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Item EVALUATION OF FIVE BIO-RATIONAL PESTICIDES AGAINST Bactrocera cucurbitae (COQUILLETT) IN BITTER GOURD FIELD AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON Coccinella septempunctata (L.) IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2023-12) HASNAT, MD. ARIFThe cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett) is one of the most important and devastating insect pests for several cucurbits. Biopesticides are an ecofriendly manner to minimize the infestation caused by insect pests. To evaluate the efficacy of five selected biopesticides viz. Ecomec 1.8 EC (Abamectin), Sunmectin 1.8 EC (Abamectin), Lumectin 10 WDG (Emamectin benzoate and Lufenuron), Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad), Green Meta (Metarhizium anisopliae) and control against cucurbit fruit fly on bitter gourd were studied from January to June 2023 with consecutive three sprays. The experiment was designed with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. The data on the number and weight of healthy and infested fruits and the number of maggots inside the infested fruits were collected. Residual effects on Coccinella septempunctata in the laboratory conditions was also performed. The result showed that all the treatments had different levels of infestation reduction and significantly differed from control. The lowest percent of fruit infestation (16.20%, 10.44% and 10.44%) and the highest percent infestation reduction over control (68.75%, 84.39% and 85.33%) were found when applied Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) after 7 days of 1st, 2nd and 3rd spray, respectively. Spinosad also showed the highest weight of healthy fruits (0.0426, 0.621 and 0.776 kg plot-1) and the lowest percent infestation by weight (11.12, 6.15 and 5.66%) in all the 3 consecutive picking after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spray. The cumulative yield was found the highest (1.832 kg plot-1) with 3.62 times increase over the control when applied Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad). The number of maggots inside the infested fruits was also found the lowest (2.33) in Tracer 45 SC treated plot and the highest (6.67) in the control plot. In the case of residual effect on C. septempunctata in the laboratory conditions, Sunmectin 1.8 EC (Abamectin) had the longest residual effect on adults of C. septempunctata causing 20% mortality at 7 days after treatment (DAT), but low toxicity against fruit fly. However, Green Meta (M. anisopliae) (0.00%) had the shortest residual effect on adults of C. septempunctata followed by Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) at 3 DAT. Therefore, Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) and Green Meta (M. anisopliae) can be used for the management of cucurbit fruit flies for their higher efficacy against fruit fly and lower residual activity against C. septempunctata.Item ANTIMITE ACTIVITY OF Capsicum chinense L. FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2023-12) TITHY, ANIKA RAHMANTwo-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a destructive pest that causes significant damage to vegetables, flowers, fruits and ornamental crops worldwide. The acaricidal, ovicidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Capsicum chinense L. against T. urticae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense was tested at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% concentrations. The result showed that all the concentrations had toxic, ovicidal activity, repellent, and oviposition deterrent effects on T. urticae. With increasing doses and time, the mortality percentage of adults and nymphs (after 24, 48 and 72 h) gradually increased. Extracts at 2.0% concentration showed the highest mortality of adults (80.0%) and nymphs (93.0%) after 72 h exposure. Mortality was greater in nymphs (29.0 – 93.0%) than in adult females (12.0 – 80.0%) when treated with different concentrations. Ovicidal activity (after 7 days) results showed that the lowest egg hatchability was (59.0%) at 2% concentration with the highest corresponding efficacy (37.23%). The LD50 values for adults were 3.39, 2.24 and 0.50 and for nymphs were 1.29, 0.38 and 0.23 after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively whereas for eggs were 5.63 after 7days. The ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense was also found to be effective as a repellent and oviposition deterrence against T. urticae, with the repellency and oviposition deterrent rate increasing with doses and time, and showed a significant effect at the highest concentration (2.0%) in both cases. The oviposition deterrent was shown to be more prominent than the repellent effect. According to the findings, the ethanolic fruit extract of C. chinense has great potential to develop as a bio-acaricide for T. urticae management.Item IMPACT OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda ON MAIZE AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH BIO-INTENSIVE INTEGRATED TACTICS(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2024-06) Kabir, Md. RaihanMaize is an important cereal crop in Bangladesh due to its high demand in the feed industry, human consumption, and starch production. One of the majors inhibits to maize production is fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive and devastating pest of maize in Bangladesh. This study was