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Item Pesticidal properties of Anacardium occide1ttale L. against Tribolium casta1teum (Hbst.)(University of Rajshahi, 2003) Parveen, Shamima Akhter; Khalequzzaman, M.Insecticidal properties of Anacardium occidentale L. were investigated. All CHCh and MeOH extracts of leaves, nut-shells, root-bark and stem-bark extracts were tested against Valsa ceratosperma (Tode Ex Fries) and Tribolium ca.\:taneum (Hbst. ). At a dose of I 00 μg/spot on the chromatogram and the CH Ch extract of nutshell, CHCh and MeOH extracts of root-bark and CHCh extract of the stem-bark showed highest activity against the test fungus, whereas CHC'3 extract of leaf and MeOH extract of leaf and nut-shell showed no activity. Both the CHC'3 and MeOH extracts of nut-shells have been found strongly effective against the test insect T. castaneum while tested by topical application metho~. However, the MeOH extract of the root-bark was stronger compared to its chloroform extract. After the nut-shell and the root-bark extract stern-bark extracts were found active but the methanolic extract was less effective in this regard. In case of leaf, MeOH extract was stronger than the CHCL3 extract showing a similarity like the root-bark extract. All the extracts (for both CH Ch and MeOH) of different parts of A. occidentale, viz. leaf, nut-shell, root-bark and stem-bark were subjected to surface film test against 'l'. castaneum adults and no trace of activity for the within the given dose ranges was found.--Item Integration of Irradiation with Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Management of the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Sharmeen, Eliza; Islam, Md. ShaifulIn the thesis, the impact of radiation on successive generations and cytoplasmic incompatibility of Callosobruchus spp. is studied. C. chinensis and C. maculatus are considered as the study insects. Experiments of oviposition preference and mating competitiveness are also conducted. Study showed that C. chinensis collected either from lentil or Bengal gram preferred lentil << Bengal gram < green gram for oviposition. Regarding the adult emergence, their preferred seeds are green gram > > Bengal gram> Lentil. C. maculatus preferred seed according as they collected from. The highest emergences rate is found in green gram. C. maculatus preferred pea for oviposition but the emergence rate is nearer to zero in it. Irradiation is able to increase the development time of egg to adult in successive generations of C. maculatus. The dose 12Gy the maturity time in F5 generation has gone · more than 100 days. In breeding of the progeny of the irradiated parent do not affect the percentage of adult emergence. For C. chinensis the degree CVs decreases as the treated males increased. Further increase of the number of males the CVs would be the same. For C. maculatus the ratio 1: 1: 1 showed the highest competitiveness values for both radiation doses 6Gy and 8Gy. The dose with 8Gy showed the highest competitiveness value. For 6Gy dose the competitiveness values were the maximum for the ratio 1:1:3 and 1:1:4 and the minimum number of values is attained at the ratio 1:1:2. Both in C. chinensis and C. maculatus the regional and reciprocal crosses haveItem Efficacy of Earthworm Against Rheumatic Fever(University of Rajshahi, 2006) Rahman, Md. Mijanur; Jahan, Md. SarwarRheumatic fever is a chronic lethal disease which affects human at the age of 5-22 years. The disease if not managed properly in time it provokes heart diseases or valvular heart diseases after 10-15 years. There is no specific or selected therapy for the treatment or management of Rheumatic fever. Earthworms had been used as the potential source of medicine for treatment of many diseases related to Rheumatic fever effectively from ancient time. Accordingly, it was thought that earthworm tissue might contain certain effective medicinal compounds to cure Rheumatic fever and investigations were performed in vitro (Laboratory test) and in vivo (clinically). First of all, earthworm's extract was obtained from dry powder of one of the most common indigenous species by using successively ten different solvents through continuous hot percolation process for extraction. Diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetic acid, acetone, xylol and morpholine extracted out 2.89±1.23, 3.32±1.36, 16.25±3.15, 4.62±1.73, 0.86±0.29, 0.93±0.36, 1.15±0.49, 1.09±0.46, 0. 76±0.38, and 0.80±0.18 in percent by weight (mg) of the dry powder of earthworm tissue.Item Bioactive Properties of The Toothbrush Plant, Glycosmis Pentaphylla (Retz.) with Special Reference to Stored Product Pests(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Pramanik, Md. Shahidullah; Islam, Md. NurulIn the antimicrobial activity test both the antibacterial and antifungal tests offered promising outputs and the results were supported by the results ach'ieved by the previous workers (Rahmani et al., 2004; Greger, 1993) dealt with this plant. In the disc diffusion method the leaf extract gave the inhibition zones 17-, 16-, 16-, 14-, 16-, 20-, 12- and 7 mm for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. lutea, S. - {3-haemolyticus, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while in comparison the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33- 30-, 31-, 35-, 33-, 34- and 31 mm respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones were 14-, 15-, 15-, 11-, 15- , 10- and 10 mm for S. aureus, B. megaterium, S. lutea, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the same for the standard were 31"'., 28-, 30-, 35-, 33-, 34-, and 31 mm for the same test agents respectively. For the stem wood extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 14-, 12-, 10- and 12 mm respectively for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S.