Dept. of Genetics & Animal Breeding

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A STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF COBB 500 BROILER PARENT STOCK IN CP (CHAROEN POKPHAND) POULTRY FARM IN RANGPUR-2, DINAJPUR
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2014-01) Sayeed, Md. Abu
The study was conducted in a renowned poultry farm CP (Charoen Pokphand) Bangladesh, Rangpur-2, Bormochari, Dinajpur from 24th November to 20th December, 2013. The objective of the study was to compare the care, management & production performance like the body weight gain, egg production percentage and hatchability percentage of egg of Cobb 500 broiler parent stock in the existing management system of CP Bangladesh Rangpur-2, with the recommended care, management, production performance according to the “Cobb 500 Breeder Management Guide”. The result of the study reveals that the average observed weekly body weight gain and recommended body weight gain of Cobb 500 female at 21weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks, of age were 3110gm vs 3105gm, 3390gm vs 3385gm, 3615gm vs 3615gm respectively. The average observed weekly body weight gain and recommended body weight gain of Cobb 500 male at 21weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks of age were gm 3320vs 3250gm , 3990gm vs 3960gm , 4250gm vs 4180gm respectively. The average observed weekly egg production percentage and recommended egg production percentage of Cobb 500 at 24weeks, 28 weeks; 32 weeks of age were 3%vs 5%, 75%vs78%, 83%vs83% respectively. The average observed weekly hatching egg production percentage of egg and recommended hatching egg production percentage of egg of Cobb 500 at 24weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks of age were 70%vs 72%, 85%vs84%, 88.9%vs88% respectively. From the analysis of data it can be said that there are very insignificant amount of differences between the observed data and recommended data .Therefore it may be inferred that Cobb 500 performed well under the existing management system.
A comparative study on production parameters of cattle on small holdings in hill and plain region of Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2017-12) Chakma, Progayan
An observational study was carried out to compare production parameters of cattle on smallholding in hill and plain land of Bangladesh, Data was collected from smallholder cattle farmers of three upazilas- Khagrachari (68 cattle), Pirojpur (79 cattle), Matlob (86 cattle). The result revealed that average herd size was 4 cattle both in hill tract and plain land. In hill tracts there were 7.5 indigenous cattle against 1 cross bred cattle whereas in plain lands the ratio was 0.69 indigenous cattle: 1 cross bred cattle. Mean birth weight of calf in hill and plain land was 10.20kg and 11.40kg, respectively (P=0.0469). Mean body condition score was 3.2 in hill tract and 3.09 in plain land (P=0.0236). The mean daily milk yield was significantly (P=0.0001) higher in plain land (4.97 liter) compared to hill tract (2.39 liter). Average lactation length in hill tract and plain area was 6.9 months and 7.6 months respectively. Mean lactation yield was significantly (P=0.0003) higher in plain lands (795.93 liter) than that of hill tract (2.98.08 liter). Milk production of indigenous cattle and cross bred cattle of hill tract was 1.5 liter and 6.5 liter, respectively. On the other hand, milk production in plain land from indigenous cattle and cross bred cattle was 2.5 liter and 7.5 liter respectively. The production parameters for cattle on smallholdings were better in plain land compared to hill tract.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF COBB 500 BROILER PARENT STOCK WITH THE RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT IN PROGRESSIVE HATCHERY & POULTRY FARM
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2016-11) Chakraborty, Prabal
A study was carried out on overall management of Cobb 500 broiler breeder parent stock to know their bio-security, housing pattern, brooding, feeding, vaccination, hatchery management. All sorts of activities practiced in Progressive hatcheries and poultry farm, from 09th August to 30 August, 2016. Progressive hatcheries had 7800 parent stock for day old chick production. The birds were provided with identical care & management like feeding, watering, ventilation, lighting, vaccination & disease control program. Results shows that bio-security were well maintained, housing pattern were environmentally controlled where slat cum litter systems were followed with rice husk as a litter material. The average body weight gain at starter stage (one month), grower stage (2-5 month), pre-breeder stage (6 month) and breeder stage (7th month - end) of Cobb-500 female birds was 351.25 gm, 2015.50 gm, 2767.00 gm and 3248.00 gm respectively. Similarly in Cobb-500 male birds it was 396.25 gm, 2698.00 gm, 3434.50 gm and 3850.00 gm respectively. The average observed weekly egg production percentage and recommended egg production percentage of Cobb 500 at 24weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks of age were 2%vs 5% ,67%vs76%, 83%vs83% respectively . The average observed weekly hatchability percentage of egg and recommended hatchability percentage of egg of Cobb 500 at 24weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks of age were 72% vs 74%, 86% vs 84%, 88% vs 90% respectively. The above mentioned result revealed that there are very insignificant amount of differences between the observed outcome and recommended result. Therefore it may be inferred that Cobb 500 performed well under the existing management system.
