University of Dhaka

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    16S rRNA sequence based identification of pathogenic gut microbiota of Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) and Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844)
    (University of Dhaka, 2017-01-23) Punom, Nusrat Jahan
    Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), both are tropical, most common, popular and commercially important fish of Bangladesh where pathogenic gastrointestinal bacteria of these fish, indicates the acceptability or quality as a whole the economic status of these fish. Current study was, therefore, carried out to investigate and compare the gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria of these economically important fish of Bangladesh. The experimental fishes were collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka metropolitan city viz. Nobabgonj Bazar, Palashi Bazar and Anando Bazar. In the present study, the gastrointestinal tract of experimental fishes were examined with three replicates. Homogenized samples were then used for bacteriological density enumeration using serial dilution and spread plate techniques with five selective media Luria agar (LA), Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS), Salmonella- Shigella agar (SS), Aeromonas agar, Mannitol Salt agar (MSA), Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) plate to understand Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total Vibrio like colony count, Total Salmonella- Shigella count, Total Aeromonas count, Total Staphylococcal count, Total coliform count. Besides conventional culture techniques, Biochemical as well as molecular techniques (16S rRNA sequencing) were performed for the purpose of isolation and identification of gut microbiota. The study was also investigated the antibiotic susceptibility of 14 antibiotics on selected isolates. On an average, TBC of Rohu samples was 5.27 ± 2.01× 107 cfu/g and in Silver carp was 3.02 ± 1.42 × 107 cfu/g; total Vibrio count from Rohu and Silver carp sample was 1.58 ± 3.51 × 106 cfu/g and 2.38 ± 3.63 × 103 cfu/g, respectively; total Salmonella and Shigella was 6.94 ± 7.15 × 106cfu/g from Rohu and 1.11 ± 0.97 × 106 cfu/g from Silver carp. In Rohu, total Aeromonas was 1.31 ± 1.06 × 107 cfu/g and in Silver carp was 6.09 ± 4.61 × 106 cfu/g; total Staphylococcal count was found 1.03 ± 0.52 × 107 cfu/g in Rohu and 5.48 ± 3.98 × 106 cfu/g in Silver carp. For Rohu sample, enteric bacteria with special reference to coliform count was 1.68 ± 0.981 × 107 cfu/g and for Silver carp was 1.39 ± 2.35 × 107 cfu/g. Bacterial density (TBC, Salmonella-Shigella and Staphylococcal count) showed significant difference between species but among markets no significant difference were observed. All types of load counts exceed the ICMSF acceptable limit. 18 different (9 isolates of Rohu and 9 isolates of Silver carp) colonies were selected based on morphology for biochemical identification tests. Among 18 isolates, 3 were gram positive. From Rohu sample, 2 Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp., 1 Vibrio sp., 1 Proteus sp., 1 Staphylococcus sp., 1 Enterobacter sp. and 1 Klebsiella sp. was provisionally identified. In Silver carp, 1 Vibrio sp., 1 Salmonella sp., 1 Pseudomonas sp., 1 Escherichia sp., 1 Klebsiella sp. and 2 Aeromonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were provisionally identified. 10 representative isolates, named as njp1, njp2, njp3, njp4, njp5, njp6, njp7, njp8, njp9 and njp10 were selected for sequencing by 16S rRNA gene and identified as Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, Proteus penneri , Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas sp., Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to find out the polymorphic sites among the sequenced strains with considering 1341 bp nucleotides where 1.49% dissimilarities were observed among the identified 3 Aeromonas sp. and 3.88% in 2 Pseudomonas sp.All of the 2 group (njp9 and njp10) were absolutely similar in all positions of the sequence to each other except in 3 positions (338, 361 and 1038) were polymorphic. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the taxonomic relations among the identified species. Finally, 6 different group of pathogenic gastrointestinal bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing whereas biochemical assay provisionally identified 9 different group of pathogenic bacteria. The present study also revealed that, all the isolates including reference strain (E. coli DH5α) were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and resistant to Sulphamethoxazole. Findings of this study indicate the poor quality and unhygienic condition of the marketed fish which reflects the potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria causing fish borne disease outbreaks.
