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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF Chlorella sp.
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-06) Haque, Afsana
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and proximate compositions of Chlorella sp. cultured in different NaNO3 concentrations. Chlorella sp. cultured at 8 g/L nitrogen concentration of NaNO3 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth performance concerning the cell density (6.33 × 106 cells m/L ) and optical density (0.461) compared to those culture at 12 g/L, 16 g/L, 20 g/L, and 24 g/L N, respectively. Additionally, significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein content (31.90% dry weight) had seen at 8 g/L N concentration compared to all other culture at different concentrations of NaNO3. Furthermore, significantly (p < 0.05) higher carbohydrate content (20.07% dry weight) and lipid content (23.47% dry weight) were observed in Chlorella sp. cultured at 8 g/L N concentration in comparison to those grown on other concentrations of NaNO3. Increasing and decreasing the nitrogen concentrations below or above 8 g/L N had a remarkable effect on the growth performance and biochemical composition of Chlorella sp.
BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NGA-PI COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF BANGLADESH
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Sahi, Hasnain Mostari
Nga-pi, fermented product traditionally produced at Cox’s Bazar and Rangamati region is one of the popular food items among the ethnic people in Bangladesh.The present study was carried out to investigate the microbiological and chemical characteristic of Nga-pi. Samples were collected from the producers of Nga-pi in from different sampling areas (1) Cox’s Bazar, (2) Mahesh khali, (3) Rangamati and (4) Teknaf. After analyzing the proximate composition of collected samples, it was found that Nga-pi from the Teknaf region has the highest protein value (55.03%), lipid (6.62%), ash content (18.49%) and moisture (51.19%) was higher in Mahesh khali samples. Among the samples collected from four regions, moisture content was found to be higher in the samples from Rangamati. The values of amino acids greatly varied in terms of every amino acid among the samples. The microbial load of Nga-pi was determined against Vibrio cholera, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were present on the samples collected from Rangamati, Cox’s Bazar, Mahesh khali and Teknaf region. No Vibrio cholera, E. coli, Salmonella or Shigella was found in either of the samples collected from different regions. The marketing channel of Nga-pi was also analyzed during the study period. Rangamati, Khagrachari, Bandarban was found to be the major trade point of Nga-pi. The wholesalers of these region collect
SEASONAL VARIATION OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FIVE COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT DRIED FISH
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) ISLAM, FORHADUL
n the present study, seasonal variations of biochemical and microbial analysis of five commercially important dried fishes were assessed in monsoon, winter and summer seasons which were collected from Asadganj dried fish market of Chattogram district. The samples were evaluated by proximate composition, biochemical and microbial aspects. In the summer seasons, proximate analysis showed that the mean value of moisture content of Chinese silver pomfret (Pampus chinensis), Ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus), Pama Croaker (Otolithoides pama) and Phasa (Setipinna phasa) were 6.83 ± 1.83% , 20.17 ± 1.83%, 12.67 ± 1,% 17.33 ± 2.50% and 13.50 ± 3.33% respectively; the protein content were 66.89 ± 3.31%, 68.64 ± 1.88%, 68.25 ± 0.59%, 62.81 ± 0.89% and 65.92 ± 0.59% respectively; the lipid content were 4.75 ± 0.01%, 4.25 ± 0.5%, 3.25 ± 0.01%, 7.25 ± 0.50% and 9.75 ± 0.01% respectively and the ash content were 7.67 ± 1.15%, 5.22 ± 0.38%, 12.89 ± 0.33%, 10.75 ± 0.19% and 10.44 ± 0.19% respectively. In the monsoon seasons, the moisture content were 9.50 ± 2.83%, 21.33 ± 3.5%, 16.67 ± 0.66%, 20.50 ± 0.83% and 16.17 ± 1.66% respectively; the protein content were 65.33 ± 1.47%, 70.19 ± 2.05%, 67.47 ± 0.89%, 63.97 ± 0.67% and 71.17 ± 0.59% respectively; the lipid content were 7.50 ± 0.75%, 3.75 ± 0.5%, 3.50 ± 0.25%, 4.75 ± 0.75%, and 6.75 ± 0.75%respectively and the ash content were 7.56 ± 1.72%, 5.44 ± 0.50%, 12.22 ± 0.66%, 10.44 ± 0.66% and 8.56 ± 0.75%. In the winter season, the moisture content were 8.67 ± 0.19%, 8.30 ± 0.87%, 10.17 ± 0.69%, 13.3
BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF SEAWEEDS AND THEIR VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Shampa, Sharmin Jahan
Despite a paucity of public data, seaweed output in Bangladesh is expanding rapidly day by day. Three raw seaweed species (green seaweed Enteromorpha sp., red seaweed Gracilaria sp., and green seaweed Ulva sp.) were collected from the nature and dry seaweeds were purchased from a market in Nuniarchora, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The samples were used to determine the proximate composition of the seaweeds as well as the presence of pathogenic bacteria and heavy metals. To create value-added items like biscuits and muffins, collected samples were cleaned with saltwater, dried in an oven, crushed in a grinder, and stored in a zip-lock bag at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). The samples' proximate composition was determined under wet, lab-dried, and market-dried conditions. Gracilaria sp. had the highest crude protein content 3.48% in wet basis and (14.60-20.90%) in dry basis, followed by Ulva sp. 2.78% wet wt. while (10.80-13.92%) dry basis and Enteromorpha sp. contains lowest in both wet (1.64%) and dry basis (10.43-11.78%). Gracilaria sp. had the maximum crude fiber content (2.98-16.67%) d wt., followed by Ulva sp. (3.77-6.31%) d wt., and Enteromorpha sp. (2.96-5.66%) d wt. based. The lowest levels of crude lipid were observed in
