MS Theses - Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Business Studies

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF MANIPURI AND KHASIA ETHNIC COMMUNITY IN NORTH EASTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH
(Dept. of Agricultural Statistics, 2016-12) PAL, NONDAN
The aim of the study is to measure the socio-economic status of the Manipuri and Khasia community and the determinants of the socio-economic status of the Manipur and Khasia community. The study analyzed a total of 113 (82 Manipuri & 31 khasia) respondents from Manipuri and Khasia community purposively from Sylhet district. The information was recorded in a pre-structured questionnaire. A multidimensional self developed Socio-Economic Index was constructed by the composition of various factors was used to measure the socio-economic status of the Manipuri and Khasia community. To determine the predictor of Socio-Economic Status, Simple descriptive analysis, Cross tabulation, Chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis have been adopted systematically. Socio economic index revealed that 42.68% of the Manipuri respondents were having good socio economic status while only 3.23% of the Khasia respondents were having good socio economic status. With the help of binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that Family Type, Monthly Family Expenditure, and Contraceptive Use were the predictors of Socio-Economic Status for Manipuri community and only Contraceptive Use was the predictor of Socio-Economic Status for Khasia community. The study suggests that socio economic condition of the ethnic community can be improved by ensuring the use of contraceptive. The study also recommends for building consciousness among the ethnic community about the benefit of contraceptive use.
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF BANANA PRODUCTION BY THE BANGLADESH KRISHI BANK BENEFICIARIES IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF SYLHET DISTRICT
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) SAMADDER, ANUSREE
The present study is an attempt to examine the socioeconomic status of banana growers, adequacy, utilization and repayment of credit, the profitability of banana production under the Bangladesh Krishi bank loan in the study area. For these purposes, primary data were collected from 60 borrowers of the bank in selected area of Fenchuganj Upazila, who were randomly selected. Both tabular and econometric techniques were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of this study revealed that the respondents were educated and most of them were of the active age group of 41 years to above because they were conscious of the importance of education. In the case of the main occupation of banana farmer 40%, 30%, 21.67%, 5% and 6.67% were involved in business, agriculture, service, teacher and others, respectively. Most of the respondents were within medium family size in the study area. The borrowers’ saving position was more satisfactory in the study area because of good earning capability. The average amount of annual savings of all the respondent’s family, in general, was Tk. 4,62,554 during the study period. The adequacy of the loan was satisfactory. Borrowers were found to be acquainted about purposive utilization of loan money. Most of the credit amount (92.64 percent) was utilized for farming purposes. Status shows that repayment was fully satisfactory (100 percent). Multiple regression models indicate that amount of loan received, savings, age, and return from production were significant factors affecting of loan repayment. It was estimated that average annual total cost of production of banana was Tk. 240371 per acre, while gross return and net returns were Tk. 331221 per acre and Tk. 90850 per acre respectively. The benefit-cost ratio of banana cultivation was 1.38 indicating that one taka investment resulted in a net benefit of Tk. 0.38. Finally, the study identified some major problems of banana cultivation such as insufficiency of credit, the high price of inputs, lack of human labor, lack of quality sucker, lack of storage facilities etc. according to survey questionnaires answer. The credit of Bangladesh Krishi Bank benefited the credit receivers in respect of increasing income and social status. The respondents suggested some measures overcome the difficulties so that it might be more effective to bringing favorable impacts among the borrowers of the study area. The determinations of the study will generate basic economic data on the production practices of banana. The study will be helpful to the planners and policy makers in contriving micro or macro level policy for the increasing of banana production in the country.