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    A bibliometric analysis of diarrhoeal disease in Bangladesh
    (Annals of Library and Infonnation Studies, 2011-06) Khatun, Asma; Ahmed, S.M. Zabed
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    A case study of energy audit in a residential hall of University of Dhaka for Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM)
    (University of Dhaka, 2016-05-05) Monsur, Md. Abul; Nahiyan, Abudllah Al
    The buildings of Fazlul Haque Muslim Hall were selected for a detailed study of electricity consumption that is located in the University of Dhaka in 2015. Living rooms, dining hall with kitchen, provost office, mosque, laundry room, food courts and a canteen compose these buildings. The aim of this thesis is to design the best approach to reduce consumption and achieve a high efficiency of energy utilization in these buildings. The project is going to optimize the system. Series of measurements are taken to achieve the electrical energy losses. The electrical energy losses are calculated through the buildings in the first step. Afterwards, with the result of electrical usage an energy balance is made to calculate the efficiency of the installation through the buildings envelop. It is to study the indoor climate within a building, as well as energy consumption for the entire building. In addition, it is also used to measure the temperature of ventilation systems and check the schedule of air supply. Analyze the result of the value that is measured. Improve some part of these buildings that reduce the electrical energy consumption. At last to give some recommendations like identification of heat leakages at different points e.g. at faulty door and windows to reduce electrical energy loss and also identifying various obstacles in natural ventilation system of building, which eventually reduce the room temperature and make it comfortable.
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    A CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX OF BENGALI MANUSCRIPTS
    (© University of Dhaka, 2025-12-18) Sultana, Shaheen; Khan, Md. Azizur Rahman; Akter, Taslima
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    A code for cataloguing and indexing Bangladeshi Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist names
    (©University of Dhaka, 2023-05-23) Islam, K. M. Saiful
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    A Comparative Analysis between Rural and Urban Students’ Performance in Speaking English at the SSC level in Bangladesh
    (© University of Dhaka, 2026-03-04) Akter, Fatema
    English has achieved the status of most learned and studied language in the world. In Bangladesh, English is taught as a subject from primary to higher secondary level and the objective of the curriculum in secondary level is to develop learners’ communicative competence. Among the four skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing), speaking is one of the most fundamental skills for achieving communicative competence. The development of learners’ speaking skill is influenced by several factors. This study aims at finding out the institutional, socio-economic, affective and linguistic factors that impact the development of speaking skill at the SSC level in Bangladesh. Besides, it makes a comparative analysis between rural and urban students’ performance in speaking English as well as determines the reasons behind the difference in speaking performance. The study was conducted in mixed method approach by following convergent parallel design. The data were collected from 10 ELT classroom, 200 students and 20 teachers of secondary schools in Noakhali district and Dhaka city. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires, speaking test, semi-structured interview and classroom observation checklist. The quantitative data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel, SPSS 25 Version, and AMOS 26. Besides, simple statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage have been employed throughout the study. The qualitative data was analyzed using both content analysis and thematic analysis approach. The findings from the data analysis reveal that though socio-economic, affective and linguistic factors have influence in the development of speaking skill, institutional factors play the most influential role in developing learners’ English speaking skill at the SSC level in Bangladesh. Besides, the findings also affirm that the urban students do better than the rural ones in speaking performance. The main reasons of the difference between rural and urban students’ speaking performance are differences in teachers' qualification, training, and English language proficiency; learners' own linguistic knowledge and psychological issues; parents' education and income; and institutional facilities. The study concludes with some recommendations for the teachers, students, administrators and parents considering the findings of the study and some suggestions for further studies based on the limitations and findings of the study.
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    A comparative analysis of bacterial flora and proximate composition of mud crab (Scylla serrata,Forsskal 1775) collected from different local markets of Dhaka city
    (University of Dhaka, 2015-01-18) Karim, Farhana
    The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of bacterial flora and proximate composition of mud crab (Scylla serrata) meat from the local markets (Mohakhali, Karwan bazar, Farmgate, Basabo and Agora super shop) of Dhaka city. The densities (cfu/g) of total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), total Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. (SS), total E. coli, total Staphylococcusspp. and total Vibriospp. like colonies were counted. Moisture, ash, protein and lipid contents were also determined for the samples of each market. TC, FC, SS, E. coil, and Vibrio spp. were detected in most of the samples except the frozen ones from Agora super shop. The samples from Basabo and Karwan bazar had much higher bacterial load than the others. The highest TBC counts were observed in the samples from Karwan bazar (38.1 ± 1.20 x104cfu/g) and the lowest were from Agora super shop (4.48 ± 0.26 x104cfu/g). The total Vibriospp. counts were found only in two markets; Farmgate and Basabo. The total E. coli countsranged from 1.25± 0.02 x104cfu/gto 4.33± 0.56x104cfu/g. The Salmonella, Shigella (SS) counts variedbetween3.95± 0.28 x104cfu/g for Karwan bazarand 16.76±1.26x104cfu/g for Basabo.Total Staphylococcus spp. counts ranged between 14.4± 1.1 x104cfu/gand 20.01± 1.94 x104cfu/g for normal crab samples and 0.37±0.025x104cfu/g for frozen samples. A total of 47 isolates were recovered from the samples and 10 generawere identified asBacillus,Citrobacter,Alcaligens,Salmonella,Shigella,Vibrio,Escherichia,Klebsiella,Staphylococcus and Enterobacter. Nearly similar nutritional compositions were found in the live crab samples. Whereas,much lower moisture content with higher ash, protein and lipid contents were observed in frozen samples. The results of this study showed that the bacterial load was significantly higher in live crab samples than the frozen ones which arevery useful to evaluate the safety of mud crab for human consumption.Consumption of normal crabs from above mentioned markets can lead to food borne diseases of human, whether the frozen samples can be considered as much safer. This study also revealed that mud crabs can be an alternative source of protein (excluding the bacterial hazards) to the traditional protein sources as its protein content is high.