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA PRESENT IN COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISH, SHELLFISH, WATER AND SOIL SAMPLES OF KAPTAI LAKE
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Chakma, Susmita
Organisms that cause human infections are transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment is quite common. To analyze the bacterial population (pathogenic) of fish, soil and water from Kaptai Lake, this study aims to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish, soil and water that might be transmitted to humans after handling and consumption of these. To determine the presence of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, V. cholera, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus from fish, soil and water and to isolate those bacteria, different kinds’ agar like EMB agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar and TSI agar were used in this study. To determine the bacterial load Total Plate Count method was used. Result showed that, among 20 fish species the highest and lowest amount of bacterial load was found in Puntius ticto (8.53±0.21×106 CFU mL-1) and Microbrachium rosenbergii (2.45±0.25 ×104 CFU mL-1). Moreover, in case of soil (6.13±0.66×106 CFU mL-1) and water (3.90±0.20×106 CFUmL-1) highest bacterial load was found in station-12. Due to the presence of E coli in most of the water and soil of most of the sampling sites, it can be concluded that, these sites may be contaminated by human manure. Besides this, as sampling sites at Baghaichhari area was highly contaminated with pathogenic enteric bacteria which suggest reducing human interference in this area.
BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF LOBSTER COLLECTED FROM FISH MARKETS OF COX’S BAZAR
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Barua, Labonno
The study was conducted to analyze the biochemical composition (proximate composition and fatty acid content) and microbiological quality (total plate count of bacteria, presence of E.coli, Salmonella) of lobsters collected from local markets of Cox’s Bazar namely Dorianogor, Nazirar tek and Shamlapur. Proximate compositions were performed by AOAC method and the amount of fatty acids was evaluated by using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry). Proximate analysis of lobster from Dorianogor yielded the following values: moisture (71.65%), ash (1.91%), fat (2.81%), protein (20.41%) and fiber (3.98%). Moisture (70.91%), ash (1.90%), lipid (2.66%), protein (22.16%) and fiber (3.97%) from Nazirartek and moisture (69.73%), ash (1.92%), lipid (2.71%), protein (21.39%) and fibre (3.97%) from Shamlapur, respectively were obtained. According to fatty acid GCMS analysis, saturated fatty acid methyl trideconate was found highest (96.12%) in lobster from Dorianogor whereas least amount of this fatty acid were found in lobster of Nazirartek (0.55%) and lobster from Shamlapur ( 0.19%). Mono unsaturated fatty acid, Methyl Eirocate was abundant in lobster from nazirartek (94.30%), lobster of shamlapur (64.54%) and lowest in amount from Dorianogor lobster (15.64%). Poly According to a microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria in Dorianogor, Nazirar Tek, and Shamlapur were 4.60×106, 6.23×106, 4.77×106 cfu/g respectively. The results of this study suggest that sp unsaturated fatty acid, methyl linoleate was profoundly found in lobster from Shamlapur (79.44%), comperatively lower in amount from Dorianogor (48.93%) lobster and lobster from Nazirartek (39..49%). From microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria from lobster of Dorianogor, Nazirartek and Shamlapur were observed 4.60×106 CFU/g, 6.23×106 CFU/g, and 4.77 × 106 CFU/g respectively. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were absent in lobster from places. The results of this study suggest that spiny lobster make an excellent diet meal and eating them may help prevent future nutritional deficiencies. Keywords: Lobster, Proximate analysis, Fatty acids, Microbial load. The study was conducted to analyze the biochemical composition (proximate composition and fatty acid content) and microbiological quality (total plate count of bacteria, presence of E.coli, Salmonella) of lobsters collected from local markets of Cox’s Bazar namely Dorianogor, Nazirar tek and Shamlapur. Proximate compositions were performed by AOAC method and the amount of fatty acids was evaluated by using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry). Proximate analysis of lobster from Dorianogor yielded the following values: moisture (71.65%), ash (1.91%), fat (2.81%), protein (20.41%) and fiber (3.98%). Moisture (70.91%), ash (1.90%), lipid (2.66%), protein (22.16%) and fiber (3.97%) from Nazirartek and moisture (69.73%), ash (1.92%), lipid (2.71%), protein (21.39%) and fibre (3.97%) from Shamlapur, respectively were obtained. According to fatty acid GCMS analysis, saturated fatty acid methyl trideconate was found highest (96.12%) in lobster from Dorianogor whereas least amount of this fatty acid were found in lobster of Nazirartek (0.55%) and lobster from Shamlapur ( 0.19%). Mono unsaturated fatty acid, Methyl Eirocate was abundant in lobster from nazirartek (94.30%), lobster of shamlapur (64.54%) and lowest in amount from Dorianogor lobster (15.64%). Poly According to a microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria in Dorianogor, Nazirar Tek, and Shamlapur were 4.60×106, 6.23×106, 4.77×106 cfu/g respectively. The results of this study suggest that sp unsaturated fatty acid, methyl linoleate was profoundly found in lobster from Shamlapur (79.44%), comperatively lower in amount from Dorianogor (48.93%) lobster and lobster from Nazirartek (39..49%). From microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria from lobster of Dorianogor, Nazirartek and Shamlapur were observed 4.60×106 CFU/g, 6.23×106 CFU/g, and 4.77 × 106 CFU/g respectively. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were absent in lobster from places. The results of this study suggest that spiny lobster make an excellent diet meal and eating them may help prevent future nutritional deficiencies. Keywords: Lobster, Proximate analysis, Fatty acids, Microbial load. The study was conducted to analyze the biochemical composition (proximate composition and fatty acid content) and microbiological quality (total plate count of bacteria, presence of E.coli, Salmonella) of lobsters collected from local markets of Cox’s Bazar namely Dorianogor, Nazirar tek and Shamlapur. Proximate compositions were performed by AOAC method and the amount of fatty acids was evaluated by using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry). Proximate analysis of lobster from Dorianogor yielded the following values: moisture (71.65%), ash (1.91%), fat (2.81%), protein (20.41%) and fiber (3.98%). Moisture (70.91%), ash (1.90%), lipid (2.66%), protein (22.16%) and fiber (3.97%) from Nazirartek and moisture (69.73%), ash (1.92%), lipid (2.71%), protein (21.39%) and fibre (3.97%) from Shamlapur, respectively were obtained. According to fatty acid GCMS analysis, saturated fatty acid methyl trideconate was found highest (96.12%) in lobster from Dorianogor whereas least amount of this fatty acid were found in lobster of Nazirartek (0.55%) and lobster from Shamlapur ( 0.19%). Mono unsaturated fatty acid, Methyl Eirocate was abundant in lobster from nazirartek (94.30%), lobster of shamlapur (64.54%) and lowest in amount from Dorianogor lobster (15.64%). Poly According to a microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria in Dorianogor, Nazirar Tek, and Shamlapur were 4.60×106, 6.23×106, 4.77×106 cfu/g respectively. The results of this study suggest that sp unsaturated fatty acid, methyl linoleate was profoundly found in lobster from Shamlapur (79.44%), comperatively lower in amount from Dorianogor (48.93%) lobster and lobster from Nazirartek (39..49%). From microbiological analysis, the amounts of bacteria from lobster of Dorianogor, Nazirartek and Shamlapur were observed 4.60×106 CFU/g, 6.23×106 CFU/g, and 4.77 × 106 CFU/g respectively. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were absent in lobster from places. The results of this study suggest that spiny lobster make an excellent diet meal and eating them may help prevent future nutritional deficiencies.
STUDIES ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS INVOLED MARKETING CHANNEL OF MARINE FISHES IN COX’S BAZAR REGION
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Alam Mithu, Mahfuzul
The fishermen community is an integral part of the coastal areas of Bangladesh which is mostly dominated by small-scale or artisanal fishermen. This study was conducted in three landing places of Cox's Bazar, Ukhiya and Teknaf with the objectives of identifying the challenges faced by the small-scale fishermen involved in the artisanal fishery and identifying the marketing channel of marine fishes. Several survey methods were adopted including the distribution of questionnaires to the fisherman; interviews with coastal inhabitants, use of PRA, RRA tools and direct field visits. The survey results indicated that there are different environmental and socio-economic factors such as lack of employment opportunities, health facility, and conflicts among stakeholders influencing the livelihood significantly. Middle aged people of 30 to 45 years old were mostly involved in artisanal fishing and most of them were illiterate ranging from 30% to 82% in various study point. Most of the families were medium type and having daily income less than 250 TK. Teknaf shows highest number of poor stakeholders. Major fishing activities are beach seine, set bag net, trammel net, bottom gillnets (doba jal), long lining and gill netting. July to August was the peak season in those areas for fishing. In this situation, different ecological as well as socio-economic challenges make the fishers more vulnerable in their livelihoods.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA PRESENT IN COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISH, SHELLFISH, WATER AND SOIL SAMPLES OF KAPTAI LAKE
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2022-12) Chakma, Susmita
Organisms that cause human infections are transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment is quite common. To analyze the bacterial population (pathogenic) of fish, soil and water from Kaptai Lake, this study aims to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish, soil and water that might be transmitted to humans after handling and consumption of these. To determine the presence of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, V. cholera, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus from fish, soil and water and to isolate those bacteria, different kinds’ agar like EMB agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar and TSI agar were used in this study. To determine the bacterial load Total Plate Count method was used. Result showed that, among 20 fish species the highest and lowest amount of bacterial load was found in Puntius ticto (8.53±0.21×106 CFU mL-1) and Microbrachium rosenbergii (2.45±0.25 ×104 CFU mL-1). Moreover, in case of soil (6.13±0.66×106 CFU mL-1) and water (3.90±0.20×106 CFUmL-1) highest bacterial load was found in station-12. Due to the presence of E coli in most of the water and soil of most of the sampling sites, it can be concluded that, these sites may be contaminated by human manure. Besides this, as sampling sites at Baghaichhari area was highly contaminated with pathogenic enteric bacteria which suggest reducing human interference in this area