AUTO RICE MILLING IN SYLHET CITY CORPORATION – A PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) RAJU, RAJIB DAS
The study examines the profitability of auto rice milling, adequacy, utilization and repayment of credit taken by the millers in Sylhet City Corporation. Total sample size of the study was 30 in which small auto rice mills were 10, medium were 10 and 10 were the larger mills. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The Study revealed that highest proportion (36.67 percent) of the respondents belonged to age group of above 55 years with education of HSC level (43.33 percent) and average family size was the highest for medium auto rice millers (5.20). Dependency ratios for all sized of rice mill owners were found to be 3.12 which mean every one person is bearing responsibility of living of more than 3 persons. Auto rice milling was the single main occupation for all the respondents irrespective of rice mill categories. Among the categories of auto rice milling, medium auto rice millers were in the higher ranked for annual savings (9.75 percent). All cost, return, and BCR were positively related with size for all types of mill that indicates auto rice milling is a profitable business in the study area. The amount of credit received was the highest for the large mills followed by medium and smaller mills. Highest cost for getting loan was incurred for the cost of credit and major part of the loan was utilized for reported purposes. Status of repayment of loan for medium auto rice mills was 72.44 percent and large auto rice mills was 71.65 percent while it was 65.42 percent for smaller mills. Repayment performance of the borrowers was not fully satisfactory but small and large borrowers were in most disadvantageous position in terms of repayment capacity. The study concluded that auto rice milling is profitable in the study area. The study recommended that in the study area, public and private banks should enhance facilities and be liberalized in sanctioning loan to the auto rice millers.
ECONOMICS OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF SYLHET DISTRICT
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) BEGUM, MST. MUNNI
The present study is aimed to assess the availability, utilization, repayment performance and profitability of potato in some selected areas of sylhet district. A total of 50 loanee farmers were selected from different villages of Fenchugong Upazila in Sylhet district. Tabular method and cob- Douglas production function model were used to achieve the major objectives of the study. The study revealed that potato cultivation was a profitable business. It was found that the average per hectare potato production for small, medium and large farmers were 16804 kg, 17543 kg and18291kg. The study showed that net return per hectare was in small, medium and large tk.68832, 89682 and 117980 respectively. The net return was the highest for large farms (tk. 117980) followed by medium (tk. 89682) and small (tk. 68832) farms. The findings of the study clearly indicate that the loanee farmers having large farm holding obtained higher profit followed by medium and small farmers. The result of cob-Douglas production function model indicates that per hectares gross returns were significantly influenced by the use of human labor, seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, insecticides and manure. These factors were directly or indirectly responsible for influencing per hectares gross returns of potato. The study indicates that BKB has greater contribution as findings agency to potato production than other institutional sources of credit. But it is clear that the potato growers got credit as a part of operating capital which was not sufficient to them. Most of the loaned money has been utilized productively by the sampled farmers. Amount of loan, income, expenditure of the borrower and return from potato were the significant factors affecting loan repayment by the respondents. The study also indicated that farmers were facing some problems. Major problems were non-availability of quality seeds and high price, low market price of potatoes, shortage of human labor in due time, lack of storage facilities, high prices of fertilizer and insecticides etc. The farmers opined that potato production will be economically viable through quality seeds need to be confirmed with affordable price, attention should be paid for ensuring marketing facilities with standard price of potatoes, storage facilities should be secured, fertilizer and insecticides has to be ascertained for farmers with reasonable price etc.
EFFECT OF CREDIT ON GDP AND POVERTY: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) ROY, TANNI
ABSTRACT In Bangladesh, credit can play a very important role in achieving expected economic growth. This research has been conducted to investigate the disbursement of credit status, impact of credit on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Agricultural GDP, and poverty reduction in Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives of this research Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA and Bangladesh Krishi Bank were selected. Because, these three NGOs are the largest credit organizations in Bangladesh and Bangladesh Krishi Bank (BKB) is the largest government agricultural loan distributor in Bangladesh. Data on loan disbursement amount, number of member, number of village covered and number of branch were collected from the above NGOs and GOs. Total 39 years data on GDP, Agricultural GDP and poverty trend were collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). Descriptive statistics were used to investigate the overview of credit trend, GDP, Agriculture GDP and poverty trend. After necessary testing, fixed effect model was performed to evaluate the impact of credit on GDP, Agricultural GDP and poverty reduction. Result shows that amount of credit has positive and significant effects on GDP, Agricultural GDP and loan amount is negatively associated with poverty. An increase in the number of branches of different area leads to an increase in the number of member, which then corresponds to an increase in the loan disbursement amount. It can be concluded that government and NGO‘s credit should be expanded for increasing GDP and reducing poverty.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SME LOAN PROVIDED BY BDBL AT SYLHET CITY CORPORATION AREA IN BANGLADESH
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) NADIRUJJAMAN, MD.
