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Item Fish and Fishery of Aspidoparia (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) of the River Padma(University of Rajshahi, 1997-11) Sultana, Nasrin; Hossain, Md. AltafBangladesh has vast fishery resources. The inland water areas of the country comprises 1.03 million hectares of rivers, canals and estuaries; 1,14,161 hectares of natural depressions such as the beals' and 'haors'; 1,61,943 hectares of ponds and tanks, 5,488 hectares of ox-bows; 68,800 hectares of Karnafuli reservior; 2.8 million hectares of flood plains and 87,300 hectares of brackish water aquaforms (Rahman, 1989). A total of 260 species of indigenous species of fin fishes are found in the freshwater habitats of Bangladesh and majority of these fishes are small sized (Rahman, 1989). The small indigenous fishes (SIS) form an important human food item, rich source of complete proteins containing all the essential aminoacids in right proportion. Fish protein is said to be more healthier and cholesterol free and also contains fatty acid which help in cholesterol absorption in the body tissues. The people are advised to take much smaller fish than meat. According to FAO report, (1991), fish contain 72% water, 19% protein, 89% fat, 0.15% calcium 0.25% phosphorus and 0.10% vitamin A,B,C and D. National Household Expenditure Survey (NHES) shows that anmel fish consumption in Bangladesh peaked in 1985 at 13.2 kg/person, had declined to 12.6 kg/person by 1992. This is in the same agreement with the information developed by North West Area Development Study (NWADS), which shows that overall fish supply has stagnated, resulting in price increase in real terms of over 2.8% per annum in the Northwest Region (Interim Report Vol-5 ADB February, 1997). The SIS fishes thus, make a very significant contribution to the daily intake of fish. Moreover, Siddiqui (1985) reported that in Bangladesh about 80 percent of the population is poor and they mainly depend on small size fish for their daily supply of animal protein at a reasonable price. Another advantages of small size fish is that they could easily breed and grow in water bodies, where culture of other major fishes are impossible. However, the ever expanding programme of flood control, drainage and irrigation is interfering with the whole ecological system in fishery resources, thereby causing both loss and degradation of their habitats. Which will inevitably lead to diminution and even disappearance of 95 percent of inland fish production. The present species 4. morer is mostly available in the river systems of Bangladesh. The biology of this species had been reported by Sultana (1991), Bhuiyan et al. (1992) compared the past and present data on the landing of the species together with the market price found that the natural production of the species is decreasing due to construction of the Farakka Barrage and oder FCD projects which caused detremental effect on the national aquatic system. Moreover, over exploitation of fish population and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals also adversely affected the fisheries resources. A. morar is an important species due to its high nutritional value in terms of protein content. Inspite of its usefulness as a source of protein, no detailed studies on the chemical and biochemical investigation has so far been reported. This is a small sized fish with a maximum size of 145 man, feiches the hightest market price due to its taste and flavour. This fish generally live in shallow water of the sandy bottom and medium current areas of the rivers. We hope the present finding may help to increase its population in the river Padma near RajshahiItem Ecology, Biology and Fishery of Clupisoma Atherinoides (Bloch) (Cypriniformes:Schilbeidae)Ecology, Biology and Fishery of Clupisoma Atherinoides (Bloch) (Cypriniformes:Schilbeidae)(University of Rajshahi, 1999) Begum, Mahbuba; Bhuiyan, M. Abdus SalamThe juvenile and adult of C. atherinoides is mainly a carnivorous fish. Its food consists mainly of crustaceans, insects, rotifers, protozoans, algae, debris and detritus. The juvenile and adult C. atherinoides are surface feeders. Monthly variations in the percentage composition of the food items in the different stages of the fish were recorded. The fish changed its food and feeding habit seasonally. The feeding intensity was very poor in mature fishes during the spawning period. The immature fishes fed actively throughout the year. The ratio of the total length and alimentary canal length of the juvenile and adult stages of the fish is I :0.56 and 1: O. 61 and it has a shortened alimentary tract. The relationships between the total length and alimentary canal length of the juvenile and adult showed strong linear relationship. The ovaries of C. atherinoides were classified into ten stages. Immature stage, maturing-I ( early developing), maturing-II (late developing), mature, ripe, pre-spawning, spawning, post spawning, spent and resting stage.