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Item Fish and Fishery of Aspidoparia (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) of the River Padma(University of Rajshahi, 1997-11) Sultana, Nasrin; Hossain, Md. AltafBangladesh has vast fishery resources. The inland water areas of the country comprises 1.03 million hectares of rivers, canals and estuaries; 1,14,161 hectares of natural depressions such as the beals' and 'haors'; 1,61,943 hectares of ponds and tanks, 5,488 hectares of ox-bows; 68,800 hectares of Karnafuli reservior; 2.8 million hectares of flood plains and 87,300 hectares of brackish water aquaforms (Rahman, 1989). A total of 260 species of indigenous species of fin fishes are found in the freshwater habitats of Bangladesh and majority of these fishes are small sized (Rahman, 1989). The small indigenous fishes (SIS) form an important human food item, rich source of complete proteins containing all the essential aminoacids in right proportion. Fish protein is said to be more healthier and cholesterol free and also contains fatty acid which help in cholesterol absorption in the body tissues. The people are advised to take much smaller fish than meat. According to FAO report, (1991), fish contain 72% water, 19% protein, 89% fat, 0.15% calcium 0.25% phosphorus and 0.10% vitamin A,B,C and D. National Household Expenditure Survey (NHES) shows that anmel fish consumption in Bangladesh peaked in 1985 at 13.2 kg/person, had declined to 12.6 kg/person by 1992. This is in the same agreement with the information developed by North West Area Development Study (NWADS), which shows that overall fish supply has stagnated, resulting in price increase in real terms of over 2.8% per annum in the Northwest Region (Interim Report Vol-5 ADB February, 1997). The SIS fishes thus, make a very significant contribution to the daily intake of fish. Moreover, Siddiqui (1985) reported that in Bangladesh about 80 percent of the population is poor and they mainly depend on small size fish for their daily supply of animal protein at a reasonable price. Another advantages of small size fish is that they could easily breed and grow in water bodies, where culture of other major fishes are impossible. However, the ever expanding programme of flood control, drainage and irrigation is interfering with the whole ecological system in fishery resources, thereby causing both loss and degradation of their habitats. Which will inevitably lead to diminution and even disappearance of 95 percent of inland fish production. The present species 4. morer is mostly available in the river systems of Bangladesh. The biology of this species had been reported by Sultana (1991), Bhuiyan et al. (1992) compared the past and present data on the landing of the species together with the market price found that the natural production of the species is decreasing due to construction of the Farakka Barrage and oder FCD projects which caused detremental effect on the national aquatic system. Moreover, over exploitation of fish population and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals also adversely affected the fisheries resources. A. morar is an important species due to its high nutritional value in terms of protein content. Inspite of its usefulness as a source of protein, no detailed studies on the chemical and biochemical investigation has so far been reported. This is a small sized fish with a maximum size of 145 man, feiches the hightest market price due to its taste and flavour. This fish generally live in shallow water of the sandy bottom and medium current areas of the rivers. We hope the present finding may help to increase its population in the river Padma near RajshahiItem Ecology, Biology and Fishery of Clupisoma Atherinoides (Bloch) (Cypriniformes:Schilbeidae)Ecology, Biology and Fishery of Clupisoma Atherinoides (Bloch) (Cypriniformes:Schilbeidae)(University of Rajshahi, 1999) Begum, Mahbuba; Bhuiyan, M. Abdus SalamThe juvenile and adult of C. atherinoides is mainly a carnivorous fish. Its food consists mainly of crustaceans, insects, rotifers, protozoans, algae, debris and detritus. The juvenile and adult C. atherinoides are surface feeders. Monthly variations in the percentage composition of the food items in the different stages of the fish were recorded. The fish changed its food and feeding habit seasonally. The feeding intensity was very poor in mature fishes during the spawning period. The immature fishes fed actively throughout the year. The ratio of the total length and alimentary canal length of the juvenile and adult stages of the fish is I :0.56 and 1: O. 61 and it has a shortened alimentary tract. The relationships between the total length and alimentary canal length of the juvenile and adult showed strong linear relationship. The ovaries of C. atherinoides were classified into ten stages. Immature stage, maturing-I ( early developing), maturing-II (late developing), mature, ripe, pre-spawning, spawning, post spawning, spent and resting stage.