therefore undertaken to establish the occurrence of fall armyworm and its effect on maize production. In the study “A”, (Chuadanga, Jhenaidah, Kurigram, Nilphamari, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Thakurgaon districts) two treatments were applied viz. T1 = Seed treatment with cyantraniliprole (Fortenza) + alternate spray with SfNPV (Fawligen), emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) and chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) and T2 = Untreated control. The result showed that the maize plant in the treated plots with pesticides gave the highest vegetative growth characteristics, low leaf infestation and highest maize yield than those plots that were left without pesticide treatment (pesticide-free- infested by FAW larvae). However, the treatment showed better results than the control. In the study “B”, (Rajshahi and Dinajpur districts) three treatments were applied viz. T1= Maize intercropped with cowpea, T2= Maize intercropped with coriander T3= Sole maize with recommended spacing (60cm). Several predatory and pollinator insects were observed in the intercropped field. Foliage damage was higher in the mono-crop maize field than in the intercropped field. Cob damage did not vary significantly among the treatments but varied among the locations. Yield contributing characters varied among the treatments, especially locations. Higher yield and economic return were attained from intercropped treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that intercropped with cowpea or coriander suppresses the fall armyworm on maize tolerable, creating an environment for beneficial insects and increase net return.Item LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF Neoseiulus californicus IN THE MONTHS FROM SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER WHILE FEEDING Tetranychus urticae(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2024-06) SULTAN, MD. RIADTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), Koch is regarded as a destructive pest of many crops all over the world and Neoseiulus californicus is one of the most important predators of T. urticae. The aim of this study was to investigate the life history traits of N. californicus in the months of September, October, November and December when fed on T. urticae as prey. The immature development and adult performance of N. californicus were significantly differed during the studied months. Male developmental times were shorter than females in each month. The longest adult female life span, oviposition period and female fecundity observed in December whereas the shortest in September. In sex ratio, utmost number of females (0.73) was counted in October and the lowest (0.64) in December. Survivorship varied from 88.89 to 100% during immature development in October, November and December but all immatures were survived in September. From life table analysis, the highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 33.91) was found in November while the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm = 0.39) and generation time (T=15.30) was estimated the highest in December. The finite rate of increase was found maximum as λ=1.74 whereas the gross reproductive rate was minimum (GRR=29.66) in September. Based on these results, we cautiously expect that the biological traits of N. californicus are effective to control T. urticae.Item BIORATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER Leucinodes orbonalis (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2024-06) HOSSAIN, MD. FORHADBrinjal is one of the most important vegetables but frequently attacked by brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) the major constraint of production. The experiment was conducted during October 2023 to April 2024 in the experimental field of the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur. Potency of four bio-rational insecticides as Cyproflanilide, Azadirachtin, Spinosad and were tested against BSFB in RCBD with three replications. Among the treatments, significantly the highest (71.00) number of healthy shoots were found from the Spinosad treated plots while the lowest (43.00) from the untreated control plots. The lowest (7.67) number of infested shoots were recorded from the Spinosad treated plots but the highest (21.67) were found from the untreated control treatment. Spinosad (T3) treated plots showed the highest reduction (70.94%) of shoot over the untreated control. Similarly, the highest (52.33) number of healthy fruits were found from the Spinosad treated plants while the lowest (19.33) from the untreated control. The lowest number of infested fruits (8.67) were found from the Spinosad treated plants and provided the highest reduction (71.64%) of infested fruits over the untreated control. Spinosad yielded the highest weight of healthy fruits (4.90 kg/plot), but the untreated control had the lowest (2.00 kg/plot). Similarly, Spinosad treated plants had the lowest (0.66 kg/plot) weight of infested fruits, but untreated control exhibited the highest (2.60kg/plot) infested fruits. Therefore, Spinosad (Tracer-45 SC) could be used in protecting the brinjal from BSFB attack conserving bio-safety and food security.Item LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF DERMESTES MACULATUS DE GEER (COLEOPTERA: DERMESTIDAE) FED ON FRESH WATER AND MARINE DRIED FISH AND ITS MANAGEMENT USING EDIBLE BOTANICALS AND MINERAL POWDER(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2023-12) Rahman, Farah UlfatThe hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus De Geer, is a significant pest in dried fish storage worldwide. