EFFECTIVENESS OF BOTANICAL OILS IN PROTECTING STORED GREEN GRAM FROM PULSE BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)
Date
2014-12
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR
Abstract
The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Bruchidae: Coleoptera), is a major
pest of economically important leguminous grains. Experiments were conducted to study the
bio-efficacies of different oils against pulse beetle, C. maculatu son green gram, Vigna
radiate L., seeds. The efficacies of six edible and non edible oils viz. neem, castor, rice bran,
olive oil, sunflower and karanja were tested against the attack of C. maculatus in stored green
gram seed to estimate the oviposition, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss.
Compared to control all the tested oils were efficiently checked the oviposition, adult
emergence, seed infestation and weight loss. The result shown significant reduction of
oviposition and completely inhibited adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss by the
oils of castor and karanja at 8 to 6 ml/kg seeds. No adult was emerged when egg bearing
seeds were treated with those oils at 8 ml/kg seeds with 100% inhibition over control.
However, the larvae bearing seeds were treated significantly inhibited the adult emergence
and provided maximum (70.33% and 91.00% respectively) inhibition for castor and karanja
oils over control. No adverse effects on seed germination were shown by all the tested oils up
to three months storage. Consequently, the oils of castor and karanja can be used as a
management way of C. maculatus for protecting green gram seeds in store.
Description
The term “pulse” comes from the Latin word “puls,” which means a thick soup. For the
purposes of this document, the term “pulse crops” will represent green gram. The pulse crop
species are a part of the large plant family known as the Fabaceae or leguminaceae. The
Fabaceae family includes about 600 genera and 13,000 species, making it the third largest
family within the plant kingdom. This family includes cultivated species such as alfalfa,
soybeans, and many edible beans. Pulses are considered environmentally friendly because of
their reduced dependence on fossil fuels. Instead of requiring fertilizer applications, they are
able to obtain much of their nitrogen requirement from the atmosphere by forming a
symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria in the soil. Pulse crops has low crop residues
and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios eliminate the need for burning and make rotating to the
next crop using reduced tillage very easy.
Keywords
Green gram,, management,, oil, C. maculatus,, plant oil