CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CITY WASTE WATER AND ITS EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF TOMATO AND MUSTARD
Date
2015-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR.
Abstract
Waste water samples collected from Shyama Shundori of Rangpur City from the
Rangpur Sadar Upazilla, Rangpur and analyzed for its quality and suitability for
agricultural purposes. Analyses included pH, EC, temperature, alkalinity cations
(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+
and K+
), anions (Cl-
, HCO3
-
, PO4
2-
and SO4
2-
) and TDS (total
Dissolved Solids). Several variables such as SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio),
SSP (Soluble Sodium Percentage) and hardness were also computed. The waste
water were found acidic (pH varied from 6.90 to 6.95) and could be suitable for
agricultural and aquatic uses. Waste water samples contained Ca2+, K+
and Na+
as
the dominant cations and HCO3
-
and Cl- were the dominant anions. According to
TDS and SAR value, all samples were classed as „low‟ alkalinity hazard. The
soluble sodium percentage (SSP) of all water was under „excellent‟ and 'good'
classes. All samples were within “very hard” class regarding hardness. Based on
SO4
2-
, Cland PO4
2-
all canal waste water samples were within the 'safe' limit for
irrigation. The negative relationships were recorded among pH-EC, pH-TDS, pHK, and Mn-Kelly‟s ratio demonstrated the negative relation. This reflected a
negatively significant relation between the above conditions. In contrary EC-TDS,
EC-Mg, EC-K, EC-HT, TDS-Mg, TDS-K, TDS-HT, Ca-HT, Mg-K, Mg-HCO3,
Mg-HT, K-HCO3, K-HT, Na-HT and Mn-HCO3 showed that positive relation.
Germination test, shoot and root length of Tomato and Mustard seeds using
different doses of waste water samples were also performed. The highest
germination of tomato and mustard seeds were found 97.6% and 89.6% treated
with 7 ml and 5 ml of waste water sample. Shoot and root length of tomato and
mustard seeds were found 7.20 cm, 6.09 cm using 10 ml and 5.93cm 5.67 cm
also using 10 ml of waste water sample.
Description
Bangladesh is located in a sub-tropical area with an average annual precipitation
less than one third of that of the world. Furthermore, spatial and temporal
distribution of the regional precipitation is not integrated and also these resources
are at greater risk to contamination. Yet few studies related to groundwater quality
and irrigation practices are available for this region. Studies in Bangladesh have
(Hakim et al., 2009; Islam et al., 2010; Jahidul et al., 2010) showed that HCO3
-
,
Na+
, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- were the dominant ions in groundwater collected from
different regions.
Water quality for irrigation is a most important factor for successful crop
production as its quality. There are numerous factors that affect water quality.
Groundwater is the major source of irrigation, although surface water is also used
on limited scale in some rural areas. And, thus, the concentration and
consumption of dissolved constituents in water are on important determinant
concerning its quality. The different ions in varying amounts present in dissolved
forms at toxic levels are generally regarded as water pollutants. The water that
runs off the fields carrier with sediments, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides (if
these chemicals are used on the fields), and natural salts leach out the soil and
flow into rivers, lakes, and ground water supplies, and make water quality low.
Soil properties, crop yield and quality will deteriorate using this low quality water
for irrigation (Sarker et al., 2000; Sarker et al., 2009).
Keywords
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, CITY WASTE WATER, EFFECTS ON GERMINATION, TOMATO AND MUSTARD