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different species of dried fish as Ganges river sprat, Gangetic anchovy, Giant sea perch, Bombay duck, Indian oil sardine as foods of D. maculatus on food ability, developing, fecundity, life table parameters and control via edible plant products. The study was conduct of under laboratory conditions at 30±5 ˚C, 80 ±10% R.H. The research investigated diverse aspects of the life cycle and reproductive features of D. maculatus De Geer. The results indicated that the incubation periods of various fish species varied; the Indian oil sardine had the longest observed incubation period (2.62 days), while the Ganges river sprat had the shortest (2.23 days). The larval development periods ranged from 24 to 26.92 days for males and 23.01 to 26.47 days for females. Notably, the Ganges River sprat exhibited the shortest pupal developmental time at 5.61 days, while the Giant Sea Perch presented the longest duration at 6.56 days. Ovipositional periods varied, with Gangetic anchovy (29.87 days) and Indian oil sardine (41.06 days) showing the highest and lowest values, respectively. Furthermore, the study observed variations in egg laying rates and adult longevity across different fish species. Generation time (T) was lowest for Ganges river sprat (51.23 days) while highest for Bombay duck (63.98 days). The net reproductive rate(R0) was highest for Bombay duck (195.13 offspring) but lowest for Ganges river sprat (46.07 offspring). Intrinsic(rm) and finite(λ) rates of natural increase were lowest for Ganges river sprat (0.075 day-1; 1.07 day-1). Population doubling time (DT) was shortest for Indian oil sardine (8.33) while longest for Ganges river sprat (9.27). The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was highest for Bombay duck (213.27) but lowest for Ganges river sprat (69.10). The maximum infestation rate was found in Indian oil sardine (49.67%), while the minimum was found in Giant sea perch (4.53%). Additionally, in a control experiment involving edible botanicals and minerals, Ajwain powder exhibited the highest efficacy in mortality rates for both adult and larval stages of D. maculatus.Item ACARICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF THREE ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) Sanjita; Uddin, Prof. Dr. Md. Nizam; Bhuyain, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mosharof HossainThe contact toxicity and repellent effects of three essential plant oils viz., Swietenia macrophylla (Mahogany), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Eucalyptus) were evaluated against female adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. The selected essential oils were tested at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3% concentration. Mahogany oil (S. macrophylla) was the most toxic essential oil to T. urticae females and eggs, while eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) was the least toxic one (LC50 = 0.887 and 2.146% for adults and 1.230 and 6.980 for eggs), respectively. Leaf discs treated with increasing concentrations of S. macrophylla and E. camaldulensis oils showed a high percentage of repellency (92-100%), respectively. The oviposition deterrent indexes (ODI) of eucalyptus and mahogany oils were ranged (24-100) for T. urticae at a concentration (0.5-3.0%), while this value was between (7-60) in the case of neem oil at the same above concentration. In the persistence test, the mites were exposed to 1, 24, 48 and 72 h old residue and it was found that the lethal concentration effects of the plant oils fade within two or three days. The results suggest that oils of mahogany, neem and eucalyptus can potentially be used to manage T. urticae.Item SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA L. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) UNDER EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES USED IN BEAN PLANTS(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) Ferdousy, Mst. Jannatul; Uddin, Prof. Dr. Md. Nizam; Bachchu, Prof. Dr. Md. Adnan AlCoccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a prevalent ladybird species, feeds on aphids and other arthropods harmful to plants. Although insecticides are commonly used to control various insects, they can harm unintended organisms through lethal and sublethal effects. This study evaluated the physiological selectivity of registered insecticides to safeguard C. septempunctata in the bean field ecosystem. Spiromesifen, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and imidacloprid were tested on eggs, third-instar larvae, pupae, and adults, with water as a control. Spiromesifen exhibited overall safety across all stages, while chlorfenapyr had minimal impact on the predator's biological features, except during the egg and adult stages. On the other hand, deltamethrin emerged as the most harmful across all stages. Lambda-cyhalothrin displayed notable toxicity to larvae and adults, similar to deltamethrin, and also affected other stages. Abamectin exhibited considerable toxicity across all developmental stages, while imidacloprid posed significant toxicity to the egg and larval stages and moderate toxicity to the adult stage. In conclusion, spiromesifen and chlorfenapyr emerged as the