- {3-haemolyticus, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33-, 31-, 34- and 31 mm; and for the root extract the inhibition zones were 9-, 9-, 10-, 8- and 7 mm for S. aureu, B. megaterium, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 31-, 28, 33-, 34- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test agents respectively. Many previous works support this output. Arborinine, and acridone alkaloid obtained from G. pentaphylla, exhibited significant inhibition of crown gall tumors produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in a potato disc bioassay (Quader, et al., 1999). In the antifungal activity tests the leaf extract (chloroform) of G. pentaphyl/a offered promising activity, while the inhibition zones were 20 mm for A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however both of them remained responsive after 48 h with 12 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones 19-, 7-, 17- and 12 mm for A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucorsp. and C. afbicans after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h only the A. fumigatus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans remained responsive to the same with 12-, 13- and 9 mm of inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32, 28-, 30-and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. The stem wood extract offered inhibition zones 7-, 12-, 10-, 17- and 10 mm after 24 h of exposure against F. vasinfectum,.,A, fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans, among them only the Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 13 mm of the inhibition zone after 48 h of exposure; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 28-, 30- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. For the root extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 15- and 12 mm for F. vasinfectum, A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h the A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 9 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 31- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. The crude extracts showed cytotoxic activity while tested on the brine shrimp nauplii, A. salina. The LC5o values established were 28.579-, 28.659-, 57.213- and 84.111 ppm for leaf, stem bark, stem wood and root (root bark and root wood were not separated) extracts respectively; while the efficacy could be arranged in a descending order Leaf>stem bark> stem wood> root. Findings of Muthukrishnan and his group (Muthukrishnan et al., 1999) resembles with this result, while the addition of 10±4 to 10±5 M the quinazolone of arborine isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. pentaphylla leaf extract to water resulted in 83 to 100% mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larvae.--------Item Open Water Fisheries Resources Management in Bogra District(University of Rajshahi, 2014) IQBAL, S.M.; Sultana, Sabina; Mortuza, M. Golam; Hossain, M. AltafIn the present investigation the samples were collected from July 2009 to June 2012 and 124 species 67 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. Fishes were collected from 15 fish landing centers out of 87 at Bogra district. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The present study has conducted at Bogra District during the July 2009 to June 2012. The fisheries item and open water bodies information were collected with the help of fishermen and related persons. There are 4 main rivers like Januma, Bangali, Korotoa and Ishamoti including the small river flows in the district. Total number of river 8, heels 95, and canals 35 are included open water bodies in this district. Open water bodies area 7,784.38 he. and close water bodies about 11,325 he. and fish production (Close water = 42,117.42 Mt. and open water bodies= 2,083.62 Mt.) 44,201.04 Mt. During the study area period a total of 9 species of Annelids, 17 species of Arthropods, 16 species of Mollusks, 7 species of Amphibians, 17 species of Reptiles, 30 species of Birds, 2 species of Mammals and 48 species of aquatic plants present in the study area. Varieties of crafts and gears are used for fishing purpose. In my present investigation major 12 types of nets, 8 types of traps, 8 types of spears and harpoons, mainly 3 types of line and 5 types crafts are found in the study area. The culturable and non·culturable fish species were listed. The total production of each upazilla was determined. Total 129 species 66 genera 29 families 12 orders of fish are recorded. All these fish species have economic value, but there are about 57 species under 34 genera are most economic important. The fisherman or producer is the first basic person of the marketing system. During the peak fishing season the commodity is sold to the farias and beparies. Farias again may sell the fishes at nearby markets or hand over it to the beparies. Beparies are the third basic person of the marketing channel. The total numbers of hat/bazaar are 186 (Daily Bazar 77 and weakly Hat 109). There are about 87 fish landing centers in the study area. In the study period it was found that 37 species of various groups of fishes from 4 important surveyed FLC's of Bogra district, Exotic carps, Major carps, Cat fish, Live fish, SIS and Others various fishes have been discussed about their monthly landing and wholesale price in details For the present study a total of fishermen were interviewed. Analysis of age structure show that the highest 26% of fishermen was of 20-30 age groups. On the other hand the lowest 2.33% comprised of fishermen Under 20 years of age. The educational status of the fishermen is not satisfactory. About 43.67% fishermen are illiterate. 