This study was concerned with the effectiveness of SME loan of BDBL at Sylhet city corporation area in Bangladesh. Socioeconomics studies, adequacy, utilization and repayment of credit, profitability of SMEs and effectiveness of loan among the borrowers constituted the objective of the study. Sixty SME borrowers of the bank were randomly selected in which 20 were from each of tailoring, handy crafts and petty business. Both tabular and econometric techniques were used to analyze the collected data. The study revealed that the respondents were capable of keeping small family size and maximum of them were of active age group being conscious about negative effect of population growth. The literacy rate was found to be more or less satisfactory in the area compared to the present literacy condition of the country. SME business was main occupation for most of the borrowers, also some of them partially depended on remittance and some other occupations in the study area. The petty business owner‟s income, expenditure and saving position was more satisfactory compared to other SMEs in the study area because of good earning ability. It was also found that value of financial asset constitutes the highest for petty business. The adequacy and time requirement for getting loan were satisfactory in the present context of Bangladesh which reflected BDBL‟s urge and sincerity to work in favor of small and medium entrepreneurs of the country. There identified six components of cost to obtain loan from the bank and petty business‟s cost was the largest while it was the lowest for tailoring because of different factors. SME borrowers were found to be conscious about purposive utilization of loan money and their repayment performance was highly satisfactory. Family income, loan amount, purposive utilization of loan and profit from SMEs were the most significant factors for repayment of loan. All the SMEs under BDBL were profitable but petty business was more profitable than others in study area. Considering all SMEs together, effectiveness of SME loan on family income was ranked the highest in the study area according to borrowers‟ perception, as well as family expenditure was also risen after getting loan from BDBL.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE NORMS OF MANIPURI AND KHASIA COMMUNITY IN BANGLADESH
(Dept. of Agricultural Statistics, 2016-12) AKTER, SHARMIN
The study is an attempt to examine the reproductive norms of Manipuri and Khasia community in Bangladesh A sample of 113 (82 Manipuri & 31 Khasia) ever-married 15-49 aged ethnic female were selected purposively from Sylhet district. The information was recorded in a prestructured questionnaire. Simple descriptive analysis, Cross tabulation, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for analyzing data. The current use of contraception was much higher (68%) among the Manipuri women than that from National level (62%) but the khasis current contraception was lower (58%) with respect to both National level and Manipuri women. In bi-variate analysis the chi-square test revealed five factors i.e., having children or not, number of children, Electronic devices, each outcome pregnancies from the very first and age at first marriage were significantly associated with the dependent variable contraceptive use. A binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the influence of different demographic and socio-economic characteristics on contraceptive use. Among all the important independent variables only one independent variable had significant effects on contraceptive use. Because these ethnic groups are highly motivated to keep the family size small from generation to generation as whether a respondent is literate or illiterate, rich or poor or in any other aspects. Finally, this study suggested some policy recommendations but among them specifically emphasized the active roles of their representative leaders for the development of their reproductive norms along with their socio-economic conditions.