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    A comparative study of redundancy and Distinctiveness in Bangla and English
    (©University of Dhaka, 2023-01-16) Karmaker, Protiva Rani
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    A comparative study of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) banking services in Bangladesh and Canada
    (University of Dhaka, 2019-03-31) Bhuiyan, Md. Tabarak Hossain
    Economy is the key feature to measure the country’s position or condition in terms of its progress and prosperity. The economy of a country is dominated significantly by its own Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in almost all the developed and developing countries around the world. SMEs covered more than 95 percent of enterprises across the world, accounting for around 60 percent of private sector employment. On the basis of economic structure of the countries, the SMEs contribute around 50 percent of global gross value added and from 16 percent to around 80 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Increasing their funding efficiency and service provided by the banks or financial institutions offer considerable value for SMEs themselves as well as economies. Worldwide the SMEs are considered as accelerated tools for economic growth. In the European Union, SMEs employ almost 90 million people, generate about 1.1 million new jobs per year and contribute almost 30 percent of GDP, worth USD 5.5 trillion. SMEs also drive revolution. They carry out nearly more than half of R&D in some OECD countries. Great deals of R&D activities are concentrated in the services sector and Canada's activity in non-technological advance is reflected in the trademark data. SMEs also play a vital role in R&D. This study focuses on the association and variability of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of deferent parameters between two countries Bangladesh and Canada. Specifically, it examines the impact of banking services on SMEs between two deferent economies. It looks at the financial enabling environment for SMEs and provides conclusions and recommendations for change. To improve the precision of the judgments in this research, methodological triangulation strategy, which mixes both qualitative and quantitative approaches, was employed. At the same time, data-source triangulation was applied to decrease the effect of potential biases. The study is divided into six (06) distinct chapters. First chapter contains the economic status of the countries, SME definition and SME development policies. In second chapter, methodology of the study is explained. Literature review is placed in the third chapter. Fourth chapter explains the role of SME, problems of SME and eligibility criteria for SME loan in Bangladesh and Canada. Chapter five is the core chapter in our study. Fifth chapter is divided into two parts (Part-1 and Part-2) for two countries. Part-1 contains the deferent numerical analysis for Bangladesh and part-2 contains the numerical analysis for Canada. Discussion and conclusion are placed in the last chapter.
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    A Comparative Study of Some Plays by Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg- A Reinterpretation of Gender Issues
    (©University of Dhaka, 2023-04-17) Siddiqee, Md. Mahbub
    The study aims at reinterpreting gender issues through a comparative study of the plays by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) and Swedish playwright August Strindberg (1849-1912). It goes through the similarities and dissimilarities of their plays; different ‘ism’s used in their plays have been discussed as well. Necessary definitions have been provided as per requirement. Moreover, the study tries to view their plays from some unconventional points of view. For example, Henrik Ibsen’s plays are commonly regarded as the mouthpiece of Women’s Rights Movements, and those are used to spread feminism’s standpoints worldwide. This research tries to check the authenticity of such claims. On the other hand, August Strindberg is infamous for his so called ‘misogynistic’ writings. The study investigates into the credibility of such conventional blaming. Mainly, two plays by each of the playwrights have been chosen to conduct the comparative study. The plays are: Ghosts (1881) and The Lady from the Sea (1888) by Henrik Ibsen, and The Father (1887) and Creditors (1888) by August Strindberg. Besides, references have been taken relevantly from some of their other plays. The study gives notable attention to ‘Female Power’ that comes frequently at Ibsen and Strindberg’s plays. Above all, with the help of different arguments, discussions and references, the study tries to set newer points of view to evaluate Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg and gender issues.