5% fishermen have SSC pass. About 20.66% fishermen have primary education. 30.67% fishermen know just how to read or write. The highest percent (28.33%) of fishermen invest their capital from 10000-15000 Tk. and the lowest percent (2.33%) of investment are 2000-4000 Tk. Other group and percentages are 5.34% fishermen invest Tk. 4001-6000, 15.67% fishermen invest 6001-8000 Tk. 25.33% fishermen invest 8001-10000 Tk. and 15.33% fishermen invest 15000-20000 Tk.Item Epidemiological Investigation of Schistosomosis in Domestic Cattle in Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Begum, Nurjahan; Mannan, Md. Abdul; Awal, Md. AbdulBovine schistosomiasis is a disease of great economic importance in cattle production resulted from infection by helminth parasite of the genus Schistosoma. An epidemiological study of bovine schistosomiasis was conducted in Mymensingh, Netrokona, Kishorgonj, Chittagong and Sirajgonj areas of Bangladesh. On farm and abattoir survey were done to find out the risk factors associated with epidemiology, abundance of vectors and their relationship with temperature and rainfall during September 2009 to August 2011. Epidemiological data were collected from five different agro-ecological zones and schistosomiasis was found as one of the major bovine parasitic diseases. Among the different areas Sirajgonj district, male, adult animal and rainy and summer seasons were identified as significant risk factors for bovine schistosomiasis by egg (egg per gram of feces) count in Bangladesh. Among the three species of mostly common schistosomes in Indian sub-continent two species of were recorded during this period. Schistosoma indicum (29.9%) were the most common species than Schistosoma Spindale (10.6 %). Based on fecal egg examination a significant variation in the prevalence of bovine schistosomiasis were observed according to districts, ages, breeds, sexes, physical conditions, fecal consistency, sanitations, grazing, diets, de-worming, farming systems and seasons. Mesenteric blood vessels examination showed higher prevalence (48.0%) than fecal examination (33.2%). A significant variation in the prevalence of bovine schistosomiasis was observed according to regions and seasons. The highest number of total schistosomes counted from one mesenteric blood vessel was 322 and lowest was 18. In the study of intensity 27.4% of the mesenteric blood vessels showed moderate intensity (21-100 pair) which were statistically significant than low and heavy worm intensity. In order to find out the role of vector host snails were examined and 3.8% were found positive for cercariae of schistosomes of cattle with seasonal variation. Among the three different types of snails Indoplanorbis exustus played the dominant role followed by Lymnaea luteola and L. auricularia for shedding of Furcocercus cercariae. The shedding of Schistosoma spp. carcariae was significantly higher (P<0.01) during rainy season. The miracidial hatchability study clearly showed that miracidia hatching increases with the decreasing age of cattle. This observation clearly indicates that young animal plays an important role in the transmission cycle. Though clinical signs were not observed but histopathology of liver, small intestine and large intestine showed slight to moderate parasitic granulomas produced by the S. indicum eggs and adult parasites. Two simple methods such as egg detection method and miracidia hatching test was of great help in performing a proper diagnosis and fair assessment of schistosomiasis in the field. It may be concluded that schistosomiasis in cattle could be listed among the infectious diseases with special care because of climate change in the future which will severely affect the disease transmission dynamics. This study indicated that treatment of the infected animal with proper anthelmintic at the end of summer and restrict their movement nearer to water reservoirs could reduce the infection rate to a greater extent.Item Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth and Development of the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx Mori L(University of Rajshahi, 2014) Banu, Hosna Ara; Rahman, Sowdagar Mahfuzar; Ahsan, Md. KamrulAn attempt was initiated for the utilization of different plant materials as food supplement for the improvement of different economic traits of Bombyx mori L. For this purpose initially an experiment was conducted to screen out different parts of Abroma Augusta, Centella asiatica, Neolamarckia cadamba, Solanum tuberosum, Persicaria acuminata and Andrographis paniculate plant with respect to their toxic effect