Comilla University Academic Repository

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 138

A Study on Determinants of workers’ Remittance Inflow in Bangladesh
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Debbarman, Shantanu; Dey, Sucheta
Remittance inflows of workers to their country of birth is one of the most influential factors contributing to the economic growth of developing countries. Remittance has a significant impact on the economic growth of Bangladesh. In also a vital source of foreign exchange earnings for Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the determinants of worker’s remittance in Bangladesh using time series data from 1976 to 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test checks the stationarity of data.
Bangladesh Police Battling the COVID-19:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Mahfuj, Numan
The global pandemic COVID-19 embraces the whole economy and social settings of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the COVID-19 incidence was creeping gradually though the government had taken many preventive measures including social distancing, quarantine, and locked down to control COVID-19 spread. In the battle of existence and combat against the invincible enemy, Bangladesh police is regarded as the frontline warrior. Though Bangladesh police is blamed for various issues but in this pandemic, they played a catalytic role by performing their duties as’ Altruistic police’ effectively towards achieving citizen’s trust. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance, work dynamics and challenges of Bangladesh police during the pandemic situation. Hence, a qualitative research including in-depth interview of twelve police personnel were carried out to visualize the contribution of Bangladesh police through challenges at current situation.
Explosion of Social Media during the Pandemic of COVID-19:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Hossain, Md. Belal; Rahman, Kazi Sonia
The present study aims to explain how people in Bangladesh, especially students and professionals, have used social media and how it has influenced them during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 342 respondents participated from the seven divisions of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was surveyed through purposive sampling techniques and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A 25-item tool for collecting responses on different aspects of social media usage during the pandemic times was administered to observe the role of social media usage, including demographic factors, a trend of usage, intentions of usage, and its influences were recorded. The key findings showed that during the COVD-19 pandemic crisis there was a flow of social media use such as 82 percent of respondents used only Facebook, another 60 percent of respondents used various social media to get updated coronavirus news across the country. On the other hand, almost 58 percent of respondents received fake news through social media during the COVID-19 era. The study results confirmed that there was a significant impact of using social media that conscious the citizens positively about the COVID-19 pandemic during the lockdown period. Finally, the study can be confirmed that the effective usage of the internet and social media has been played a significant role to keep peoples protected and engaged in a positive mindset during the lockdown imposed by the government of Bangladesh. This study also offers new directions for future studies of using social media effectively.
ICT and its Economic Growth in SAARC Countries Impact on
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Majumder, Shapan Chandra; Miah, Md. Mamun
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of ICT on economic growth In SAARC countries. It used ARDK technique to analyze the data which range from 2001 to 2018.The result extracted from the ARDL model shows that mobile cellular subscriptions are positively significant to economic growth in the long run in five SAARC member countries. The result also shows the elasticity of economic growth with respect to mobile cellular subscription is about 0.09 suggesting that if total mobile cellular subscription goes up by1 percent on average, the economic growth speed up by about 0.09 percent. Beside that labor and investment are positively and significantly integrated with economic growth in the SAARC countries in the long run. The error correction term (ECT) IS -0.270229 implying that the speed of adjustment to the correction disequilibrium to reaching long- term equilibrium is 27%. For ensuring economic growth and development of the region, respective authorities and policymakers should increase investment in technology related infrastructure.
‘Migrant’ or ‘Refugee’?
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Rahman, Md. Mizanur
This article put forward a single argument, which is, the distinction between ‘migrant’ and ‘refugee’ is a very straightforward one and fail to count the complexity around the migration process. Combined with the pieces of literature and the life history of my brother, I question the rigid differentiation between ‘migrant’ and ‘refugee’ as these categorical definitions play a crucial role to include or exclude people from the rights and protection provided by the states. My main purpose in this article is to illustrate the fact that ‘migrants’ can also go through the experiences similar to the refugees depending on the contexts and the situation S/he exposed, and ‘refugee’ is not also a fixed category as it can change for the people in certain situation. To explain this position I provided the case of my younger brother who went through both experiences of being a ‘migrant’ and being a ‘refugee’. In the end, I argue for extensive ethnographic and empirical research engagement to reveal how these categorical definitions exclude people who do not fall under the existing legal framework for ‘refugee’ from the rights and protections offered by the states, hence failed to consider the complex process of migration and other issues, such as the serious right violation in the origin country.