A Comparative study on the productive and reproductive performances of crossbreed cattle on commercial dairy farms in Karnaphuli Upazila, Chattogram, Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 2022-09) Das, Arpita
The study was conducted to evaluate and compare some productive and reproductive performances of different crossbreed cattle reared in the different dairy farms of Karnaphuli upazila, Chattogram. A total of 107 cows belonging to different breeds such as Holstein Friesian cross (HF cross), Jersey cross, Sahiwal cross, Sindhi cross, Brahman cross, Haryana, and Gir were selected, and their information regarding productive parameters like body weight, birth weight and daily milk yield and other reproductive parameters like parity, days open, service per conception were collected from the farms. Results showed that the mean daily milk yield of HF cross, Jersey cross, and Sahiwal cross were 12.57±0.13, 12.37±0.88, 07.67±0.33, respectively, and in second to third parity, it was the highest. According to the farm, the overall mean body weight was 398.84±7.20. Based on breed, the mean birth weight of HF cross, Jersey cross, Sahiwal cross and Brahman cross were 28.28±0.31, 29.00±1.00, 28.66±0.67 and 30.00±0.00, respectively. Based on breed, the mean days open of HF cross, Jersey cross, Sahiwal cross and Haryana were 75.00±2.04, 82.50±14.36, 60.00±0.00 and 90.00±0.00, respectively and based on parity, the first parity showed the highest (82.50±5.12). Based on breed, the mean service per conception of HF cross, Jersey cross, Sahiwal cross and Brahman cross were 2.53±0.53, 2.75±0.25, 2.33±0.33 and 2.50±0.50, respectively, and in the case of parity in first, second, third and fourth parity were 2.50±0.13, 2.57±0.07, 2.46±0.09 and 2.33±0.67 respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that Holstein Friesian crossbred cows are more suitable for profitable dairy farming in Bangladesh.
A demographic study on extends of knowledge and awareness about zoonotic diseases among livestock owners, workers and butchers in Moheshkhali upzilla, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-10) Sahibunnesa, Ummey
Zoonotic diseases that cause effective health and financial impact in the fastest growing economic countries such as Bangladesh. In the livestock sector, zoonotic diseases are prevalent and livestock servicers are in the high risk of zoonotic diseases. This study aims to measures the knowledge and awareness of zoonotic diseases among the livestock owners, workers and butchers of the targeted area. A total 45 respondents (where farm owners n=6, workers n=25 and butchers n=14) were selected from this area. A semi structured questionnaire-based interviews were conducted that create into three index-demographic information, knowledge and awareness. Majority of livestock workers were participated (55.55%). The maximum levels of other variables are-age in 30-40 years (55.55%), educational qualification in under SSC (55.55%), the time of experience in 5 to 10 years (53.33%), duration of working in above 6 hours (62.22%). Among the farm owners, the knowledge of zoonotic diseases is educational level in HSC (83.33%), knowledge about diseases (83.33%) and farming experiences in 5 to 10 years (66.67%). In case of workers, the knowledge of zoonotic diseases includes educational level in under SSC (72%), knowledge about diseases (48%) and farming experiences in 5 to 10 years (52%). Among the butchers, the knowledge of zoonotic diseases is educational level in under SSC (64.29 %), knowledge about diseases (21.43%) and farming experiences in 5 to 10 years (64.29 %). The awareness practices among the farm owners, workers and butchers were 72.22%, 60% and 38.093%, respectively. The percentages of being vaccinated of owners, workers and butchers were 66.67%, 24% and 14.29%, respectively. The results emphasize the need for developing effective hygienic training programs, educational companions in the rural area among targeted population, training use of modern technology and hygienic measure especially among the butchers in the means of prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.