ESTABLISHMENT OF SUITABLE CULTURE SITES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SEAWEED (Gracilaria sp.) AT COX’S BAZAR
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2023-06) Alam, S. M. Atikul
The study conducted a thorough assessment of agar-enriched Gracilaria sp. production in the coastal district Cox’s Bazar, performance, and chemical composition in two distinct aquaculture systems: floating raft net culture and off-bottom long-line culture, over the period from October 2022 to April 2023. Within the Monkhali study area, a total of 69 seaweed culture plots were established, comprising 54 off-bottom long-line systems and 15 floating long-line systems. In the Salsa Beach study area, there were 32 seaweed culture plots with 25 off-bottom long-line systems and 7 floating long-line systems. These plots were managed collaboratively in partnership with local coastal communities. Throughout the cultivation period, Gracilaria sp. was partially harvested every 15-30 days once it reached a length of 30-40 cm. The off-bottom long-line system exhibited significantly superior average biomass production compared to the floating raft net culture system, showcasing a remarkable 699% increase in Monkhali and a substantial 445.2% increase in Salsa Beach. Furthermore, Monkhali demonstrated superior performance to Salsa Beach in both off-bottom long-line culture (542% higher) and floating raft culture (548% higher). Notably, Gracilaria sp. harvested from the off-bottom long-line culture was exceptionally clean, predominantly free from encrusting organisms and impurities, and featured an attractive reddish coloration. Multivariate analysis indicated that the growth of Gracilaria sp. was positively influenced by high salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, and nutrient concentrations, while high temperature, turbidity, and total suspended solids had adverse effects. Furthermore, Gracilaria sp. exhibited elevated levels of protein and lipids. This study demonstrated the potential of off-bottom long-line-based culture systems as a promising technology for Gracilaria sp. production in coastal regions of Bangladesh and similar geographical areas.
Socio-Economic Conditions and Activities of Fishermen and Intermediaries Involved in Fish Marketing Chain of Fishery Ghat, Chattogram
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2023-06) Hasan, Md. Mostofa
Bangladesh's coastal regions are integral to the livelihoods of its fishing communities, primarily engaged in artisanal and small-scale fishing. This research, conducted in Fishery Ghat, Chattogram, aimed to comprehensively understand the socio-economic conditions and activities of various stakeholders involved in the fishing industry. Additionally, the study sought to analyze the marketing channels and value chains of different marine fish species within the region. The investigation identified three distinct markets in the fishing ecosystem: primary, secondary, and consumer. A random sample of 60 individuals representing diverse stakeholder groups was selected for data collection. This data was collected through questionnaires, Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), and cross-check interviews, and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. The survey revealed that the majority of stakeholders were aged over 40, with 90% being male. Although various marital statuses were observed, most stakeholders were married, and polygamous marriages were rare. The majority (60-90%) adhered to the Muslim faith and possessed limited educational qualifications. Additionally, 60-80% of stakeholders had family sizes ranging from 7 to 9 members, with most families relying on a single active earning member. The research uncovered that many fishermen and intermediaries frequently borrowed funds, particularly during the fishing ban period, from sources such as lenders, microfinance organizations, NGOs, and relatives. Daily income among fishermen typically ranged from 200-1000 BDT, while Aratdars and Bepari earned between 2000-7000 BDT. Wholesalers reported daily incomes ranging from 2000-4000 BDT, with Aratdars and Bepari earning relatively higher incomes compared to other groups. The study further identified the main fish species caught, including Hilsha, Silver pomfret, Ribbon fish, Bomby duck, koral, Red koral, Tuna, among others, using various fishing techniques such as beach seines, set bag nets, trammel nets, bottom gillnets (doba jal), long lining, and gill netting. An analysis of the fish market structure revealed five key intermediaries: Fishermen, Aratdars, Bepari, Wholesalers, and Retailers, with each group contributing significantly to the profit margins. Value chain analysis of major fish species were Hilsha, Silver pomfret, Ribbon fish, Pama croaker, Scribbled goby, Yellow fin tuna, Gangetic hairfin anchovy, Bomby duck, Indian pike conger and Malabar blood snapper and it was found that the total marketing margin were 22%, 26%, 30%, 29%, 36%, 32%, 37%, 34%, 20% and 35% respectively. The study highlighted key challenges in the fish marketing channel, including inadequate transport infrastructure and a high number of intermediaries. To ensure the viability of the fish marketing systems in the region, government intervention and support in the marketing process are deemed essential. This research provides valuable insights into the socio-economic dynamics and marketing channels of the fishing industry in Fishery Ghat, Chattogram, and underscores the need for policy interventions to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of this critical sector in Bangladesh's coastal regions.