----Item Pesticidal properties of Anacardium occide1ttale L. against Tribolium casta1teum (Hbst.)(University of Rajshahi, 2003) Parveen, Shamima Akhter; Khalequzzaman, M.Insecticidal properties of Anacardium occidentale L. were investigated. All CHCh and MeOH extracts of leaves, nut-shells, root-bark and stem-bark extracts were tested against Valsa ceratosperma (Tode Ex Fries) and Tribolium ca.\:taneum (Hbst. ). At a dose of I 00 μg/spot on the chromatogram and the CH Ch extract of nutshell, CHCh and MeOH extracts of root-bark and CHCh extract of the stem-bark showed highest activity against the test fungus, whereas CHC'3 extract of leaf and MeOH extract of leaf and nut-shell showed no activity. Both the CHC'3 and MeOH extracts of nut-shells have been found strongly effective against the test insect T. castaneum while tested by topical application metho~. However, the MeOH extract of the root-bark was stronger compared to its chloroform extract. After the nut-shell and the root-bark extract stern-bark extracts were found active but the methanolic extract was less effective in this regard. In case of leaf, MeOH extract was stronger than the CHCL3 extract showing a similarity like the root-bark extract. All the extracts (for both CH Ch and MeOH) of different parts of A. occidentale, viz. leaf, nut-shell, root-bark and stem-bark were subjected to surface film test against 'l'. castaneum adults and no trace of activity for the within the given dose ranges was found.--Item Integration of Irradiation with Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Management of the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Sharmeen, Eliza; Islam, Md. ShaifulIn the thesis, the impact of radiation on successive generations and cytoplasmic incompatibility of Callosobruchus spp. is studied. C. chinensis and C. maculatus are considered as the study insects. Experiments of oviposition preference and mating competitiveness are also conducted. Study showed that C. chinensis collected either from lentil or Bengal gram preferred lentil << Bengal gram < green gram for oviposition. Regarding the adult emergence, their preferred seeds are green gram > > Bengal gram> Lentil. C. maculatus preferred seed according as they collected from. The highest emergences rate is found in green gram. C. maculatus preferred pea for oviposition but the emergence rate is nearer to zero in it. Irradiation is able to increase the development time of egg to adult in successive generations of C. maculatus. The dose 12Gy the maturity time in F5 generation has gone · more than 100 days. In breeding of the progeny of the irradiated parent do not affect the percentage of adult emergence. For C. chinensis the degree CVs decreases as the treated males increased. Further increase of the number of males the CVs would be the same. For C. maculatus the ratio 1: 1: 1 showed the highest competitiveness values for both radiation doses 6Gy and 8Gy. The dose with 8Gy showed the highest competitiveness value. For 6Gy dose the competitiveness values were the maximum for the ratio 1:1:3 and 1:1:4 and the minimum number of values is attained at the ratio 1:1:2. Both in C. chinensis and C. maculatus the regional and reciprocal crosses haveItem Efficacy of Earthworm Against Rheumatic Fever(University of Rajshahi, 2006) Rahman, Md. Mijanur; Jahan, Md. SarwarRheumatic fever is a chronic lethal disease which affects human at the age of 5-22 years. The disease if not managed properly in time it provokes heart diseases or valvular heart diseases after 10-15 years. There is no specific or selected therapy for the treatment or management of Rheumatic fever. Earthworms had been used as the potential source of medicine for treatment of many diseases related to Rheumatic fever effectively from ancient time. Accordingly, it was thought that earthworm tissue might contain certain effective medicinal compounds to cure Rheumatic fever and investigations were performed in vitro (Laboratory test) and in vivo (clinically). First of all, earthworm's extract was obtained from dry powder of one of the most common indigenous species by using successively ten different solvents through continuous hot percolation process for extraction. Diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetic acid, acetone, xylol and morpholine extracted out 2.89±1.23, 3.32±1.36, 16.25±3.15, 4.62±1.73, 0.86±0.29, 0.93±0.36, 1.15±0.49, 1.09±0.46, 0. 