least toxic options for C. septempunctata and should be prioritized in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. The severe effects of deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin require further verification in field and greenhouse settings. Further studies at different concentrations and routes of exposure are suggested.Item FIELD EFFICACY OF SOME SELECTED INSECTICIDES AND BIOPESTICIDE AGAINST SUCKING PESTS ON OKRA(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) ROY, KHOKON; Bachchu, Prof. Dr. Md. Adnan Al; Bhuyain, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mosharof HossainOkra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench is a popular vegetable grown in Bangladesh and throughout the cropping season, the crop is vulnerable to many types of sucking pests. A field experiment was conducted in the research field of the Department of Entomology, HSTU, Dinajpur, to evaluate the field efficacy of five selected insecticides and biopesticide against sucking pests on okra during February to June, 2023. The selected insecticides and biopesticide namely imidacloprid (Imitaf 20 SL), acetamiprid (Tundra 20 SP), emamectin benzoate (Emacto 5 WDG), spinosad (Trace 45 SC), lamda-cyhalothrin (Fighter 2.5 EC) were applied at 10 days intervals in the field. The experiment were done with RCB design with three replications and data were recorded on the number of whiteflies, jassids, curled or infested leaves /3 leaves at one day before 3, 7 and 10 days after each spray. The marketable fruits were harvested at 3 days interval and weight of fruits was also recorded. The results showed that the lowest cumulative mean number of whiteflies was found (2.67, 1.33 & 0.77/ 3 leaves) in the treatment of imidacloprid (Imitaf 20SL) after 1st, 2nd and 3rd sprays, respectively. On the other hand, the highest cumulative mean number of whiteflies was found (5.00, 7.56 and 12.88 / 3 leaves) in the control. The highest percent decreased of whiteflies over control was 46.60, 82.41 and 94.02 % observed in the treatment of imidacloprid (Imitaf 20SL) after 1st, 2nd & 3rd sprays. In case of jassid population, the lowest cumulative mean number (1.44, 1.11 and 0.77/3 leaves) of jassids was recorded from the treatment of imidacloprid (Imitaf 20SL), contrarily the highest cumulative mean number (4.11, 7.11 and 5.55 / 3 leaves) of jassids was recorded from the control. Consequently, the highest percent decreased of jassids over control was found 65.00, 84.39 and 86.13 after 1st, 2nd & 3rd sprays when applied imidacloprid (Imitaf 20SL). The cumulative yield was the highest (2.22 kg/ plot) with the highest benefit cost ratio (1.50) was recorded in the treatment of imidacloprid (Imitaf 20 SL). Based on the experiment, it may suggest that okra field can be treated with imidacloprid (Imitaf 20 SL) to reduce the number of population of sucking pests like jassids and whiteflies for better yield.Item SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF THREE DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES ON Hadronotus pubescens (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), AN EGG PARATISITOID OF Riptortus pedestris (HEMIPTERA: ALYDIDAE)(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) MORSHED, MUSTAKIM; Alim, Professor Dr. Md. Abdul; Hossain, Professor Dr. Md. AlamgirRiptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is one of the most damaging insects of leguminous crops in Eastern Asia and has become a new pest in Bangladesh. Hadronotus pubescens (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is one of the active egg parasitoids of R. pedestris available in Bangladesh. Spinosad, pyriproxyfen and pymetrozine+ nitenpyram are commonly used to manage the stink bug populations. In this study, sublethal effects of spinosad, pyriproxyfen and pymetrozine+ nitenpyram were investigated on the parasitized host eggs by H. pubescens at different days after parasitization. At 1, 7 and 15 days after parasitization by H. pubescens, the parasitized eggs were diped in spinosad, pyriproxyfen and pymetrozine+ nitenpyram solution. All of the three insecticides reduced the number of emerged parasitoids, emergence rate, sex ratio and increased the mortality rate as well as development time of both male and female. The maximum number of emerged parasitoids was reduced by spinosad. On the other hand, it reduced the emergence rate by 41.72% and increased the mortality rate by 41.72% at 15 days after parasitization. Pyriproxyfen showed the lowest reduction in emergence rate and lowest increase in mortality rate at 1 day after parasitization. Spinosad reduced the sex ratio of H. pubescens by 0.09 compared to control at 1 day after parasitization. The least reduction was showed by pymetrozine+ nitenpyram in both 1 day and 15 days after parasitization. However, pymetrozine+ nitenpyram showed the maximum increase in development time of both male and female parasitoids at 1 day after parasitization, whereas the minimum increase was also caused by pymetrozine+ nitenpyram at 7 days after parasitization. Therefore, it can be said that, spinosad showed the strongest toxicity and most potential sublethal effect on the H. pubescens egg parasitoid. The sublethal effect of pyriproxyfen was the weakest of all insecticides applied. So, pyriproxyfen can be suggested to use in mung bean and soybean fields as it showed less toxicity and sublethal effect on the host eggs parasitized by H. pubescens.