A Production Report on Broiler Farm Management, Broiler’s Live Weight Gain and Income from Broiler at Banshkhali Upazilla, Chattogram
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 2020-06) dev, Jony
A study on commercial broiler farming were carried out in a poultry farm in Banskhali upazila under Chattogram district from 1 February, 2020 to 12 February 2020, to know of the live weight and live weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCR), and profitability of broiler farming. In addition broiler management of this studied farm was also investigated. The average feed intake, body weight gain and FCR of the flock (500) are 2730.7 gm/bird, 1431.87gm/bird and 1:1.9 respectively. The cost per bird and profit per bird are 173.2 tk and 15.35tk, respectively. It could be seen that the body weight of Cobb-500 was achieved at the profitable state through proper care and management of broiler rearing.
A Production Report on Raising of Broiler Farm, Broiler’s Live Weight, Gain and Income in Hathazari Upazilla, Chattogram
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 2020-09) Ahad, Abdullah Al
A production report on Turkey farming: Problems and prospects in Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-09) Mia, Selim
Turkey is a newly introduced poultry species in Bangladesh. Its popularity is increasing gradually because of gamey flavor of meat with lower fat content. So, it may have high potential for production and marketing in Bangladesh. However, there is scanty study conducted previously regarding turkey production in Bangladesh. Therefore, Present study was done to know the rearing system, management practice, problems and prospects of turkey farming in Bangladesh. The observation was taken of status of farmers, source of technical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system, floor space , feeder space, waterer space, turkey marketing age, weight, price of turkey. Most of the turkey farmer rear turkey in small scale semi-intensive system (50%) was generally practiced by the rural farmers. They have very little idea about breed and variety of turkey and prevention of diseases of turkey. But farmer have very little knowledge about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to feed their turkey according to broiler and layer feeding manual. So, research needed to improve the status of turkey.
A Production Report on: Feeding management and body weight of spotted deer in captive condition at Chattogram zoo
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Khulshi, Chattagram-4225, Bangladesh, 2021-04) Golam Azam, Mohammad
The study was conducted to know the feeding management, and live weight of spotteddeer, in captive condition, at Chattogram zoo from 24th February to 2nd November, 2021. Information were collected from two groups of spotted deer consisting of 04 Buck in one group and 5 Doe.The experimental study was carried out emphasizing on the feeding management and live weight of spotted deer in captive condition at Chattogram zoo. The average body weight that are found from this study was 4.15kg at birth in male and 3.86 in female, respectively. The average adult body weight was 77 kg and 67 kg in male and female spotted deer, respectively.The deer was fed with the green roughages and concentrated mix. Supplied feeds and metabolic energy were calculated and the values were 8.16 kg/deer/day and 15.138 MJ/deer/day, respectively.
A PRODUCTION REPORT PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (DVM)
(2011-01) Rahaman, Azizur
This study aimed to assess the effects of feed types and feeding programs change on Cobb 500 broiler breeder productive efficiency under controlled housing system at Proshika Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Satkania, Chittagong. Cobb 500 breeders Breeder growth performance, egg production and egg weight were evaluated. It was found that the body weight of both male and female birds were very close to the standard after feeding corn and wheat based diet. However, the mortality (%) was observed below the standard. The hen house egg production was also very close to the standard
A REPORT ON Farm Management and Weight of Different Body Parts of Zending Ducks under Different Farming Conditions
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences Universiy, KHULSHI, CHITTAGONG-4225., 2013-02) Talukder, Bibhas
This study was conducted to study the management of duck farming and meat performance of Zending duck. Farm management data, of Zending ducks was collected. The housing, breeding, feeding and proper health care is important for duck farming. The live weight of Zending ducks was 1528 to 1610 g and dressing percentage was 59% to 61% of Zending duck in two farms, respectively. Weight of different external & internal offals and their percentage in respect of live weight was estimated and it was found that the offals are positively correlated with live weight.