----Item Integration of Irradiation with Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Management of the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Sharmeen, Eliza; Islam, Md. ShaifulIn the thesis, the impact of radiation on successive generations and cytoplasmic incompatibility of Callosobruchus spp. is studied. C. chinensis and C. maculatus are considered as the study insects. Experiments of oviposition preference and mating competitiveness are also conducted. Study showed that C. chinensis collected either from lentil or Bengal gram preferred lentil << Bengal gram < green gram for oviposition. Regarding the adult emergence, their preferred seeds are green gram > > Bengal gram> Lentil. C. maculatus preferred seed according as they collected from. The highest emergences rate is found in green gram. C. maculatus preferred pea for oviposition but the emergence rate is nearer to zero in it. Irradiation is able to increase the development time of egg to adult in successive generations of C. maculatus. The dose 12Gy the maturity time in F5 generation has gone · more than 100 days. In breeding of the progeny of the irradiated parent do not affect the percentage of adult emergence. For C. chinensis the degree CVs decreases as the treated males increased. Further increase of the number of males the CVs would be the same. For C. maculatus the ratio 1: 1: 1 showed the highest competitiveness values for both radiation doses 6Gy and 8Gy. The dose with 8Gy showed the highest competitiveness value. For 6Gy dose the competitiveness values were the maximum for the ratio 1:1:3 and 1:1:4 and the minimum number of values is attained at the ratio 1:1:2. Both in C. chinensis and C. maculatus the regional and reciprocal crosses haveItem Efficacy of Earthworm Against Rheumatic Fever(University of Rajshahi, 2006) Rahman, Md. Mijanur; Jahan, Md. SarwarRheumatic fever is a chronic lethal disease which affects human at the age of 5-22 years. The disease if not managed properly in time it provokes heart diseases or valvular heart diseases after 10-15 years. There is no specific or selected therapy for the treatment or management of Rheumatic fever. Earthworms had been used as the potential source of medicine for treatment of many diseases related to Rheumatic fever effectively from ancient time. Accordingly, it was thought that earthworm tissue might contain certain effective medicinal compounds to cure Rheumatic fever and investigations were performed in vitro (Laboratory test) and in vivo (clinically). First of all, earthworm's extract was obtained from dry powder of one of the most common indigenous species by using successively ten different solvents through continuous hot percolation process for extraction. Diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetic acid, acetone, xylol and morpholine extracted out 2.89±1.23, 3.32±1.36, 16.25±3.15, 4.62±1.73, 0.86±0.29, 0.93±0.36, 1.15±0.49, 1.09±0.46, 0. 76±0.38, and 0.80±0.18 in percent by weight (mg) of the dry powder of earthworm tissue.Item Incidence of Bacterial and Viral Diseases of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L. in Bangladesh and their Control(University of Rajshahi, 1989) Barman, Anil Chandra; Rahman, Mustafizur; Quayum, M. A.Like other forms of life, the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is also affected by various types of diseases. During the growth the silkworms come in contact with a number of pathogenic agents like virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans etc. under natural environmental conditions. Life functions are thus interfered and a disease occurs. The ultimate result is the loss of worms and hence loss of cocoon production. The earliest scientific report on insect diseases was on silkworm ailments (Kirby 1826). Afterwards it was experimentally demonstrated that the microorganisms are the causative agents for certain sickness in silkworms (Steinhaus 1963). A major breakthrough in our understanding of silkworm disease was achieved by Pasteur (1885) who identified that the protozoan, Nosema sp. was responsible for the devastating disease ' pebrine' of silkworm (Rene Dubas 1960). Bacterial and viral diseases of silkworm are the most common diseases inhabiting all the silk producing countries and areas, although their severity varies with the consequent interaction of existing environment of different regions. Total crop losses due to these diseases are rarely known, but the cocoon yield is largely hampered affecting national plan as well as personal income. In any of the cases of bacterial or viral diseases, starting point is the individual silkworm from which the disease is spread to the population. The occurrence of disease in a population is the consequence of interaction between pathogen, host and the environment……………………….Item Incidence of Bacterial and Viral diseases of silkworm. Bombyx mort l. In Bangladesh and their control(University of Rajshahi, 1989) Barman, Anil Chandra; Rahman, MustafizurLike other forms of life, the silkworm, Bombyx rnori L. is also affected by various ts of diseases. During the growth the silkworms come in contact with a number of pathcqenic agents like virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans etc. under natural environmental conditions. Life functions are thus interfered and a disease occurs. The ultimate result is the forms and hence loss of cocoon production-. The earliest scientific report on insect diseases was on silkworm ailments ( Kirby 1826). Afterwards it was experimentally demonstrated that the micro- .