Exploring Cultural Belife and Practices Assciated with Maternal Health Care :
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Chodhury, N.M. Rabiul Awal; Haque, Mohammad Ainul; Nasrin, Shamema
Maternal health issues have always been a key concern of any health care system. Though historically healthcare system of Bangladesh are mostly focused on mother and child health, but still this concern require more attention because of its connections with diverse socio-cultural affairs. Various cultural beliefs and practices may affect Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery, and postnatal care (PNC) service. This study demonstrated an in-depth of people’s cultural beliefs, attitude, and practices towards pregnant women’s association with maternal health care among middle-class Bengal families in a semi-urban area ( Salmanpur in Cumilla city) of Bangladesh. Reviewing relevant articles and collecting primary data through nineteen (19) in-depth interviews with pregnant women and newborn mother, their husbands, mother-in-law, and community health workers, investigation on the concern issues were completed in the mentioned study area. Along with delivery restriction, food taboos, movement and mobility restrictions, traditional approach to treatment, women shifting to parental from in-law’s home were revealed as a customary practices. These beliefs and practices are proven as a bottleneck I n receiving and continuing the comprehensive maternal health related services. Success of future pertinent interventions in ensuring maternal healthcare, further discovery of related cultural beliefs and practices are important and their consideration are imperative.
Public Relations in public sector of Bangladesh :
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) paul, Jillur Rahaman
In Bangladesh. Public Relations (PR) is an essential part of public sector offices. Its ultimate goal is to build trustworthy relationship with different stakeholders like general people, organizations, business entities and others, which leads to increase productivity and client’s satisfaction. The study attempted to review the roles, reality and challenges of PR in Bangladesh through content analysis and observation methods. It was found that in the country, PR activities are commonly maintained by public Relations officer (PRO). Findings indicated that since the government has been trying to play people’s friendly pro-active role by reaching with its services to the doorsteps, the PR roles have become more diversified. But reality is that PR role in the country is not dynamic in public sector rather it is still static. Some challenges such as lack of recognized code of conducts and ethics, absentia of PR role in policy level, lack of career path, not recognized as specialized profession and lack of research and training were identified. It is suggested that due attention, career path formulation. Proper training, logistics etc. could be ensured in PR profession which are ultimately necessary in the perspectives of’ Digital Bangladesh’ and ‘sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs).
Reintegration Scenario of Home Returned Migrant Workers:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Hasan, Md. Mehedi
Remittance is the second largest earning source for Bangladesh economy after RMG export. In 2015.according to Bangladesh Bank the net worth of remittance inflow was 15,270.99 million USD and later years it started to fall down until 2018 record level of remittance inflow worth of 15,544.68 million USD. Whatever the reasons may stand behind this ups and downs in remittance inflow, but this is also caused by increasing rate of home returned migrants. No one can deny, the contributions of these home returned migrants, but unfortunately, the reintegration scenario of these home returned migrants never got enough concern to anyone. this article shades light on this reintegration scenario of home returned migrants in cumilla district, one of the top concentrated migrant areas in Bangladesh. This article focuses on the demographic information, abroad working period, earned skills in abroad, causes of home returning, present works of home returned migrants, present savings, present working problems, entrepreneurial trend and experience of migrations of home returned migrants of cumilla district. The findings of this paper can help the government to implement policies and roles towards mixed cultural worked experienced home returned migrants and their reintegration process in a planned manner.