STUDY ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION OF TWO MARINE FISH SPECIES (Dussumieria acuta, Sardinella fimbriata) OF BANGLADESh
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2023-06) Dey, Anindita
Two marine fish species, Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata were subjected to determine overall muscle structure, processing yields, nutritional composition and variation of nutritional composition with muscle type (dark, white and mixed), location (head, middle and tail) and with different cooking methods (boiling and frying). Gel forming ability of the fish muscle and comparison of their gel-forming with washed and unwashed muscle have been studied at various temperature . Dussumieria acuta had 3.86% dark and 96.2% white muscle, while Sardinella fimbriata had 7.87% dark and 92.32% white muscle. Analysis of nutritional composition of dark, white and mixed muscle showed that, white muscle possess higher moisture (72.12±1.17%, 73.29±0.91% in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata) and crude protein (24.75 ± 1.09% in Dussumieria acuta and 25.09 ±0.90% in Sardinella fimbriata) and dark muscle possess higher lipid content (2.21±0.17% and 2.23±0.44% both in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata). Comparison of nutritional composition of muscles from different parts of fish body showed that moisture percentage was significant in head muscle (73.56±1.87% and 73.58±1.08% in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata). Tail region had significant lipid content of 2.46 ±0.03% and 2.35±0.06% in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata, respectievly. In both fish moisture showed a declination with boiling and frying. Highest moisture loss was found in case of frying which is 56.46± 1.09% in Dussumiera acuta and 55.21±1.02% in Sardinella fimbriata. Highest crude protein percentage was found from boiled samples in both dry and wet weight basis (3.73±0 .18% and 3.30±0.35 % in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata respectively). Fried samples got highest lipid percentage, in frying which is 12.54±1.62% in Dussumiera acuta and 13.07±0.61% in Sardinella fimbriata. Significant ash content was found in fried sample (3.73±0.18% and 3.30±0.35 % in Dussumieria acuta and Sardinella fimbriata, respectively). The gel forming ability and the strength of both Dussumiera acuta and Sardinella fimbriata were investigated under different temperature conditions (40, 50 and 600 C) in water bath for a 120 minute. Highest breaking force was found at 500 C in both washed and unwashed fish muscle paste in both fish mince. Washing of mince results in better quality gels
Effect of Alkali Concentration on Agar Yield and Quality Using a Simple Extraction Method from Gracilaria tenuistipitata
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2023-06) Ria, Fahmida Ali
Seaweeds are marine algae found along seashores, come in various colors such as red, green, and brown. Among these, the red variety holds the potential scope for agar production. The current study investigated the effect of using widely practiced alkaline treatments with NaOH (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%, w/v) on agar production using a simple and efficient protocol from red seaweed, Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Agar yield, proximate composition and physico-chemical properties (gel strength, melting and gelling temperature, syneresis, pH, color) of the produced agar were determined to investigate the suitability of the produced agar as lab-grade agar. The highest yield of agar was obtained using 12.5% NaOH treatment (24.62%), followed by 10% NaOH treatment (22.78%), 7.5% NaOH treatment (15.77%), 2.5% NaOH treatment (13.24%), 5% NaOH treatment 10.63%, 0% control (5.22%). Agar made from 12.5% concentration shown higher yield, but due to higher alkaline treatment this agar is less pure due to some seaweed residues. The highest gelling and melting temperature were found for 7.5% concentration, about 49.07 °C and 89.90 °C, respectively. Gelling and melting temperature is also satisfactory for those obtaining using 10% and 5% NaOH treatment. pH was slightly acidic for all the concentration. The reason of acidity is the acidic treatment and more neutralization facility can make it a food grade quality. Highest gel strength found for 5% NaOH treated agar followed by 7.5%, 2.5%, 12.5%, 10%, 0%. According to physico-chemical analysis, agar treated with 5% to 10% NaOH can be acceptable for better agar production. Fiber content was found to be dominated among all other proximate compositions. Fiber and carbohydrate contents were found 43.79% and 28.01% for 10% NaOH and 5% NaOH, respectively. This is comparable with the fiber (45.72%) and carbohydrate (19.78%) content of pure agar available commercially. This value is acceptable for bacterial culture in the laboratory. Agar extracted seaweed using NaOH was mixed with nutrients and cultured bacteria was cultured successfully. The 12.5% treated agar had the highest (1.69×104 CFU/g) bacterial load followed by 5%, 10%, 7.5%, 2.5% and lastly 0%. Therefore, overall result expresses, using 10% to 5% NaOH pretreatment of agar from G. tenuistipitata have acceptable physico-chemical properties and ca
Study on the Structural Characteristics and Composition of Two Marine Fish Species (Carangoides malabaricus and Scomberoides commersonnianus) of Bangladesh
(2023-06) Juby, Nesa
Knowledge of biochemical constituents in fish is essential for effective implementation of preservation and processing practices. Thus, the study aimed to examine the muscle characteristics and proximate composition of two marine fish species Scomberoides commersonnianus and Carangoides malabaricus from the Bay of Bengal. Fresh specimens of these two species were collected from day fishing boat of Teknaf. Samples were immediately frozen at -20 °C and transported the CVASU laboratory for subsequent experiment. Muscle structural characteristics mainly myotome identification, processing yield, proximate compositions on different type of muscles and cooking methods, and gel forming ability of muscle were studied. The results indicated that the processing yield of S. commersonnianus was 53.35% with white muscle comprising 92.84% and dark muscle 7.16%, while muscle yield of C. malabaricus fish was 39.30% in which white muscle accounting for 90.23% and dark muscle for 9.77 %. White muscle in both fish species had higher moisture and protein content, while dark muscle had higher lipid levels, particularly in the middle and tail regions. The head had the highest moisture and lowest protein content. There were changes in color, texture, and odor in all samples after boiling and frying. After boiling and frying, protein and ash content remained unchanged, but moisture content slightly decreased and fat content increased, with boiling reducing fat content. The gel forming ability and breaking force were investigated under different temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C) in a water bath for 120 mins. The highest breaking force was found at 50 °C for both washed (322±2.64 g and 600±4.35 g) and unwashed (176±4.58 g and 450±2.00 g) fish mince in C. malabaricus and S. commersonnianus respectively. These results suggest that both fishes were suitable for producing value-added products.