__ organisms are the causative agents for certain sickness in silkworms (Steinhaus 1963). A major breackthrough in our undestanding of silkworm disease was achieved by Pasteur (1885) who identified that the protozoan, Nosema sp. was responsible for the devastating disease ' pebrine' of silkworm (Rene Dubas 1960). Bacterial and viral diseases of silkworm are the most comnon diseases inhabiting all the silk prooucing countries and areas, although their severity varies with the ccnsequent interaction of existing env- ronment of different regions. Total crop losses due to these diseases are rarely known, but the cocoon yield is l;:irgely hampered affecting national plan as well as personal income. In any of the cases of bacterial or viral diseases, starting point is the individual silkworm from which the disease is spread to the pop..ilation. The occur1ence of disease in a p-,pulation is the con r---. since of interaction between pathcqen, host and the environment. -----------Item Open Water Fisheries Resources Management in Bogra District(University of Rajshahi, 2014) IQBAL, S.M.; Sultana, Sabina; Mortuza, M. Golam; Hossain, M. AltafIn the present investigation the samples were collected from July 2009 to June 2012 and 124 species 67 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. Fishes were collected from 15 fish landing centers out of 87 at Bogra district. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The present study has conducted at Bogra District during the July 2009 to June 2012. The fisheries item and open water bodies information were collected with the help of fishermen and related persons. There are 4 main rivers like Januma, Bangali, Korotoa and Ishamoti including the small river flows in the district. Total number of river 8, heels 95, and canals 35 are included open water bodies in this district. Open water bodies area 7,784.38 he. and close water bodies about 11,325 he. and fish production (Close water = 42,117.42 Mt. and open water bodies= 2,083.62 Mt.) 44,201.04 Mt. During the study area period a total of 9 species of Annelids, 17 species of Arthropods, 16 species of Mollusks, 7 species of Amphibians, 17 species of Reptiles, 30 species of Birds, 2 species of Mammals and 48 species of aquatic plants present in the study area. Varieties of crafts and gears are used for fishing purpose. In my present investigation major 12 types of nets, 8 types of traps, 8 types of spears and harpoons, mainly 3 types of line and 5 types crafts are found in the study area. The culturable and non·culturable fish species were listed. The total production of each upazilla was determined. Total 129 species 66 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The fisherman or producer is the first basic person of the marketing system. During the peak fishing season the commodity is sold to the farias and beparies. Farias again may sell the fishes at nearby markets or hand over it to the beparies. Beparies are the third basic person of the marketing channel. The total numbers of hat/bazaar are 186 (Daily Bazar 77 and weakly Hat 109). There are about 87 fish landing centers in the study area. In the study period it was found that 37 species of various groups of fishes from 4 important surveyed FLC's of Bogra district, Exotic carps, Major carps, Cat fish, Live fish, SIS and Others various fishes have been discussed about their monthly landing and wholesale price in details For the present study a total of fishermen were interviewed. Analysis of age structure show that the highest 26% of fishermen was of 20-30 age groups. On the other hand the lowest 2.33% comprised of fishermen Under 20 years of age. The educational status of the fishermen is not satisfactory. About 43.67% fishermen are illiterate. 5% fishermen have SSC pass. About 20.66% fishermen have primary education. 