76±0.38, and 0.80±0.18 in percent by weight (mg) of the dry powder of earthworm tissue.Item Bioactive Properties of The Toothbrush Plant, Glycosmis Pentaphylla (Retz.) with Special Reference to Stored Product Pests(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Pramanik, Md. Shahidullah; Islam, Md. NurulIn the antimicrobial activity test both the antibacterial and antifungal tests offered promising outputs and the results were supported by the results ach'ieved by the previous workers (Rahmani et al., 2004; Greger, 1993) dealt with this plant. In the disc diffusion method the leaf extract gave the inhibition zones 17-, 16-, 16-, 14-, 16-, 20-, 12- and 7 mm for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. lutea, S. - {3-haemolyticus, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while in comparison the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33- 30-, 31-, 35-, 33-, 34- and 31 mm respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones were 14-, 15-, 15-, 11-, 15- , 10- and 10 mm for S. aureus, B. megaterium, S. lutea, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the same for the standard were 31"'., 28-, 30-, 35-, 33-, 34-, and 31 mm for the same test agents respectively. For the stem wood extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 14-, 12-, 10- and 12 mm respectively for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S.- {3-haemolyticus, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33-, 31-, 34- and 31 mm; and for the root extract the inhibition zones were 9-, 9-, 10-, 8- and 7 mm for S. aureu, B. megaterium, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 31-, 28, 33-, 34- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test agents respectively. Many previous works support this output. Arborinine, and acridone alkaloid obtained from G. pentaphylla, exhibited significant inhibition of crown gall tumors produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in a potato disc bioassay (Quader, et al., 1999). In the antifungal activity tests the leaf extract (chloroform) of G. pentaphyl/a offered promising activity, while the inhibition zones were 20 mm for A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however both of them remained responsive after 48 h with 12 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones 19-, 7-, 17- and 12 mm for A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucorsp. and C. afbicans after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h only the A. fumigatus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans remained responsive to the same with 12-, 13- and 9 mm of inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32, 28-, 30-and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. The stem wood extract offered inhibition zones 7-, 12-, 10-, 17- and 10 mm after 24 h of exposure against F. vasinfectum,.,A, fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans, among them only the Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 13 mm of the inhibition zone after 48 h of exposure; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 28-, 30- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. For the root extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 15- and 12 mm for F. vasinfectum, A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h the A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 9 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 31- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. The crude extracts showed cytotoxic activity while tested on the brine shrimp nauplii, A. salina. The LC5o values established were 28.579-, 28.659-, 57.213- and 84.111 ppm for leaf, stem bark, stem wood and root (root bark and root wood were not separated) extracts respectively; while the efficacy could be arranged in a descending order Leaf>stem bark> stem wood> root. Findings of Muthukrishnan and his group (Muthukrishnan et al., 1999) resembles with this result, while the addition of 10±4 to 10±5 M the quinazolone of arborine isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. pentaphylla leaf extract to water resulted in 83 to 100% mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larvae.