Nutritional and Microbiological Comparative Quality Assessment of Native and Imported Dry Fish in Chattogram, Bangladesh
(Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Sohe, Nur Nahar
Dried fish is recognized as a nutrient dense food and it plays a significant role in our diets. This study focuses on the socio-economic status of dry fish traders in Asadganj and Reajuddin Bazar Dry Fish Markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh and compares the organoleptic, nutritional, and microbiological qualities of five native and imported dry fish species. A varied sample of 40 individuals was chosen for data collection and data on both dried fish and individuals involved in business were gathered using an organized questionnaire, interviews with authorities and traders, utilizing Participatory Rural Appraisal and Focus Group Discussion tools during in-person field trips. The survey revealed that the majority of businessmen were middle-aged and possessed primary educational achievement, with 61% and 56% respectively in Asadganj and Reajuddin Bazar Dry Fish Market. It was found that socio-economic condition of dried fish traders in Asadganj Dry Fish Market were in a better state. The study of organoleptic properties indicated that dried fish samples were suitable for human, with native samples being preferred over imported ones due to superior color, texture and appearance. Moisture content ranged from 17.96±0.56% to 38.68±0.95%, with the highest level found in Pama Croaker from Myanmar. There was a significant increase in protein content which rose from 42.33±0.16% to 74.52±0.95% where Scaly Hairfin Anchovy from India had the highest protein values. In terms of lipid, it varied from 2.44±1.04% (Gangetic Ailia from Bangladesh) to 15.41±0.44% (Scaly Hairfin Anchovy from India). The highest ash content was found from Bangladeshi Mola Carplet (22.92±2.16%) and lowest was seen for Pama Croaker from Myanmar (11.27±0.48%). Microbiologically, highest bacterial load was found in Indian Mola Carplet (6.87×108 CFU/gm) whereas, the lowest was found in Bangladesi Scaly Hairfin Anchovy and Pama Croaker (1.42×106 CFU/gm). The pathogenic bacterial species E. coli and Vibrio spp. were found in all imported dried species except Tapper Tail Anchovy from all locations. Additionally, the majority of dried fish samples tested negative for Salmonella and Shigella. Overall, the study suggests that Bangladeshi dried fish generally exhibit better quality, safety, and nutritional attributes compared to imported dried fish species. Although there is a need for improving hygiene and sanitary practices, as well as better market distribution and storage facilities. Bangladeshi dried fishes remain a viable and secure food choice for human consumption.
Efficiency of Lactic Acid Bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, in Enhancing the Quality of Tilapia Fish Mince
(Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Rehnuma Raisa, Tabassom
This research focused on evaluating the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculation on the quality of the Tilapia fish mince. The quality of fish mince was compared with that of regular fish mince. The study assessed changes in organoleptic characteristics, biochemical properties (proximate compositions, TVB-N and NPN were determined using a modified version of the AOCA (2016) method) and changes in bacterial count. In the study, approximately 105 Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculated in 10 grams of tilapia fish mince and stored at 4°C. A normal fish mince was also kept at the same temperature. Parameters were measured weekly over a 6 week period. At first L. acidophilus growth was confirmed by using RT-PCR technique. Organoleptic test involved a panel (10 trained participants) evaluating color, smell, texture and general appearance. Lactic acid bacteria inoculated fish mince received higher consumer acceptance. The pH level notably decreased in the lactic acid bacteria inoculated fish mince (from 6.1±0.07 to 4.7±0.05) compare to the normal fish mince (from 6.6±0.04 to 5±0.08) throughout the study. TVBN content increased more rapidly in normal fish mince compare to lactic acid bacteria inoculated fish mince, with TVB-N content measuring 33.05±1.05 mg/100g and 30.36±1.35 mg/100g respectively in the last week. NPN content increased steadily in first four weeks for both samples, but in the last two weeks, the normal fish mince exhibited a rapid increase compare to the lactic acid bacteria inoculated fish mince. Proximate composition showed no significant difference (p<0.05) between the two samples. L. acidophilus bacteria displayed rapid growth in the inoculated sample during the initial three weeks, followed by a decreasing rate. Total bacterial load in normal fish mince increased throughout the study from 0.9×105 to 3.9×105 cfu/g, while lactic acid bacteria inoculated fish mince showed a decreasing rate 1.8×104 to 0.2×103 cfu/g. Notably, no pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., or E.coli were detected in either sample. Overall, the lactic acid bacteria inoculated bacteria consistently exhibited better quality than the normal fish mince throughout the experiment. The study concluded that lactic acid bacteria have significant effect on the quality of tilapia fish mince, serving as biopreservatives.
