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    Enhancement of Women Participation in Politics through Microcredit: A Case Study on Siddhirgonj and Kapasia Thana of Bangladesh
    (© University of Dhaka, 2026-04-21) Begum, Musammat Khodeza
    Bangladesh continues to be one of the world’s most densely populated nations. According to the United Nations Gender Development index Bangladesh is ranked 121st out of the total of 146 countries worldwide (UNDP: 2001, Human Development Report). Forty percent of its population lives below the poverty level.Among the poor, rural women remain disproportionately disadvantaged. This study examines the role of Grameen Bank (GB) and BRAC in improving the socio-economic conditions and awareness of rural women in Bangladesh through micro-credit programs. The research was conducted among rural poor households who were credit recipients from selected branches of GB and BRAC in Siddirgonj Thana, Narayangonj District, focusing on women with little or no cultivable land whose main source of income was manual labor. Using interviews and focus group discussions, the study explored how micro-credit was utilized and its impact on recipients’ lives. Findings show that credit was successfully invested in small businesses, housing, agriculture, and children’s education, leading to improved living standards, increased participation in family and community decision-making, greater political involvement at the local level, and enhanced awareness of rights and responsibilities. Micro-credit contributed to self-employment, higher household value, and stronger institutional capacity, enabling women to become more organized, self-confident, and empowered beyond traditional family roles. The repayment rate was highly satisfactory, with only six cases of default, though some women faced hardship when male family members misused the loans.
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    Human Trafficking in Bangladesh: A Study on Narayanganj and Jessore Districts
    (© University of Dhaka, 2025-07-08) Sen, Moumita
    Human trafficking is not a single offence, rather it is a process run by the transnational organized criminal groups. In recent years, it has become the most security concern as well as a grave violation of human rights. It is often regarded as one of the fastest growing transnational crime. According to the 2018 UNODC Global TIP report, this illegal trade earns $52 billion annually in the South Asian region. And now after the Covid pandemic, it is also a challenging issue specially for the South Asian countries to combat human trafficking. Bangladesh, a South-East Asian country, acts as a source country by using the poor vulnerable people as victims in this process. It is a country of about 161 million people including more than 26 lakhs unemployed here, is facing a daunting challenge of providing social security, high wage status, living cost and their responsibilities. To ensure a better standard of life and fight against poverty, many poor, unemployed or low skilled labors knowingly or unknowingly are willing to go to cities as well as abroad to earn more money. Thus they become a prey to human trafficking process. The present study has conducted to explore recent factors besides the existing fact which adds to fuel in human trafficking process in Bangladesh. This paper also highlights on the process of trafficking through different modes or patterns based on several case studies and interviews. This study was conducted at Narayanganj sadar (origin place of victims) and Benapole petrapole border area (transit point of victims). The author visited different areas of that two places for collecting data and used unstructured interview, conducted a survey and review case study methods for the quest of this study. Data and information were collected from both primary and secondary sources i.e. journals, books, articles, internet, research reports, daily newspaper, different websites, GOs and NGOs reports, etc. Some case studies were also discussed in this paper. From the result, the study identified socio economic disparity at national or international level, high unemployment rate, low scale of wage, political apathy, demand of cheap labor, lack of awareness, social insecurity as the recent root factors for the rapid growth of human trafficking in Bangladesh. Finally, it concludes that porous and weak border controlling system, lack of proper agreement with the neighboring countries to combat trafficking and lack of punishment make it easier for the traffickers to run this process of human trafficking. And now it is time to take effective plan of action and set up a strong anti-trafficking cell through the government of Bangladesh to combat human trafficking, rescue and protect the victims of this crime.
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    Challenges of Digital Governance in the Financial Sector in Bangladesh
    (© University of Dhaka, 2025-07-08) Anwar Hossain, Sheikh Muhammad
    The digital financial sector has emerged as a major driving force for the national economy of Bangladesh. In this context, the relevance of digital governance practices in the financial sector tend to become critical in recent times. The purpose of this study is to explore and examine the digital governance practices in the financial sector of Bangladesh. The study attempts to explore new creative knowledge on digital governance practices in the financial sector by analyzing, synthesizing, and reflecting on previous research e.g. existing literature with an emphasis on review. The study is mainly based on a mixed method of non-experimental and descriptive research design. The survey found positive results of massive improvement in Bangladesh's digital financial sector. It can be observed that citizens are eagerly accepting the services of the digital financial sector as a major equipment in their daily lives. The survey shows that 99% percent of the respondents use their own smartphones, digital gadgets, notebook computers, and tablets. About four-fifths of rural poor households use a smartphone for digital money transfer. 95% percent of the respondents in the survey said that they can deposit, transfer, withdraw, and invest money using their smartphone. As a result, the role of middlemen in the financial sector has been reduced and the citizens of Bangladesh have access to automated financial services at reasonable and affordable prices. The survey reveals that Bangladesh's new generation of well-educated citizens has already grown up as 'digital natives'. They are the ones who are using and preferring the innovative works of the digital financial sector as a tool. They feel more comfortable shopping from online stores than going to the market; they have become accustomed to transacting money in the financial sector through debit-credit plastic cards and digital wallets anytime, anywhere and hassle-free cash transaction benefits. The convenience and trusted security of the digital financial sector have further motivated the citizens of the country to adopt this method. The digital financial sector has attracted wide attention among all segments of the population to provide benefits to citizens. Most households in urban and rural Bangladesh are regularly using the digital financial sector to pay utility bills. According to the respondents, the digital financial sector saves their transaction time and cost. The digital financial sector is playing an important role in increasing revenue and profits, and digital inclusion influencing the growth of the financial sector resulting in the further expansion of Bangladesh's mainstream economy has geared up. Most of the respondents agree— they will increase transactions in the digital financial sector in the future. In addition, the study analyzed the current service quality of the digital financial sector and found that the digital financial sector is helping every household in Bangladesh avoid financial crisis, debt, robbery, and theft. Protects against holding and carrying paper cash money. To smooth the trajectory of the digital financial sector in smart Bangladesh, this study attempts to explore how to mitigate the security issues of AI collaboration in the future digital financial sector. The study identified some of the issues and challenges hindering strong, sustainable growth of the digital financial sector. Bangladesh require exploring new and innovative forms of the financial services to make the country sustainable. Also, there is no alternative to adopting strategies consistent with international standard governance practices and implementation. A simple and thorough understanding of the complexity of financial automation is essential to meet the demands of the future digital age. The study specifically recommends that the rate of digital financial literacy should be increased in the coming days. The findings and recommendations of the study may provide momentum to policymakers' ongoing efforts to address the challenges of digital governance practices in the financial sector in Bangladesh.
