STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF ANAPLASMOSIS AND THEILERIASIS IN CATTLE
Date
2014-06
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR.
Abstract
Tick borne diseases are one of the major impediments in health and
productive performance of cattle in all over the world including Bangladesh.
The diseases cause a serious economic impact through substantial losses
resulting from death and lowered production and working efficiency of the
animals. Therefore, a detailed cross-sectional study was carried out to
investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of Theileriosis and
Anaplasmosis in cattle of Dinajpur district over a period of six months from
January to June 2014. A total of 200 samples were randomly collected from
the cattle. A pretested questionnaire was implemented to collect data on
different risk factors. Blood smears were prepared and examined under
microscope (100x) with Giemsa’s stain. The study revealed proportional
prevalence was 10% for Theileriasis and 18.5% for Anaplasmosis. The
percentages of Theileriasis and Anaplasmosis 12.61% and 22.52% were
higher in female than in male animal 6.74% and 13.48% respectively. In both
cases, female showed higher positivity in compare with male. The univariate
logistic regression analysis revealed cattle with a herd size >10 (OR=4.3),
temperature (> 103°F) (OR=3.27), presence of tick in the body surface
(OR=3.09) and record of Ivermectin treatment (OR=4.47) were found
significantly associated with Theileriasis prevalence (p<0.05) and irregular
bathing history was found significantly associated in the case of anaplasmosis
prevalence (OR=0.23). However, in multivariate analysis, temperature (>
103°F) (OR=2.89), presence of tick in the body surface (OR=2.80) and
animal with a record of Ivermectin treatment (OR=4.24) showed significant
association with Theileriasis and herd size >10, deep brown; white colour and
bathing history were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the
Anaplasmosis. Good husbandry practice and adoption of hygienic measures
are needed among the high risk group or individuals to minimize the spread
of the disease.
Description
Tick borne diseases especially Theileriasis and Anaplasmosis are considered
as one of the most economic constraints to successful cattle industry in
Bangladesh. Direct effects of ticks on their host include tick toxicosis,
metabolic disturbances anaemia and tick worry which can result in production
losses or deaths (O’Kelly and Seifert, 1969). The climatic condition of
Bangladesh is highly favourable for growth and multiplication of tick which
act as natural vectors of Theileria annulata, Theileria mutans and blood
rickettsia such as Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale had been
reported in animals of Bangladesh (Ahmed, 1976; Samad et a.,/ 1984). While
the importance of Theileriasis and Anaplasmosis is widely known, the benefit
of knowing the risk factors associated with prevalence of Theileriasis and
Anaplasmosis needs to be assessed and is considered as essential for
development of a cost-effective and efficient tick borne diseases control
program. Risk factors for Theileriasis and Anaplasmosis in ruminants of
Bangladesh has not been well defined. Some risk factors which have been
cited for Theileriasis and Anaplasmosis infection in certain parts of the
country include sex, age, season, nutrition etc.
Keywords
ANAPLASMOSIS AND THEILERIASIS IN CATTLE, Geographical distribution, Taxonomic classification