--------Item Incidence of Bacterial and Viral Diseases of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L. in Bangladesh and their Control(University of Rajshahi, 1989) Barman, Anil Chandra; Rahman, Mustafizur; Quayum, M. A.Like other forms of life, the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is also affected by various types of diseases. During the growth the silkworms come in contact with a number of pathogenic agents like virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans etc. under natural environmental conditions. Life functions are thus interfered and a disease occurs. The ultimate result is the loss of worms and hence loss of cocoon production. The earliest scientific report on insect diseases was on silkworm ailments (Kirby 1826). Afterwards it was experimentally demonstrated that the microorganisms are the causative agents for certain sickness in silkworms (Steinhaus 1963). A major breakthrough in our understanding of silkworm disease was achieved by Pasteur (1885) who identified that the protozoan, Nosema sp. was responsible for the devastating disease ' pebrine' of silkworm (Rene Dubas 1960). Bacterial and viral diseases of silkworm are the most common diseases inhabiting all the silk producing countries and areas, although their severity varies with the consequent interaction of existing environment of different regions. Total crop losses due to these diseases are rarely known, but the cocoon yield is largely hampered affecting national plan as well as personal income. In any of the cases of bacterial or viral diseases, starting point is the individual silkworm from which the disease is spread to the population. The occurrence of disease in a population is the consequence of interaction between pathogen, host and the environment……………………….Item Bionomics Of The Sugarcane Top Shoot Borer, Tryporyza Nivella ( Fab. ) ( Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)(University of Rajshahi, 1990) Sirajuddin, Md.; Rahman, MustafizurThe bionomics of the top shoot borer, Tryporyza nivella (F.) of sugarcane have been carried out as follows: i) The systematics has been reviewed and the identification has been confirmed. ii) The biology of the pest was studied both in the field and under laboratory condition. The female lays eggs in masses on the undersurface of sugarcane leaves. Newlyhatched larva bores through the midrib and enters into the spindle causing 'dead heart' or 'shot-holes'. A single larva infests a single cane only and there it passes its larval and pupal stages. The moth comes out of the cane through the exit hole. The top shoot borer passes five instars during its larval stage. The instars were identified by regular sampling of the infested canes and confirmed by the application of Dyar's law. Occurence of five broods in a year was confirmed. :i:H.) Seasonal and regional (11 north-western sugarmills zones of Bangladesh) incidence of the pest have been surveyed. The incidence in all the mills zones was always minimum in the first brood. It increased up to brood number four anddecreased in the last or fifth brood. The incidence was the highest at Panchagarh among all the eleven study areas. It is also evident that the relationship between temperature and humidity is not independent but the two variables interact on the percentage of infestation. iv) Varietal behaviour (succeptibility to pest attack, reducing ability for loss in yield and recovery)of the four promising varieties Isd-16, Isd-17, Isd-2/54 and L.J.C. has been assessed. Variety Isd-16 was the least succeptible to top shoot borer while L.J.C. was the most succeptible one. Infestation of the top shoot borer produces a remarkable reduction in the length, circumference and weight of all the varieties. It has also a detrimental effect on the sucrose recovery in all the varieties studied. The loss was highest (35.598%) and the lowest (6.28%) in Isd-17 and L.J.C. respectively. v) Efficiency of mechanical control practice has been evaluated. Without mechanical control the incidence of T • nivella was 4.80 - 55.80% in the grower's field and it was 4.64-13.45% in all other study areas where usual mechanical control practice was adopted. But this practice adopted properly in the present investigation efficiently reduced the incidence and it was 4.20-6.60% only. vi) The natural enemies (parasites) of top shoot borer prevailing in the study areas have been identified and their effectiveness in controlling the pests in different broods at di-fferent sugarmill zones have been observed. Biology of the most common three parasites (Elasmus, Stenobracon and Topobracon sp. ) has been studied. --------Item Incidence of Bacterial and Viral diseases of silkworm. Bombyx mort l. In Bangladesh and their control(University of Rajshahi, 1989) Barman, Anil Chandra; Rahman, MustafizurLike other forms of life, the silkworm, Bombyx rnori L. is also affected by various ts of diseases. During the growth the silkworms come in contact with a number of pathcqenic agents like virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans etc. under natural environmental conditions. Life functions are thus interfered and a disease occurs. The ultimate result is the forms and hence loss of cocoon production-. The earliest scientific report on insect diseases was on silkworm ailments ( Kirby 1826). Afterwards it was experimentally demonstrated that the micro- .