Assessment of the Socio- economic Condition of Different Stakeholders and Quality Aspects of Three Non Conventional Dry Fish Species available in the Market of Cox’s Bazar, Asadgonj and Rangamati, Bangladesh
(Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Talukder, Twinkle
Fish drying is a traditional method of producing nutrient-dense food for humans. The goal of the current study was to examine the socio economic condition of different stakeholder and to assess the organoleptic quality, biochemical and microbiological composition of three non conventional dry fish available in the market of Cox’s Bazar, Asadgonj and Rangamati. This data was collected through questionnaires, Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), and cross-check interviews, and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. The greater percentages of participants were male in Cox’s Bazar (80%), Asadganj (90%), and Rangamati (70%) with 20%, 10%, and 30% females only. In Cox’s Bazar, Asadgonj and Rangamati respectively 30%, 40%, 30% of the participants reported having adequate storage facilities, 25%, 40%, 40% reported absence of storage facilities and 45%, 20%, 30% had no idea about proper storage and handling of dry fish. The study further identified the available dried species, including Bombay duct, Churi, Milk shark, Sting ray, Kukurjib, Surma. The sun dried non conventional dried fish were of highly acceptable and fit for human consumption in terms of organoleptic quality. The percentages of protein, ash, moisture, and lipid were calculated in accordance with AOAC protocol (AOAC, 2005). Protein content ranged from 37.96±4.40% to 57.77± 4.68%, the highest found in Kukurjib from Rangamati and lowest found in Stingray from Asadgonj. Lipid content ranged from 1.63±0.33% (Hangor from Cox’s Bazar) to 8.33± 2.92% (Kukurjib from Cox’s Bazar). Ash content ranged from 8.14± 1.51% to 14.66±3.79%, the highest found in Hangor from Asadgonj and lowest found in Kukurjib from Cox’s Bazar. Moisture content ranged from 20.33 ±0.88% to 30.05±1.75%, the highest found in Hangor from Asadgonj and lowest found in Kukurjib from Asadgonj. The TPC was highest in the dried Kukurjib collected from Cox’s Bazar (4.58×107 CFU/mL) and lowest in Rangamati (3.63×107 CFU/ mL). Among the tested bacterial strains of Salmonella p., Shigella sp., V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, E. coli. the highest presence was found in the products of Cox’s Bazar area. The quality and safety attributes, along with their biochemical compositions suggest that these dried fish could be a viable and secure food option for human consumption.
Comparative Analysis of Physiochemical Properties in Gelatin Extraction from Thai Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Skin and Bone by Alkaline, Acidic Methods and Commercial Gelatin
(Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Das Alien, Hemadri
Aquatic sources are gradually replacing mammalian sources like pigs and cows in the production of gelatin due to sociocultural and religious reasons. In Bangladesh, Thai Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is highly popular due to its affordability and easy availability. The research aimed to extract gelatin from skin and bone of this catfish and compare the efficiency of alkaline and acidic extraction techniques, focusing on gelatin yield and key physiochemical properties compared to commercial gelatin. Here three pretreatments were applied. Treatment 1 for 0.2% NaOH (T1) was an alkaline method of extraction. Treatment 2 for 0.2% H2SO4 (T2) was an acidic method of extraction. Treatment 3 was for 0.2% H2SO4, 0.2% NaOH and 1% Citric Acid (T3) was a combination of acid-base extraction method. It was observed that the skin gelatin sample (T1) of Thai pangas yielded a significantly higher amount of gelatin (16.61±0.52%) compared to bone gelatin. The research also found that three different brands of commercial gelatin had similar protein, ash, moisture, and lipid content. Furthermore, skin gelatin (T3) had proximate values that were comparable to the values of commercial gelatin. Skin gelatin T3 showed values that were equal to those of commercial gelatin, despite the fact that commercial gelatin had higher values than extracted gelatin for melting and setting temperatures, viscosity, pH, foaming capacity water holding capacity, fat binding capacity and foam stability. Between gelatin of skin and bone, skin gelatin (T3) had higher viscosity (2.36±0.01 mPa.s), water holding capability (1.29±0.02 ml/g), and fat binding capability (2.77±0.00 ml/g). On the other contrary, melting temperature, setting temperature, and pH higher in bone gelatin (T1). Gel strength of skin gelatin (T3) had value (268.51±1.46 g) that was quite near to commercial. It was observed that bone gelatin (T2) had the lowest value of foaming capacity (0.86±0.01%), and foam stability (0.59±0.00%). In this investigation, it was discovered that the Skin Gelatin (T3) exhibited better physical qualities than other pretreatments. It was shown in this study that Skin Gelatin (T3) had better physical properties compared to other treatments that were close to commercial gelatin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF STREET SEAFOOD AVAILABLE AT COX’S BAZAR SEA BEACH IN BANGLADESH
(Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Ahmed, Jebunnahar
