Epidemiological Investigation, Prevalence & Antibiogram Study of Potential Zoonotic Bacterial & Fungal Pathogens of Household Pets at Dinajpur District of Bangladesh

Abstract

A cross sectional experimental study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial and fungal pathogen in pet animals (dog, cat and rabbit). The study was done in selected areas of Dinajpur district during the period of July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 79 pet animals 50 (63.29%) dogs; 10 (12.66%) cats and 19 (24.05%) rabbits were observed and samples collected with different socio demographic variable (age, sex, breed, body weight, housing system, diet history, hygienic condition, vaccination and education level of pet owners). The organisms were isolated by using standard microbiological techniques. A total of 404 samples were examined and 7 types of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and 5 types of zoonotic fungal pathogens were isolated in pet animals. The overall prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in dogs out of 250 samples, was 15.2% E.coli; 10.8% Klebsiella spp; 12% Salmonella spp; 8% Proteus spp; 8.8% Pseudomonas spp; 12% Staphylococcus spp; 10.4% Streptococcus spp; 9.2% Candida spp; 11.2% Aspergillus spp; 11.6% Fusarium spp; 4.8% Microsporum spp; and 3.2% Trychophyton spp, respectively. The overall prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in cats out of 40 samples, was 17.5% E.coli; 10% Klebsiella spp; 12.5% Salmonella spp; 10% Proteus spp; 10% Pseudomonas spp; 15% Staphylococcus spp; 15% Streptococcus spp; 15% Candida spp; 10% Aspergillus spp; 20% Fusarium spp; 10% Microsporum spp; and 15% Trychophyton spp, respectively. The overall prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in rabbits was 12.28% E.coli; 7.89% Klebsiella spp; 9.65% Salmonella spp; 4.38% Proteus spp; 1.75% Pseudomonas spp; 6.14% Staphylococcus spp; 6.14% Streptococcus spp; 7.89% Candida spp; 7.89% Aspergillus spp; 6.14% Fusarium spp; and 6.14% Microsporum spp, respectively. The Prevalence of bacterial and fungal zoonotic pathogen between pet animals and housing system, hygienic condition, vaccination were statistically significant (P≤ 0.01). On the other hand the prevalence of bacterial and fungal zoonotic pathogen between pet animals and age, sex, breed, body weight, diet, educational status of pet owners were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). On antibiogram study 18 antibiotics were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Gram negative isolates were more sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Cephalexin, Gentamycin and Kanamycin. On the other hand gram positive isolates were more sensitive to Azithromycin, Levofloxacin, Colistin Gentamycin. The isolates were highly resistant to Amoxycillin Bacitracin Penicillin and Vancomycin.