__ organisms are the causative agents for certain sickness in silkworms (Steinhaus 1963). A major breackthrough in our undestanding of silkworm disease was achieved by Pasteur (1885) who identified that the protozoan, Nosema sp. was responsible for the devastating disease ' pebrine' of silkworm (Rene Dubas 1960). Bacterial and viral diseases of silkworm are the most comnon diseases inhabiting all the silk prooucing countries and areas, although their severity varies with the ccnsequent interaction of existing env- ronment of different regions. Total crop losses due to these diseases are rarely known, but the cocoon yield is l;:irgely hampered affecting national plan as well as personal income. In any of the cases of bacterial or viral diseases, starting point is the individual silkworm from which the disease is spread to the pop..ilation. The occur1ence of disease in a p-,pulation is the con r---. since of interaction between pathcqen, host and the environment. -----------Item Open Water Fisheries Resources Management in Bogra District(University of Rajshahi, 2014) IQBAL, S.M.; Sultana, Sabina; Mortuza, M. Golam; Hossain, M. AltafIn the present investigation the samples were collected from July 2009 to June 2012 and 124 species 67 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. Fishes were collected from 15 fish landing centers out of 87 at Bogra district. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The present study has conducted at Bogra District during the July 2009 to June 2012. The fisheries item and open water bodies information were collected with the help of fishermen and related persons. There are 4 main rivers like Januma, Bangali, Korotoa and Ishamoti including the small river flows in the district. Total number of river 8, heels 95, and canals 35 are included open water bodies in this district. Open water bodies area 7,784.38 he. and close water bodies about 11,325 he. and fish production (Close water = 42,117.42 Mt. and open water bodies= 2,083.62 Mt.) 44,201.04 Mt. During the study area period a total of 9 species of Annelids, 17 species of Arthropods, 16 species of Mollusks, 7 species of Amphibians, 17 species of Reptiles, 30 species of Birds, 2 species of Mammals and 48 species of aquatic plants present in the study area. Varieties of crafts and gears are used for fishing purpose. In my present investigation major 12 types of nets, 8 types of traps, 8 types of spears and harpoons, mainly 3 types of line and 5 types crafts are found in the study area. The culturable and non·culturable fish species were listed. The total production of each upazilla was determined. Total 129 species 66 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The fisherman or producer is the first basic person of the marketing system. During the peak fishing season the commodity is sold to the farias and beparies. Farias again may sell the fishes at nearby markets or hand over it to the beparies. Beparies are the third basic person of the marketing channel. The total numbers of hat/bazaar are 186 (Daily Bazar 77 and weakly Hat 109). There are about 87 fish landing centers in the study area. In the study period it was found that 37 species of various groups of fishes from 4 important surveyed FLC's of Bogra district, Exotic carps, Major carps, Cat fish, Live fish, SIS and Others various fishes have been discussed about their monthly landing and wholesale price in details For the present study a total of fishermen were interviewed. Analysis of age structure show that the highest 26% of fishermen was of 20-30 age groups. On the other hand the lowest 2.33% comprised of fishermen Under 20 years of age. The educational status of the fishermen is not satisfactory. About 43.67% fishermen are illiterate. 5% fishermen have SSC pass. About 20.66% fishermen have primary education. 30.67% fishermen know just how to read or write. The highest percent (28.33%) of fishermen invest their capital from 10000-15000 Tk. and the lowest percent (2.33%) of investment are 2000-4000 Tk. Other group and percentages are 5.34% fishermen invest Tk. 4001-6000, 15.67% fishermen invest 6001-8000 Tk. 25.33% fishermen invest 8001-10000 Tk. and 15.33% fishermen invest 15000-20000 Tk.