PhD Thesis

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Start date: 2000End date: 2009

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    Pesticidal properties of Anacardium occide1ttale L. against Tribolium casta1teum (Hbst.)
    (University of Rajshahi, 2003) Parveen, Shamima Akhter; Khalequzzaman, M.
    Insecticidal properties of Anacardium occidentale L. were investigated. All CHCh and MeOH extracts of leaves, nut-shells, root-bark and stem-bark extracts were tested against Valsa ceratosperma (Tode Ex Fries) and Tribolium ca.\:taneum (Hbst. ). At a dose of I 00 μg/spot on the chromatogram and the CH Ch extract of nutshell, CHCh and MeOH extracts of root-bark and CHCh extract of the stem-bark showed highest activity against the test fungus, whereas CHC'3 extract of leaf and MeOH extract of leaf and nut-shell showed no activity. Both the CHC'3 and MeOH extracts of nut-shells have been found strongly effective against the test insect T. castaneum while tested by topical application metho~. However, the MeOH extract of the root-bark was stronger compared to its chloroform extract. After the nut-shell and the root-bark extract stern-bark extracts were found active but the methanolic extract was less effective in this regard. In case of leaf, MeOH extract was stronger than the CHCL3 extract showing a similarity like the root-bark extract. All the extracts (for both CH Ch and MeOH) of different parts of A. occidentale, viz. leaf, nut-shell, root-bark and stem-bark were subjected to surface film test against 'l'. castaneum adults and no trace of activity for the within the given dose ranges was found.--
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    Integration of Irradiation with Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Management of the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
    (University of Rajshahi, 2007) Sharmeen, Eliza; Islam, Md. Shaiful
    In the thesis, the impact of radiation on successive generations and cytoplasmic incompatibility of Callosobruchus spp. is studied. C. chinensis and C. maculatus are considered as the study insects. Experiments of oviposition preference and mating competitiveness are also conducted. Study showed that C. chinensis collected either from lentil or Bengal gram preferred lentil << Bengal gram < green gram for oviposition. Regarding the adult emergence, their preferred seeds are green gram > > Bengal gram> Lentil. C. maculatus preferred seed according as they collected from. The highest emergences rate is found in green gram. C. maculatus preferred pea for oviposition but the emergence rate is nearer to zero in it. Irradiation is able to increase the development time of egg to adult in successive generations of C. maculatus. The dose 12Gy the maturity time in F5 generation has gone · more than 100 days. In breeding of the progeny of the irradiated parent do not affect the percentage of adult emergence. For C. chinensis the degree CVs decreases as the treated males increased. Further increase of the number of males the CVs would be the same. For C. maculatus the ratio 1: 1: 1 showed the highest competitiveness values for both radiation doses 6Gy and 8Gy. The dose with 8Gy showed the highest competitiveness value. For 6Gy dose the competitiveness values were the maximum for the ratio 1:1:3 and 1:1:4 and the minimum number of values is attained at the ratio 1:1:2. Both in C. chinensis and C. maculatus the regional and reciprocal crosses have
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    Efficacy of Earthworm Against Rheumatic Fever
    (University of Rajshahi, 2006) Rahman, Md. Mijanur; Jahan, Md. Sarwar
    Rheumatic fever is a chronic lethal disease which affects human at the age of 5-22 years. The disease if not managed properly in time it provokes heart diseases or valvular heart diseases after 10-15 years. There is no specific or selected therapy for the treatment or management of Rheumatic fever. Earthworms had been used as the potential source of medicine for treatment of many diseases related to Rheumatic fever effectively from ancient time. Accordingly, it was thought that earthworm tissue might contain certain effective medicinal compounds to cure Rheumatic fever and investigations were performed in vitro (Laboratory test) and in vivo (clinically). First of all, earthworm's extract was obtained from dry powder of one of the most common indigenous species by using successively ten different solvents through continuous hot percolation process for extraction. Diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetic acid, acetone, xylol and morpholine extracted out 2.89±1.23, 3.32±1.36, 16.25±3.15, 4.62±1.73, 0.86±0.29, 0.93±0.36, 1.15±0.49, 1.09±0.46, 0. 76±0.38, and 0.80±0.18 in percent by weight (mg) of the dry powder of earthworm tissue.
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    Bioactive Properties of The Toothbrush Plant, Glycosmis Pentaphylla (Retz.) with Special Reference to Stored Product Pests
    (University of Rajshahi, 2007) Pramanik, Md. Shahidullah; Islam, Md. Nurul
    In the antimicrobial activity test both the antibacterial and antifungal tests offered promising outputs and the results were supported by the results ach'ieved by the previous workers (Rahmani et al., 2004; Greger, 1993) dealt with this plant. In the disc diffusion method the leaf extract gave the inhibition zones 17-, 16-, 16-, 14-, 16-, 20-, 12- and 7 mm for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. lutea, S. - {3-haemolyticus, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while in comparison the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33- 30-, 31-, 35-, 33-, 34- and 31 mm respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones were 14-, 15-, 15-, 11-, 15- , 10- and 10 mm for S. aureus, B. megaterium, S. lutea, S. typhi, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the same for the standard were 31"'., 28-, 30-, 35-, 33-, 34-, and 31 mm for the same test agents respectively. For the stem wood extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 14-, 12-, 10- and 12 mm respectively for B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S.- {3-haemolyticus, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 28-, 33-, 31-, 34- and 31 mm; and for the root extract the inhibition zones were 9-, 9-, 10-, 8- and 7 mm for S. aureu, B. megaterium, S. sonnei, S. boydii and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the inhibition zones for the standard were 31-, 28, 33-, 34- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test agents respectively. Many previous works support this output. Arborinine, and acridone alkaloid obtained from G. pentaphylla, exhibited significant inhibition of crown gall tumors produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in a potato disc bioassay (Quader, et al., 1999). In the antifungal activity tests the leaf extract (chloroform) of G. pentaphyl/a offered promising activity, while the inhibition zones were 20 mm for A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however both of them remained responsive after 48 h with 12 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. For the stem bark extract the inhibition zones 19-, 7-, 17- and 12 mm for A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucorsp. and C. afbicans after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h only the A. fumigatus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans remained responsive to the same with 12-, 13- and 9 mm of inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 32, 28-, 30-and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. The stem wood extract offered inhibition zones 7-, 12-, 10-, 17- and 10 mm after 24 h of exposure against F. vasinfectum,.,A, fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucor sp. and C. albicans, among them only the Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 13 mm of the inhibition zone after 48 h of exposure; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 28-, 30- and 31 mm for the above mentioned test fungi. For the root extract the inhibition zones were 7-, 15- and 12 mm for F. vasinfectum, A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. after 24 h of exposure, however after 48 h the A. fumigatus and Mucor sp. remained responsive to the same with 9 mm of the inhibition zones; while the inhibition zones for the standard were 29-, 32-, 31- and 30 mm for the above mentioned test fungi respectively. The crude extracts showed cytotoxic activity while tested on the brine shrimp nauplii, A. salina. The LC5o values established were 28.579-, 28.659-, 57.213- and 84.111 ppm for leaf, stem bark, stem wood and root (root bark and root wood were not separated) extracts respectively; while the efficacy could be arranged in a descending order Leaf>stem bark> stem wood> root. Findings of Muthukrishnan and his group (Muthukrishnan et al., 1999) resembles with this result, while the addition of 10±4 to 10±5 M the quinazolone of arborine isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. pentaphylla leaf extract to water resulted in 83 to 100% mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larvae.--------