Population Growth vs Consumption Growth:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2020) Bhuiyan, Shehreen Amin; Abedin, Minhazul
Environmental degradation is no more a myth, and the consequences are being felt everywhere. We are inconsiderably killing wildlife, polluting the air, cutting down trees, exploiting the soil, spilling toxic waste in the ocean and in return, we are calling it economic growth. It is a crucial topic in discussion amongst ecologist, biologists and environmentalists who rather failed to get an ear from the politicians, industrialists, and global political leaders. With the world population gradually heading towards a standstill, it will eventually come down to governments and their control over the consumption fetishism of its population, however big or small that might be. The unfolding calamity demands a rigorous reformative response. The article realizes that, between population growth and consumption growth, there has to be a neat balance of optimal population growth for younger human resource who will contribute to development, while at the same, an appropriate development strategy to reduce CO2 emission through an environment friendly green energy policy. The power sector is a significant source and an inevitable requirement for development; hence it cannot be omitted from the picture, neither can the necessity of a healthy and self-sustaining environment. Keywords: Population Growth, CO2 consumption, energy sector, green energy Introduction. Environmental degradation is no more a myth, and the consequences are being felt everywhere. We are inconsiderably killing wildlife, polluting the air, cutting down trees, exploiting the soil, spilling toxic waste in the ocean and in return, we are calling it economic growth. It is a crucial topic in discussion amongst ecologist, biologists and environmentalists who rather failed to get an ear from the politicians, industrialists, and global political leaders. While this chaos took the better of us with not a second to spare, a viral disease trapped us all inside our houses, where we are left to ponder what triggered it? One might recall what Malthus in his infamous proposition, predicted that.
Shifting focus from the economice growth of Bangladesh during the past tow decades
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2021) Rana, Md. Sohel; Azmeit, Khaleda
: In the economic growth of any country force participation play the key roles. The study deals the with the effects of labour force participation in the economic development of Bangladesh, where annual time series data of 1990-2016 has been utilized. We used some recent drveloped econometric methodologies such as unit root and co-integration test, Granger Causality test, Error Correction Modeling decompositions, and impulse response function approach to justify our findings adequately. The key findings explored in this study is that there were significantly positive association between labour force participation and economic growth in Bangladesh during the time span. Since economic growth and labour force showed positive inclination so for long lasting economic development policy makers should take initiatives for producing skilled labour personnel in every sectors.
Macro-Economic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Liquidity:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2021) Hoque, Md. Amdadul; Jahan, Fahmida Israt
The objectives of this study are to explore macroeconomic and bank-specific variables that influence the liquidity positions of Islamic banks in Bangladesh. For the empirical analysis, secondary data was collected form the different banks financial statements, World Bank and Bangladesh bank publications spanning 2009-2020.The panel data ware analysed using a random effect regression model. The study,s findings showed that bank size CAR, ROA ,DEP, and INF are statistically significant drivers of Islamic banks, liquidity in Bangladesh Among the bank-specific factors, bank size ROA, and DEP were shown to have a substantial adverse effect on liquidity, but CAR, was discovered to have a strong negative influence on the liquidity position of Islamic bank in Bangladesh. The growth rate of GDP has an insignificant positive impact on liquidity. The study suggests that bank to manage the excessive liquidity crisis.
Farmer’s perception and Agricultural Adaption Strategies to climate change : a study on coastal area of Feni District, Bangladesh.
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2021) Saha, Priyanka; Islam, Md. Shamimul; Akter, Ayesha
Climate change has become the most pressing issue for Bangladesh’s coastal districts over the few years. Climate change has a substantial effect on agricultural industries. As a result, adaptation is the primary policy for alleviating the destructive effects of climate change. This study will demonstrate farmer’s observations of climate change and their adaptation techniques, and the elements that determine their adaptation decisions. The investigation was conducted in sonagazi Upazila, Feni district’s sole coastline location . Four unions were chosen for data gathering because they were connected to the Bay of Bengal. 315 individuals were interviewed and a semi –structured questionnaire was used to acquire data .Descriptive statistics were used to ascertain public observations of climate change and adaptation alternatives. The factors influencing the farmer’s decision to adopt an adaptations strategy were analyzed using a Binary Logistic model. The study demonstrates that sonagazi farmers employ a diversity of adaptation tactics responding to climate change. Crop variety, mulching mixed cropping, crop rotation, tree planting, and irrigation efficiency are some of these measures. farming experience and from binary logistic model, it is cleared that only farming experience and education level of the farmers have positive influence on adaptation, tree planting ,and irrigation efficiency are some of these measures . From binary Logistic model, it is cleared that only farming experience and education level of the farmers have positive influence on adaptation decisions.