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    Influence of Religion on Political Participation among Public University Students in Bangladesh
    (©University of Dhaka, 2025-02-05) Lutfunnahar
    Religion being a momentous fragment of individuals' life has direct and indirect impact on individuals' ideology and thus influences their activities. A considerable amount of study has been conducted across the world in different environment to explore the relationship between religion and political participation. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of religion on political participation among the students of public university in Bangladesh. The theoretical framework has been borrowed from Emile Durkheim's functionalism theory, Herbert Blumer's theory of symbolic interactionism, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's critical theory and Anthony Downs's rational choice theory to examine the connection between religion and political participation. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been used to conduct the study more precisely. For this purpose, the researcher was very thoughtful about sampling and conducted the research based on primary data to understand the impact of religion on political participation on individual-level. Several types of political behaviors of participants have examined in the study including supporting secular constitution, choosing secular political party, influence of religion on political participation, desirable quality of a leader, voting, participating protests, joining in boycotts, singing petitions, taking part in unofficial strikes and hartal etc. The study found that religion has impact on political participation but this association works both in positive and negative manner. Both religious and non-religious factors play a significant role in shaping individual's political philosophy.
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    China’s Geopolitical Interest in Myanmar: A Case Study of Rohingya Issue
    (©University of Dhaka, 2025-02-05) Bosri Chandni, Rabeya
    This study looks into China‘s geopolitical interests relating to the Rohingya refugee crisis that in turn affects Bangladesh. China is one of the most important development partners for both Myanmar and Bangladesh, but in the case of the Rohingya crisis, it has extended diplomatic support and cooperation to Myanmar‘s government—a government accused of committing genocide. Leaving Bangladesh alone with over a million Rohingya refugees, it suggests Bangladesh not to internationalize the issue and solve it bilaterally with Myanmar, which did not cooperate with the international community nor with Bangladesh to rehabilitate Rohingyas safely. This context generates a question about why China has prioritized their Sino-Myanmar relationship compared to their Sino-Bangladesh friendship. The contemporary works assist to perceive China‘s interests in Myanmar but cannot explain the reasons behind China‘s special care to Myanmar on a criminal ground. Hence, this qualitative research, depending upon secondary sources and some interviews, will provide a structural analysis of the research question ‗why China has taken side with Myanmar on the Rohingya issue‘ through the lens of neo-classical geopolitical perspective. The research has found some opportunities and challenges toward China‘s primary and secondary interests which originated from the Rohingya crisis. Particularly, the fear of third party‘s involvement in Myanmar and risks to the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative with other economic interests along with the opportunity to get back the ‗Pawkpaw‘ relation with Myanmar and portray itself as the regional leader, provoked China to be a strong supporter of Myanmar‘s ethnic cleansing operation. Thus, this study attempts to provide a clear scenario of China‘s neo-classical geopolitical calculation of the Rohingya crisis in the international environment including all major powers response to the crisis while the contemporary studies provide a fractional discussion based on Sino-US competition or Sino-India competition.
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    Impact of social media in Political Participation (2010 – 2020): A Study on Students of Public Universities of Bangladesh.
    (©University of Dhaka, 2025-02-04) Islam, Mahammad Mahidul
    The historic role of the students of public universities of Bangladesh in political participation are remarkable. They led some of the most consequential political events like the 1952 language movement, The 1966 six-point demands, the 1969 mass uprising that played a crucial role on the independence of Bangladesh. And in 21st century’s information age, the public university students are considered the active user of social media in political participation. This study sought to explore how social media impacts the political participation among public university students in Bangladesh, focusing on the years spanning from 2010 to 2020. To meeting the objectives of the study, a thorough survey of 200 students from four prominent universities: University of Dhaka (DU), Jahangirnagar University (JU), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), and Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET) and in-depth interviews with 10 IT experts, teachers, political leaders, and journalists were carried-on. The empirical study focuses on the student' perceptions and experiences of their use of social media in political activism, such as social media usages purposes, student’s party affiliation, time spent on party activities, factors that influence them in politics, and identify social media they use for political communication. The study also reveals curious insights into active participation of the recent past political events such as the Shahbag protests, the Quota reform movement, and the Nirapad Sarak Chai Movement. Additional assessment shows whether the substantive importance of the University of Dhaka student’s union election-DUCSU.
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    বাংলাদেশে জনমত গঠনে ইলেকট্রনিক মিডিয়ার ভূমিকা
    (©University of Dhaka, 2024-11-18) ইসলাম, মো: শহিদুল
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