on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Relative toxicity by probity analysis for different parts of six plants extracts at different feeding schedules against silkworm larvae have been found out. Results on the mean mortality percentage of the larvae indicated that all the parts of P. acuminata and A. paniculata extracts showed toxic effect. With the increase of the dose of the extracts of the plant materials mortality of the larvae were increased. The LD50 values for different parts extracts at different feeding schedules also implied that different parts of those plant extracts produced higher mortality so that fruitful results could not be achieved with the supplementation in the feeding of silkworm larvae. On the other hand, results on the mean mortality percentage of the larvae indicated that all the parts of A. Augusta, C. asiatica, N. cadamba, S. tuberosum plant extracts were not toxic. The LD50 values also reported the same effect. After screening, the effects of the supplementation of different parts, viz. leaf, stem, root extracts of A. Augusta, C. asiatica, N. cadamba, S. tuberosum on growth and development of B. mori at different feeding schedules, viz. fed only in 1st feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-1), fed every day in 1st feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-2), fed every day in 1st and 3rd feeding of 3rd to 5th instar larvae (FS-3) were conducted. Leaf extract of A. Augusta increased the WML, LML, BML at different doses compare to control while fed in FS-1, FS-2 and FS-3. The highest and the lowest results for these parameters were observed at 500 ppm and control respectively………………………………Item Small Fishes of the River Padma Near Rajshahi and Their Utilization in the Preparation of Fish Meal and Fish Protein Concentrate (Fpc)(University of Rajshahi, 2012) Akther, Sarmin; Bhuiyan, N. I. M. Abdus SalamThe small indigenous fishes (SIF) are the great source of protein, fat, minerals and micro nutrients. The present research provides information about the small indigenous fishes of the river Padda (Padma) and their preservation, preparation and utilization of FPC made of fast food as fish powder and biochemical analyses of fishmeal of these fishes. The study was carried out during the period from July 2008 to June 2011. The specimens were collected by multiple spot visits to the river bank of Rajshahi City and their adjacent areas and different fish markets. A total of five species of fishes and a group of mixed fishes under 5 families and 5 orders such Glossogobius giuris, Colisafasciata, Puntius ticto, Eutropiichthyes vacha, Corica soborna and some mixed fishes ( Chanda nama, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mola, Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenentodon cancila) were selected to determine the flesh production, preparation and preservation of powder, utilization, acceptability, biochemical analyses and fishmeal preparation of fish powder and fast food products made by powder of the small fishes. Total length, total weight, after dressing weight, waste weight and weight after dressing and washing were recorded. The percentage of edible portion compared to their wastes were also determined. The highest percentage of weight after dressing and washing was found for Corica soborna 97.54% and the lowest in mixed fishes 72.34%. Among the six experimental fishes the highest percentage of waste product was 27.66% in mixed fishes and 2.5% was the lowest in Corica soborna. Five different species and a group of mixed fishes were used for preparation of powder (FPC). Preservation of all these fishes were in powdered form which were sun dried or oven dried. Sun drying is easy a process and can be used in large scale. But quality of the oven dried fishes was better. The fish powder remains in good condition for 7-9 months at normal room temperature, but in -l 8°C the powder was in good condition throughout the year. Highest quantity of powder from 1 kg of fish was obtained in case of Corica soborna 25.80% and the lowest 11.72% in Glossogobius giuris. Biochemical analyses of the selected six small fishes (protein, fat, moisture, minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, iron) were done. The maximum calcium content was found as 2.53% in Puntius ticto and minimum was 1.66% in Glossogobius giuris. Maximum phosphorous content was 2.93% in Colisa fasciata and minimum was 1.85% in mixed fishes (Chanda nama, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mo/a, Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenentodon cancila). Maximum iron content was found as 32.00 mg/l00g in mixed fishes and minimum in Puntius ticto as 20.25 mg/l00g. The maximum moisture content was found in Glossogobius giuris (14.28%) and minimum in Corica soborna fishes (12.05%). Maximum protein was found in Glossogobius giuris (73.32%) and minimum in Colisafasciata (57.76%). Maximum fat content was found in Corica soborna (23.63%) and minimum in Eutropiichthyes vacha 1.29%. Different fast-food items such as fish soup, fish cutlet, fish toast, fish burger, fish stick kabab, fish ball noodles, fish parotta, fish papadum, fish pakora were prepared by the six experimental fishes. The consumers' remarks and acceptances towards the taste, flavor and color of different fish fast food items in relation to occupation such as teachers, students, doctors, house wives and others were also