From Myth to Reality:
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2021) Haque, Mohammad Ainul
Apart from having religious significance, the goddess durga and the rituals surrounding her have great social and cultural importance among the Bengali Hindu community of Bangladesh. Drawing on oral interviews and published materials, this paper examines how the myth of druga works in various social discourses carrying distinctive social and culture meanings within the Bengali Hindu community. It also explores the social and cultural significance of various ritualistic performances surrounding durga, along with considering the changing trends in those ritualistic performances, which indicate the different social and cultural positions of durga in contemporary Bengali society. The research is informed by qualitative methodologies, folklore scholarship, discourse analysis and performance study.
Exploring Constraints for willingness-to join to Community- Based Health Insurance Scheme Perceived by Rural Households of Gaibandha District in Bangladesh
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2021) Sultana, Most, Sabiha; Kamal Uddin, Kazi Mohammed
Due to the lack of necessary public funding and the absence of health insurance the low- income rural people of Bangladesh have no protection against catastrophic health expenditures. May policymakers recommended introducing self- financed healthcare service schemes, such as community-based health insurance scheme (CBHI) for ensuring health security, which could be a new source of financing apart from tax revenue. Hence, the CBHI scheme can populations. To explore the demand of the households for the CBH I scheme in the study area together with exploring the reasons for not joining the scheme. It is believed that this study will help policymakers to assess the WTJ and to identify the constraints for not joining the scheme of the rural households in Bangladesh .Thus, 10 (Ten) reasons had been identified that were the barriers for WTJ to scheme .The Relative Importance Index (RII) method had used describe the relative importance of the specific causes and effects based on the reasons for unwillingness to join the CBHI Scheme by using the Liker scale of five categories. In the study, about 90.1% of respondents expressed their WTJ thought inexperienced with 97.1% for the CBHI scheme. On the other hand, 9.9% were unwilling join the scheme, and the majority of households of them explored their financial inability as the barrier to WTJ the scheme. Besides according to RII method, Government will provide all types of healthcare services free of cost, had considered the most important reason, and Lack of trust in the management of the fund had considered the least important reason for the unwillingness of joining to CBHI scheme .To ensure financial protection , it is very necessary to improve communication, coordination, and partnerships between nongovernment organizations, donors, and government stakeholder involved in CBHI , were recommended.
Profitability of the Public and the Private Sector Banking in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2023) Ahsan Ullah, Mohammad
The main objective of the study is to analyze the profitability of the public and the private sector banking in Bangladesh. To manage both the public and the private banking efficiently, profitability is urgently needed to have due attention. It always remains at the center point of all the banking activities in particular and the overall economic development of a country as a whole. Data are presented in the forms of tables, percentages, ratios etc. and statistical techniques like mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Coefficient of Variance (CV), Annual Growth Rate (AGR), Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR) etc. are also used in the study. It is found in the study that the public sector banking is required to be improved in the areas of managerial efficiency and customer services side by side of maintaining the present trends of social banking for being profitable in the competitive world. The private banking is required to be ensured in the areas of societal banking like branch expansion to the rural areas, services to priority sector, reduction of disparity among the regions etc. along with sustaining the present trends of profitability.
Teachers' Intentions of Using Mobile Applications in Teaching Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Insights from Public and Private Universities in Bangladesh
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2023) Md. Maqbul, Hassain; Abdulla Al-Towfiq, Hasan
The purpose of this study is to explore teachers' intentions of using teaching through mobile applications in post Covid-19 context among public and private universities in Bangladesh. 389 usable responses are analyzed by using subsequent Partial Least Structural equation model (PLS-SEM) of version Smart PLSJ.3.3. The study reveals that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived emotional benefits, and post Covid-19 attitude significantly influence teachers' intentions of using the teaching mobile applications in post Covid-19 context among some public and private universities in Bangladesh. Further, this study has identified that post Covid-19 attitude moderates on the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived emotional benefits and intentions to use teaching mobile applications. This study uniquely contributes to technology adoption literature, integrating perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived emotional benefits in explaining the intentions of using teaching mobile applications in post Covid-19 context among public and private universities in Bangladesh.