The present study was conducted on the sensory quality, proximate composition, microbial status of Bombay duck, Crab, Shrimp product from Kolatoli, Sugandha, and Laboni areas of Cox’s Bazar and revealing the socioeconomic condition of seafood vendors in Cox’s Bazar. A cross-sectional study with a laboratory component was carried out on sea food sellers, chosen using a methodical random sample process. The primary means of gathering data were structured questionnaire Data was first coded then entered into Microsoft Excel database and later analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study indicated that a wide range of socioeconomic factors had a substantial influence on the livelihood. People, below 30 years (50% from Laboni) were mostly engaged in vending and majority (30-50%) of them received education up to primary level. Overall, it was found that socioeconomic situation of Laboni was better among three. Organoleptic assessment demonstrated that the seafood was suitable for human consumption and showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in texture and hygiene. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in the color and odor of Loitta products but not among the Crab and Shrimp products. The overall sensory quality was found “Excellent” in Kolatoli among the three study areas. The proximate composition was recorded with no significant variation (p>0.05) among three study areas. Moisture content ranged from 61.611.47% to 70.861.67, the highest found in Crab products from Sugondha.Protein value varied from 14.040.49% to 18.171.40%, the highest value of protein in shrimp products of Kolatoli.The highest (13.590.02%) lipid content was found in Loitta from Sugondha and lowest (1.800.17%) content was found in crab product from Laboni. In terms of Ash, it varied from 1.31 0.02% (Loitta) to 5.600.62% (Crab). Microbiology, All the samples had no significant variation (p>0.05) in Loitta and crab products. The highest bacterial load (5.65×107 CFU/mL) was found from Shrimp of Sugondha and the lowest bacterial load (3.46×107 CFU/mL) was found from loitta of Kolatoli. The pathogenic bacterial species E. coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were found in all products except crab. Nonetheless, the findings of this study can help us to acknowledge the better quality of street seafood. According to the report, hygienic procedures and sanitation facility need to be improved.
Assessing the effects of elevated temperature on the expression of hsp70, hsp90, igf1, igf2, gh and ghrelin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-06) Hossain, MD. Nayeem
Global climate change significantly influences environmental temperature, affecting fish growth, feeding patterns, and overall health. Understanding how fish respond to thermal changes is crucial, particularly for stress response, metabolism and growth in aquaculture. This study examines the effects of different acclimation temperatures on stress response and growth-related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The research focused on the expression of heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90), insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), growth hormone (gh) and ghrelin in juvenile Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) acclimated to 31°C (control), 34°C, and 37°C over 14 days. The results revealed that expression of hsp70 and hsp90 were significantly upregulated at 37°C in both male and female fish, indicating a pronounced stress response. In contrast, the expression of igf1, igf2 and gh was highest at 34°C, stimulating metabolic processes and promoting somatic growth. In comparison, significantly lower levels were observed at 37°C, suggesting an inhibitory effect of higher temperatures on growth-related processes. Expression of ghrelin followed a similar pattern to that of IGF and GH with higher levels at 34°C correlating with increased appetite and growth, but a decreased expression at 37°C, indicating reduced feeding activity due to thermal stress. These findings underscore the critical role of maintaining optimal temperatures in aquaculture settings and provide valuable insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation in Nile tilapia, with implications for improving aquaculture practices and ensuring the health and productivity of farmed fish under varying environmental conditions.
Gastrointestinal indices and length weight relationship of Mudskipper (Apocryptes bato) from two different habitats along the Bay of Bengal coast
(Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-12) Mahmud, Md. Tuser
The length weight relationship (LWR) of fish is a crucial aspect of fisheries biology and management, providing information on the growth patterns, health, and ecology of fish populations. For the investigations, live Apocryptes bato, a mudskipper species was collected by hand net from two different coastal habitats Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar along the coast of Bay of Bengal. The objectives were to compare digestive efficiency, feeding patterns, and growth characteristics of A. bato across these two different habitats. The length weight relationship was calculated using a power function (W = aLb). The length weight relationship of A. bato was found to have an exponent "b" value of 2.78 and 1.72 (negative allometric growth) for both habitats for the pooled data, while the female in the Chattogram demonstrates positively allometric growth pattern here “b” value was 3.51. Measured gastrointestinal indices revealed that fish in the Chattogram region had higher visceral somatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) values than fish in the Cox's Bazar region. However, relative length of gut (RLG) and intestine somatic index (ISI) values is comparably lower in the Chattogram region than the Cox’s Bazar. In Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar region, condition factor (K) ranged from 0.44 − 0.87 and 0.76 − 1.32 respectively and no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the K and relative condition factor (Kn) values of fishes from these two different habitats. Results of the present study also showed significant differences in the gastrointestinal indices between the two habitats indicating the necessity of habitat specific management for A. bato. Future conservation and management plans for coastal ecosystems can benefit from these findings, which expand our knowledge of how habitat specific factors affect mudskipper growth and feeding physiology.