observed. The majority of different professionals gave their opinion as good and tasty of all the fast-food products. These included fish soup (45%), fish cutlet (47%), fish toast (46%), fish burger (50%), fish stick kabab (45%), fish ball with noodles (41 %), fish parotta (47%), fish pakora (39%) and fish papadum (39%). The cost of production and profit of the products were assessed. Among all the fast-food products fish burger was of the highest production cost (Tk. 25.00). But on the consumers' remarks basis the highest cost was of fish soup (Tk. 21.5) and the lowest production cost was in fish papadum Tk. 10.50 and Tk. 14.7 in fish cutlet. The present work also gives an information on how to make fishmeal with the head, fin, viscera and other waste parts of the fishes and their utilization.Item Combined Action of Piperonyl Butoxide with Some Insecticides, Against the Lesser Grain Borer Rhylopertha Dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)(University of Rajshahi, 2012) Ferdoush, Mst. Rezwana; Rahman, A. S. M. ShafiqurThe toxicity of four (4) commercially formulated insecticides viz. organophosphate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid and organo carbamate was investigated following residual-film method. 7 days old adults was used in this experiment. The data was recorded after 24 hours of treatment. All tested insecticides showed satisfactory killing ability towards the beetle tested. The insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to adult with LD50 values of 0.0745 (chloropyrifos), 0.7182 (cypermethrin), 1.9997 (imidacloprid) and 3.6513 (carbaryl) respectively. Chloropyrifos was found most toxic and carbaryl was less toxic to adult. The order of toxicity was chloropyrifos > cypermethrin> imidacloprid > carbaryl. Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in combination with all the insecticides tested was also investigated. The synergistic effects were calculated by using co- toxicity coefficient (>100) values. piperonyl butoxide considerably increased the toxicity of all the insecticides except of chloropyrifos. PBO did not produce synergistic effect against the adult. The interaction between insecticides and synergist was analyzed by co-toxicity coefficients and through plotting isoboles of the LD50 values.Item Ecological Characterization of Indigenous Rhizobium Populations in Rajshahi Area(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Nushair, Ali Mohammad; Saha, Ananda Kumar; Rahman, Md. AnisurRhizobium spp. were isolated from root nodules of Green Gram, Black Gram, Lentil, Pigeon Pea, Sweet Pea, Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Bean on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) and their morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied. It was observed that the colonies were circular, light pink, convex, entire and opaque. The bacterium was gram negative, rod shaped, aerobic, non-spore forming and motile. In this study, all isolates were showed hazy appearance in the motility media and also were positive for Catalase, Citrate Utilization Test, Urea Hydrolysis, Congo red test, Nitrification test, Oxidase Test, Triple Sugar Iron Test , Mac Conkey Agar Test and, motility Tests. The samples were found negative for Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskauer (VP), Indole, Starch hydrolysis test, Hydrogen Sulphide production and Hofer’s alkaline test. Utilization of different carbon sources is an effective tool to characterize the isolates. In the present study sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose and mannitol (25 mg Hi-media, India) and 20% solution of glucose, lactose, arabinose and xylose were utilized for this test. All the isolates tested here can ferment sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and produce acid. These carbon sources are generally utilized by bacteria of the genus Rhizohium. Fast growing Rhizobial strains utilized a wider variety of carbohydrates than the slow growing strains. Their ability to metabolize a broad range of carbon substrates may be advantageous for survival in soil. Isolates which were named as Lentil, Cow Pea and Bean can be utilized in all the nine sugar and the produced acid. Green Gram, Black Gram, Pigeon Pea, Sweet Pea, Chick Pea cannot ferment maltose sugar. Besides this isolates from Green gram, Black Gram, Pigeon Pea Sweet Pea and Chick Pea fermented all sugar but Green gram and Black Gram cannot fermented galactose, lactose, arabinose and xylose. Resistance patterns of the isolates to thirteen antibiotics were studied. Screening for antibiotic resistance in our study revealed that most of the strains were resistant to Ampicilin, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid. The generalized sensitivity to Mecillinam, Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, Pefloxacin, Ceftazidime and Tetracycline were found in our study. An optimum growth was observed at room temperature (28ºC to 30ºC). The organisms were found to be temperature sensitive as at higher and lower temperatures, a low growth was observed that might be due to a hindrance in the metabolic activity. pH is an important parameter for the growth of the organism. Best growth of Rhizobium was reported at pH i.e. 7 and very less growth was observed in the medium with pH 5.0 and 9.0. Salt stress may decrease the efficiency of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis by reducing plant growth and photosynthesis, and hence nitrogen demand, by decreasing survival and proliferation of rhizobia in the soil and rhizosphere, or by inhibiting very early symbiotic events, such as chemotaxis and root hair colonization, thus directly interfering with root nodule function. The experiments also showed that the cells were able to grow in 1% NaCl containing medium but unable to grow on higher concentration, showing that the isolate was sensitive to the salt concentration. In general, the phenotypic study isolates showed large physiological and biochemical biodiversity. Indeed, the studied strains showed a variable resistance against stress factors, temperature, pH, salinity, resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals, which allowed the selection of good candidates for genetic studies. Several investigators have studied the genetic diversity of Rhizobium isolated from several countries around the world. However, it needs I6S rDNA sequencing experiment for further identification of the phenotypic species. These experiments will help to know the relationship between the phenotypic and genotypic identification as well as the phylogenetic position of the identified isolates. 16S rRNA sequencing has helped the description of Rhizobium spp. In the studies reported here, the genetic biodiversity of eight represented strains were examined. The genetic study carried out is a quick method that gives a better idea of the diversity of these strains. The 16S rDNA was sequenced to determine the taxonomic position of these strains, and the results revealed that there was a great genetic diversity among the eight rhizobial strains studied. Indeed, sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and subsequent BLASTn analyses indicated that six strains had 95 to 98% and other two bellow similarity with Rhizobium spp. The phylogenetic distances indicate that the relationships among this group and the Agrobacterium species are as distant as those among the genera Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium. This clearly showed that subgroup belonged phylogenetically to the genus Rhizobium. Although the phylogenetic position of subgroup was not found to be distinct from that of other Rhizobium sp. by analysis of the partial 16s rRNA sequences. It was distinguished clearly from the Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. SOY12, Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. SOY7, Rhizobium sp. SOY12 position by the full sequence of its 16S rRNA genes. So it seems that the partial sequencing of 16S rDNA has limited value in determining phylogenetic relationships among rhizobial species. The BLASTn search results for the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolates revealed that the purity and concentration of extracted DNA were performed at 260/280 nm obtained as 1.77 for Green Gram, 1.74 for Black Gram, 1.74 for Lentil 1.77 for Pigeon Pea,1.85 for Sweet Pea,1.77 for chickPea,1.82 for Cow Pea and 1.84 for Bean and concentration as 42.0, 83.9, 28.9, 49.0, 88.5, 68.8, 86.8 and 69.7 ng/µl for Green Gram , Black Gram, lentil, Pigeon Pea Sweet Pea, Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Bean, respectively. Finally the selected eight bacterial isolates were identified up to species as Rhizobium sp. through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. There were eight experimental plants from which eight colonies of Rhizobium were isolated of which five strains showed similarity among them (Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119 ) another two strains were also similar (Rhizobium sp. SOY12 ) and only one(Rhizobium sp. SOY7 ) was different based on the nucleotide sequence. The 16S rDNA sequence reveals that the isolated strains Green Gram , Black Gram, Lentil, Pigeon Pea Sweet Pea, Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Bean are homologous to bacterial strain Rhizobium sp.CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp.CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp.SOY12, Rhizobium sp.CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp.CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. CCNWYC119, Rhizobium sp. SOY7, Rhizobium sp. SOY12 respectively. Also the results obtained in this study show some interesting aspects on the growth effects of Rhizobium inoculation in Green Gram, Black Gram, Lentil, Pigeon Pea Sweet Pea, Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Bean which was grown in pots under controlled environment. The results indicate the successful nature of usage of commercial inoculants of Rhizobia to improve the growth effects of the pulses studied. Successful results by using commercial inocula of Rhizobia were obtained in field grown eight isolates ( Green Gram , Black Gram, Lentil, Pigeon Pea Sweet Pea, Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Bean) showed significant difference between inoculated and control. The no of nodule, fresh weight of nodule, dry weight of nodule, plant height, pod weight and seed weight were taken. Rhizobial inoculation induced significant changes in plant growth characteristics. This study also showed that enhancement of soil fertility along with the yield of legume plants occurred due to nodulation. Soil treated with Rhizobium spp. showed higher values than control regarding total nitrogen and organic matter (%).