An Empirical Test of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory: The Case of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2023) Farhana, Akter; Tandra, Mondal
This study empirically tested Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) in the Dhaka Stock Exchange [DSE) using five macroeconomic variables namely money supply, index of industrial production, crude oil price, remittance, and foreign exchange reserves. Monthly data from January 2013 to June 2021 was employed in the empirical analysis. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Granger causality test. The long-run ARDL results indicate that none of the selected macroeconomic variables have statistically significant influence on stock return in the long term. Except for remittances, the other four variables are positively related to the stock return of DSE. The divergence of remittance may be attributed to its predominant allocation toward household consumption, land acquisition and other non-equity investments. In the short run, money supply and crude oil price have significant and positive impact on stock return while the other variables have insignificant effects. The study suggests that 118% of the disequilibrium in the return of DSE is adjusted monthly to get back to the long-run equilibrium. The Granger causality test result revealed a bi-directional causality between stock return and money supply and a unidirectional causality running from industrial production index, crude oil price, and remittances to stock return while another unidirectional causality running from the stock return to foreign exchange reserves. Overall, the findings of the results suggest that APT is valid in the DSE in the short run but not applicable in the long run.
Impact of Training and Development on Employee Productivity in the Readymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh: The Mediating Role of Training Motivation
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2023) Md Mahbub, Alam
This study aims to investigate the relationship between training and development initiatives and employee productivity within the context of the Bangladeshi readymade garments industry, with a specific focus on the mediating role of training motivation. A quantitative approach was adopted to collect and analyze data for this study. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires distributed among employees working in various roles within readymade garments factories across Bangladesh. The questionnaire included measures of training and development practices, employee productivity, and training motivation. Data were collected from 400 respondents through stratified random sampling. Were collected data was analyzed through SPSS 23 and Smart PLS 4. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between training and development initiatives and employee productivity in the readymade garments industry of Bangladesh. Furthermore, training motivation emerged as a key mediating factor in this relationship. Employees who exhibited higher levels of motivation towards training activities demonstrated increased engagement, knowledge acquisition, and skill enhancement, ultimately leading to enhance productivity levels. The qualitative findings corroborated these quantitative results, providing nuanced insights into the specific training practices and motivational factors that influence employee productivity in this industry. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the relationship between training and development, employee productivity, and training motivation within the context of the Bangladeshi readymade garments industry. These findings have practical implications for the RMG sector, offering insights into strategies for improving workforce productivity through targeted training and motivational initiatives.
Does Capital Structure Matter for Firm Performance? A Study on Listed Companies
(Comilla University, 1-Dec-2023) Brishti, Chakraborty; Syeda Nabila, Naz Moon
This study examines the impact of capital structure on a company’s performance in the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh. The data is based on all listed companies in the public and private sectors. The required data was gathered from related financial statements of the concerned industry from 2014 to 2021. We used the Two-Stage Least squares (2SLS) to find out the correlation between independent variables and dependent variables. Here, ROA [Return On Assets), EPS [Earnings Per Share), and NPM (Net Profit Margin) are used to measure firms’performance. The ratios of the long-term debt ratio, total debt ratio and short-term debt ratio are considered the determinants of capital structure. Findings revealed that the short-term debt ratio is positively and significantly related to ROA and EPS, but negatively associated with NPM. In contrast, the Long-Term Debt Ratio (LTDR) has a significant negative impact on EPS. Control variable Firm Size (FS) consistently showed a significant positive infiuence on ROA and EPS, indicating that larger companies outperform smaller ones. More dependence on short-term debt positively affects profitability, while higher dependence on long-term debt can lessen it. This research supports original insights by covering manufacturing sectors which remain uncovered in the research area. The 2SLS regression addresses endogeneity and confirms more consistent outcomes. Moreover, this study offers a robust and context-specific analysis of a developing economy, utilizing firm-level panel data and a range of performance measures. The result will help in retaining an optimal capital structure, which will ultimately direct stockholders to wealth maximization.
A Time-Nonlocal Optimization Approach for Image classification
(Comilla University, 1-Feb-2025) Das, Hridoy Chandra; Hafsa, Akter
Image classification remains a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence, with applications