Foreign Remittances and household welfare in seleted areas of sylhet region in Bangladesh
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) Ahmed, Md. Rashid
This research examines the utilization pattern of foreign remittances, its impact on household welfare and channels of receiving foreign remittances in selected areas of Sylhet region in Bangladesh mainly based on the primary data collected from 8 villages of Osmani Nagar Upazila of Sylhet District and Sadar Upazila of Moulvibazar District under Sylhet division. The size of sample was 104 taking 52 remittance receiving households from each Upazila by applying random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study exhibits that about 31 and 30 percent of emigrant worked as a restaurant waiter or cook in different Bangladeshi restaurant located abroad specially in the United Kingdom among low and middle income groups respectively whereas in high income group, most of the emigrant workers (26.32 percent) were involved in business. A significant number of remittance receiving households possessed agricultural land but they had been transforming their profession from farming to business. Foreign remittances were the prime source of household income and the household members were mainly dependent on it for their livelihood. The study ascertained that about 21 percent of foreign remittances were spent for purchasing food. A remarkable portion (18.20 percent) was spent for consumable and durable goods and a slightly lower portion (16.01 percent) for housing and land improvements. The remittance receiving households were also spent a small portion (9.78 percent) for investment and savings and only 5.58 percent of foreign remittances was spent for education. The results of statistical test and econometric techniques examined that inflow of foreign remittances made positive and significant changes on housing condition, sources of drinking water and sanitation facilities, household accessories, education and health status of household members, household economic condition and household expenditure. Money transfer agencies were found to be the most efficient channel of receiving foreign remittances. A significant amount was also received through the bank account. Mobile banking as a channel of receiving foreign remittances is now getting popularity among the households for its easy, convenient and fastest transaction. In a nutshell, the study revealed that foreign remittances had positive and significant impact on household welfare. Therefore, in the light of this study, the government can adopt proper policies to export more manpower after providing skilled training and create more job opportunities in different countries of the world in order to bring more welfare at household and community level in Bangladesh.
IMPACT OF BRAC MICROCREDIT AMONG WOMEN BENEFICIARIES IN SELECTED AREAS OF SYLHET DISTRICT
(Dept. of Agricultural Finance and Banking, 2016-06) ROY, PRIYA
The present study dealt with the impact of microcredit among women beneficiaries in selected areas of Sylhet district. Socio-economic studies, adequacy, utilization, repayment and cost of credit, profitability of selected enterprises and impact of credit among the women beneficiaries constituted the objective of the study. 60 women beneficiaries of the microcredit were randomly selected from Tuker Bazar and Tultikor union of Sylhet district in which 20 were from each of petty business, poultry farming and tailoring. Both tabular and econometric techniques were used to analyze the collected data. Findings revealed that the respondents were capable of keeping small family size and maximum of them were of active age group. In the case of literacy status primary education was highest (46.67%) and no illiterate respondents were found among beneficiaries under the study area. Primary occupation for most of the borrowers was housewife in the also some of them depended on some other non-agricultural activities. Poultry farming owners held the highest position in family income, expenditure and saving followed by petty business and tailoring enterprise because of good earning ability. The adequacy of microcredit was 80.49% which reflected BRAC’s easy and friendly lending procedure for the selected enterprises. Four cost items were identified to obtain loan from BRAC and total transaction cost of poultry farming enterprise was the largest (Tk. 197.22) while it was the lowest for (Tk. 173.71) tailoring enterprise because of different factors. But effective cost of credit was highest for petty business and lowest for poultry farming. Borrowers were found having positive attitudes towards productive credit use as maximum of the borrowed money was utilized purposively by the respondents. Purposive utilization of loan money and their repayment performance was fully satisfactory. The repayment performance was 98.13%. Family income, loan amount, and profit from enterprises were the most significant factors for repayment of loan. All the enterprises under BRAC were profitable but Poultry farming ranked the highest securing position in both BCR and net return followed by tailoring and petty business in study area. After joining BRAC there was a remarkable improvement in the living standard of the respondents households. Considering all enterprises together, impact of microcredit on family income was ranked the highest according to borrower’s perception and family expenditure was also increased after getting microcredit from BRAC. It may, therefore, be inferred that BRAC led to increase family income and socio-economic status of the women borrowers in general. The study reveals that participation of women in microcredit programs is positively related and is a significant indicator of their level of empowerment. Thus, it can be concluded that development of women in Bangladesh can be significantly improved by encouraging them to participate in microcredit programs of BRAC