30.67% fishermen know just how to read or write. The highest percent (28.33%) of fishermen invest their capital from 10000-15000 Tk. and the lowest percent (2.33%) of investment are 2000-4000 Tk. Other group and percentages are 5.34% fishermen invest Tk. 4001-6000, 15.67% fishermen invest 6001-8000 Tk. 25.33% fishermen invest 8001-10000 Tk. and 15.33% fishermen invest 15000-20000 Tk.Item Epidemiological Investigation of Schistosomosis in Domestic Cattle in Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Begum, Nurjahan; Mannan, Md. Abdul; Awal, Md. AbdulBovine schistosomiasis is a disease of great economic importance in cattle production resulted from infection by helminth parasite of the genus Schistosoma. An epidemiological study of bovine schistosomiasis was conducted in Mymensingh, Netrokona, Kishorgonj, Chittagong and Sirajgonj areas of Bangladesh. On farm and abattoir survey were done to find out the risk factors associated with epidemiology, abundance of vectors and their relationship with temperature and rainfall during September 2009 to August 2011. Epidemiological data were collected from five different agro-ecological zones and schistosomiasis was found as one of the major bovine parasitic diseases. Among the different areas Sirajgonj district, male, adult animal and rainy and summer seasons were identified as significant risk factors for bovine schistosomiasis by egg (egg per gram of feces) count in Bangladesh. Among the three species of mostly common schistosomes in Indian sub-continent two species of were recorded during this period. Schistosoma indicum (29.9%) were the most common species than Schistosoma Spindale (10.6 %). Based on fecal egg examination a significant variation in the prevalence of bovine schistosomiasis were observed according to districts, ages, breeds, sexes, physical conditions, fecal consistency, sanitations, grazing, diets, de-worming, farming systems and seasons. Mesenteric blood vessels examination showed higher prevalence (48.0%) than fecal examination (33.2%). A significant variation in the prevalence of bovine schistosomiasis was observed according to regions and seasons. The highest number of total schistosomes counted from one mesenteric blood vessel was 322 and lowest was 18. In the study of intensity 27.4% of the mesenteric blood vessels showed moderate intensity (21-100 pair) which were statistically significant than low and heavy worm intensity. In order to find out the role of vector host snails were examined and 3.8% were found positive for cercariae of schistosomes of cattle with seasonal variation. Among the three different types of snails Indoplanorbis exustus played the dominant role followed by Lymnaea luteola and L. auricularia for shedding of Furcocercus cercariae. The shedding of Schistosoma spp. carcariae was significantly higher (P<0.01) during rainy season. The miracidial hatchability study clearly showed that miracidia hatching increases with the decreasing age of cattle. This observation clearly indicates that young animal plays an important role in the transmission cycle. Though clinical signs were not observed but histopathology of liver, small intestine and large intestine showed slight to moderate parasitic granulomas produced by the S. indicum eggs and adult parasites. Two simple methods such as egg detection method and miracidia hatching test was of great help in performing a proper diagnosis and fair assessment of schistosomiasis in the field. It may be concluded that schistosomiasis in cattle could be listed among the infectious diseases with special care because of climate change in the future which will severely affect the disease transmission dynamics. This study indicated that treatment of the infected animal with proper anthelmintic at the end of summer and restrict their movement nearer to water reservoirs could reduce the infection rate to a greater extent.Item Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth and Development of the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx Mori L(University of Rajshahi, 2014) Banu, Hosna Ara; Rahman, Sowdagar Mahfuzar; Ahsan, Md. KamrulAn attempt was initiated for the utilization of different plant materials as food supplement for the improvement of different economic traits of Bombyx mori L. For this purpose initially an experiment was conducted to screen out different parts of Abroma Augusta, Centella asiatica, Neolamarckia cadamba, Solanum tuberosum, Persicaria acuminata and Andrographis paniculate plant with respect to their toxic effect on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Relative toxicity by probity analysis for different parts of six plants extracts at different feeding schedules against silkworm larvae have been found out. Results on the mean mortality percentage of the larvae indicated that all the parts of P. acuminata and A. paniculata extracts showed toxic effect. With the increase of the dose of the extracts of the plant materials mortality of the larvae were increased. The LD50 values for different parts extracts at different feeding schedules also implied that different parts of those plant extracts produced higher mortality so that fruitful results could not be achieved with the supplementation in the feeding of silkworm larvae. On the other hand, results on the mean mortality percentage of the larvae indicated that all the parts of A. Augusta, C. asiatica, N. cadamba, S. tuberosum plant extracts were not toxic. The LD50 values also reported the same effect. After screening, the effects of the supplementation of different parts, viz. leaf, stem, root extracts of A. Augusta, C. asiatica, N. cadamba, S. tuberosum on growth and development of B. mori at different feeding schedules, viz. fed only in 1st feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-1), fed every day in 1st feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-2), fed every day in 1st and 3rd feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-3) were conducted. Leaf extract of A. Augusta increased the WML, LML, BML at different doses compare to control while fed in FS-1, FS-2 and FS-3. The highest and the lowest results for these parameters were observed at 500 ppm and control respectively………………………………Item Small Fishes of the River Padma Near Rajshahi and Their Utilization in the Preparation of Fish Meal and Fish Protein Concentrate (Fpc)(University of Rajshahi, 2012) Akther, Sarmin; Bhuiyan, N. I. M. Abdus SalamThe small indigenous fishes (SIF) are the great source of protein, fat, minerals and micro nutrients. The present research provides information about the small indigenous fishes of the river Padda (Padma) and their preservation, preparation and utilization of FPC made of fast food as fish powder and biochemical analyses of fishmeal of these fishes. The study was carried out during the period from July 2008 to June 2011. The specimens were collected by multiple spot visits to the river bank of Rajshahi City and their adjacent areas and different fish markets. A total of five species of fishes and a group of mixed fishes under 5 families and 5 orders such Glossogobius giuris, Colisafasciata, Puntius ticto, Eutropiichthyes vacha, Corica soborna and some mixed fishes ( Chanda nama, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mola, Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenentodon cancila) were selected to determine the flesh production, preparation and preservation of powder, utilization, acceptability, biochemical analyses and fishmeal preparation of fish powder and fast food products made by powder of the small fishes. Total length, total weight, after dressing weight, waste weight and weight after dressing and washing were recorded. The percentage of edible portion compared to their wastes were also determined. The highest percentage of weight after dressing and washing was found for Corica soborna 97.54% and the lowest in mixed fishes 72.34%. Among the six experimental fishes the highest percentage of waste product was 27.66% in mixed fishes and 2.5% was the lowest in Corica soborna. Five different species and a group of mixed fishes were used for preparation of powder (FPC). Preservation of all these fishes were in powdered form which were sun dried or oven dried. Sun drying is easy a process and can be used in large scale. But quality of the oven dried fishes was better. The fish powder remains in good condition for 7-9 months at normal room temperature, but in -l 8°C the powder was in good condition throughout the year. Highest quantity of powder from 1 kg of fish was obtained in case of Corica soborna 25.80% and the lowest 11.72% in Glossogobius giuris. Biochemical analyses of the selected six small fishes (protein, fat, moisture, minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, iron) were done. The maximum calcium content was found as 2.53% in Puntius ticto and minimum was 1.66% in Glossogobius giuris. Maximum phosphorous content was 2.93% in Colisa fasciata and minimum was 1.85% in mixed fishes (Chanda nama, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mo/a, Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenentodon cancila). Maximum iron content was found as 32.00 mg/l00g in mixed fishes and minimum in Puntius ticto as 20.25 mg/l00g. The maximum moisture content was found in Glossogobius giuris (14.28%) and minimum in Corica soborna fishes (12.05%). Maximum protein was found in Glossogobius giuris (73.32%) and minimum in Colisafasciata (57.76%). Maximum fat content was found in Corica soborna (23.63%) and minimum in Eutropiichthyes vacha 1.29%. Different fast-food items such as fish soup, fish cutlet, fish toast, fish burger, fish stick kabab, fish ball noodles, fish parotta, fish papadum, fish pakora were prepared by the six experimental fishes. The consumers' remarks and acceptances towards the taste, flavor and color of different fish fast food items in relation to occupation such as teachers, students, doctors, house wives and others were also observed. The majority of different professionals gave their opinion as good and tasty of all the fast-food products. These included fish soup (45%), fish cutlet (47%), fish toast (46%), fish burger (50%), fish stick kabab (45%), fish ball with noodles (41 %), fish parotta (47%), fish pakora (39%) and fish papadum (39%). The cost of production and profit of the products were assessed. Among all the fast-food products fish burger was of the highest production cost (Tk. 25.00). But on the consumers' remarks basis the highest cost was of fish soup (Tk. 21.5) and the lowest production cost was in fish papadum Tk. 10.50 and Tk. 14.7 in fish cutlet. The present work also gives an information on how to make fishmeal with the head, fin, viscera and other waste parts of the fishes and their utilization.