khetlal Upazilla, and Akkelpur Upazilla under Joypurhat District. Primary data was acquired from a random sample of 20 farmers in each study location. A total of 60 farmers was included in the study. In this study, both tabular and functional analyses were used. The study's main findings demonstrate that potato production was profitable. The total cost, gross returns and net returns of potato production was Tk. 173222.52, Tk. 273691 and Tk. 100468.48 per hectare respectively in the study areas. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.58, implying that 1 taka invested in potato production yielded Tk. 1.58 in return. Potato growers faced a number of problems, including high fertilizer and insecticide prices, lack of quality seed, and a low price of product during the late harvesting period. The yield of potatoes could be increased by using a new modern variety. Major recommendations include the need for both the government and private institutions to take initiatives to assure the availability of high-quality HYV seeds at reasonable price at farmers' doorsteps. To improve the current situation, the government should take the necessary steps to train farmers about the proper use of inputs through DAE personnel. The government should also take initiatives to search for new markets for potatoes during the harvesting season so that they can get the desirable price.
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    FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF SAVAR UPAZILA IN BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) AKTER, Mst. FAHIMA
    The study was undertaken to explore socio-economic profile, financial profitability and resource use efficeincy analysis of mushroom producing households. Primary data collection was carried out from Savar Upazila adjacent to Dhaka along with eighteen key queries. This research was based on field data purveyed from 60 farm house following purposive and simple random sampling technique. Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to determine the effects of premediated cost factors on mushroom commercialization. Test tube specimen/ mother, substrate/ growth medium and accessory materials cost factors had positive significant impact on mushroom turnover. Negative regression coefficient of labour indicated that excess use of labour both type of producer. Fresh mushroom (BCR 3.21) was explored more profitable than mushroom mother (BCR 2.6). The average market prices were attained BDT 200.10/kg (fresh mushroom) and BDT 72.24/kg (mushroom mother). Resource use efficiency of sample mushroom growers was analysed by comparing the marginal value product(M.V.P) of an input with its factor cost. The overall M.V.P of specimen is 11.21 implying that addition of one unit of specimen would have increae gross income by 11.21 taka. The ratio of MVP and MFC of labour wage, prepation of growth medium and accessory materials input resources are greater than one it implies that the resources are overutilized. Finally, some problems were distinguished including environmental stress, mushroom disease & insect outbreak, market price fluctuations, societal superstition and fanatism and higher wage of technical cognizant labor. Introducing different agricultural term loans to the mushroom cultivators, motivating and training the cultivators to produce mushroom, introducing advanced storage facilities, operating as a combined force both producer and government authority, more engagement of women will flourish the mushroom production.
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    FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF TOMATO CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) HASAN, MD. RASHIDUL
    The study was focused on the profitability of production, the contribution of factors in yield and the socio-economic status of the tomato growers at Mymensingh Sadar and Gauripur Upazilla under the Mymensingh district. Using a simple random sampling technique, 90 tomato cultivators were selected to conduct farm-level surveys with the pre-tested questionnaires. The per acre cost of tomato production was Tk.33751 for all farm categories in the study area. Total cost was highest for the small farms (Tk.35313) followed by the large farm (Tk.33083) and medium farms (Tk.32857). Per acre gross return of tomato cultivation under small, medium and large farms were Tk.61920, Tk.59520 and Tk.59040 respectively, indicating that the per acre gross return of small farms was higher than large and medium farms. Per acre benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of tomato cultivation under small, medium and large farms were 1.75, 1.81 and 1.78 respectively where medium farms gave the best performance. Resource use efficiency indicated that all of the resources were underused except overutilization of human labor, TSP and MoP. In the study area. High wages of labor and insect and disease attacks were significant issues for tomato cultivation.
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    FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY OF CAULIFLOWER PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREA OF NARSINGDI DISTRICT
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) IMRAN, HAFSA BINTE
    Bangladesh is an agriculturally based country. Among different kinds of winter vegetables, cauliflower is important because of its high nutritive value and higher economic return. The present study was designed to determine the profitability and resource use efficiency of cauliflower production. A purposive random sampling method was used in this study. A total of 60 cauliflower farmers four villages namely Saner bari (10), Raypura(20), Lampur(15), Joypura(15) under Palash upazilla were selected for collecting the data. Tabular technique and statistical technique such as Cobb douglas production function was used to achieve the major objectives of the study. The study showed that on average per acre gross cost of cauliflower production was Tk. 83750.77. The net return of cauliflower was tk.182512.The benefit cost ratio was found to be 2.17 implies that a cauliflower farmer could earn tk. 2.17 with the investment of taka 1.00. The study also revealed that cauliflower cultivation is profitable in the study area. The major constraints were insect infestation followed by low price in harvesting period and scarcity of healthy seedlings. Finally, the study gave necessary recommendations to improve the overall economic condition of the farmers through cauliflower production.