Socio-Economic Conditions and Activities of Fishermen and Intermediaries Involved in Fish Marketing Chain of Fishery Ghat, Chattogram

Abstract

Bangladesh's coastal regions are integral to the livelihoods of its fishing communities, primarily engaged in artisanal and small-scale fishing. This research, conducted in Fishery Ghat, Chattogram, aimed to comprehensively understand the socio-economic conditions and activities of various stakeholders involved in the fishing industry. Additionally, the study sought to analyze the marketing channels and value chains of different marine fish species within the region. The investigation identified three distinct markets in the fishing ecosystem: primary, secondary, and consumer. A random sample of 60 individuals representing diverse stakeholder groups was selected for data collection. This data was collected through questionnaires, Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), and cross-check interviews, and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. The survey revealed that the majority of stakeholders were aged over 40, with 90% being male. Although various marital statuses were observed, most stakeholders were married, and polygamous marriages were rare. The majority (60-90%) adhered to the Muslim faith and possessed limited educational qualifications. Additionally, 60-80% of stakeholders had family sizes ranging from 7 to 9 members, with most families relying on a single active earning member. The research uncovered that many fishermen and intermediaries frequently borrowed funds, particularly during the fishing ban period, from sources such as lenders, microfinance organizations, NGOs, and relatives. Daily income among fishermen typically ranged from 200-1000 BDT, while Aratdars and Bepari earned between 2000-7000 BDT. Wholesalers reported daily incomes ranging from 2000-4000 BDT, with Aratdars and Bepari earning relatively higher incomes compared to other groups. The study further identified the main fish species caught, including Hilsha, Silver pomfret, Ribbon fish, Bomby duck, koral, Red koral, Tuna, among others, using various fishing techniques such as beach seines, set bag nets, trammel nets, bottom gillnets (doba jal), long lining, and gill netting. An analysis of the fish market structure revealed five key intermediaries: Fishermen, Aratdars, Bepari, Wholesalers, and Retailers, with each group contributing significantly to the profit margins. Value chain analysis of major fish species were Hilsha, Silver pomfret, Ribbon fish, Pama croaker, Scribbled goby, Yellow fin tuna, Gangetic hairfin anchovy, Bomby duck, Indian pike conger and Malabar blood snapper and it was found that the total marketing margin were 22%, 26%, 30%, 29%, 36%, 32%, 37%, 34%, 20% and 35% respectively. The study highlighted key challenges in the fish marketing channel, including inadequate transport infrastructure and a high number of intermediaries. To ensure the viability of the fish marketing systems in the region, government intervention and support in the marketing process are deemed essential. This research provides valuable insights into the socio-economic dynamics and marketing channels of the fishing industry in Fishery Ghat, Chattogram, and underscores the need for policy interventions to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of this critical sector in Bangladesh's coastal regions.