A Report on Egg Production Performance of Anower Poultry Farm at Delduar, Tangail PRODUCTION
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-08) Mamun, Md. Abdullah Al
Nowadays commercial layer chicken farming is one of the profitable business in Bangladesh to fulfil the demand of animal protein supplement. The present study was carried out at Anower poultry farm in Tangail district during September to October, 2019 to observe the overall management practices of that Hisex Brown layer farm. For this, egg production and management related data were collected, analyzed and compared with the standard level. The average feed intake per day was 120 gm at all age group, while their average weight gain were 1.85 kg, 1.85 kg, 1.90 kg and 1.90 kg at the age of 39th, 40th, 41st and 42nd week; respectively. The mortality rates were 0.036%, 0.071%, 0.089% and 0.089% at the age of 39th, 40th, 41st and 42nd week; respectively. The overall management practices i.e. housing, light management, feed and water management and heat stress management was little bit close to the standard level.
A REPORT ON PREPARETION OF LIVER EXTRACT AND STUDY THE BEEF PRODUCTION AT DINAZPUR DISTRICT
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2014-01) Roy, Saptomee
The study was conducted at Sador Thana of Dinazpur district and at Animal Nutrition laboratory to know the situation of beef production and prepare the liver extract. Nowadays cattle fattening is well recognized system of beef production in Bangladesh. Beef production contributes about 2.95% GDP in the economy of Bangladesh. For beef fattening farmers use traditional feeding such as green grasses vegetable byproducts and sometimes supply nutritional supplements such as urea treated straw. Pasture grazing or feedlot farming is used in some areas. In some commercial farms weaning is maintained properly. Some farmers maintained special dietary supplement in their farm for beef fattening in a short time. Liver extract is the processed beef liver which is the vital component of liver tonic. For that reason farmers use liver tonic which is prepared by liver extract
A REPORT ON STUDY ON BLACK BENGAL GOAT’S MANAGEMENT AND MILK YIELD
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, 2014-01) hossain, Farhana
This study was conducted to investigate the management practices and milk yield of Black Bengal goats under different farms at Sadar Thana of Pabna District of Bangladesh during the period of October, 2013 to November, 2013. The farms were visited several times to know their daily activities and management. The kids were kept separately from their mother from overnight. In morning their weight was taken before milk feeding. Then they were allowed to suck their dam. After completing the milk feeding kids were weighted again. The amount of milk yield in a day was calculated between the differences of weight of kid after milk feeding and weight of kid before milk feeding. Data were collected from 12 female Black Bengal goats with their subsequent milk yield at weekly intervals. The 12 female Black Bengal goats were selected. The milk yield of Black Bengal goat’s breeds under 3 different farms was studied. The average milk yield of farm 1, 2 and 3 are 225  10.29, 214.22  9.83 and 214.06  8.04 respectively. The average milk yield of Data collected date are 172.5 9.46 to 280.42  16.45 for the time of 1 to 8 respectively. In this study it has been seen that the milk yield is more in that farm which have good management facilities and somewhat lower production in that farm which have less management facilities
A Study on Backyard Chicken Rearing System at Sherpur Sadar,
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Khulshi, Chattagram-4225, 2022-08) Islam Evan, Eftakharul
The present study was accomplished to investigate the backyard chicken rearing system at Sherpur Sadar Upazilla, Sherpur, from 17 February 2021 to 16 May 2021. Total number of farms were 28 which were selected randomly based on the availability of chicken. Data was collected through a pre-structured questionnaire. The study was aimed at observing the present status of backyard chicken farming. In this present study we found that most of the farmers are middle aged and among them 90% were females. No distinct patterns of breeds were found at the study areas where most (66%) of the farmers reared nondescriptive deshi breeds. In Sherpur Upazilla, majority of the farmers were medium producer where rest were low (34%) and high producers (18%). The results also showed that each household consumed between 6 and 10 chickens on average. Most farmers used a scavenging strategy to raise their chickens. Farmers added an additional 40gm to 50gm of feed per bird per day. The highest percentage was 1000-1500gm of adult-weight chicken. Every household's chicken produced a sizable number of eggs. Newcastle disease (25%), Infectious laryngotracheitis (17%), and Mycoplasmosis (15%) were the most prevalent diseases in chickens. Most of the farmers (87%) failed to immunize their flocks. The products are mainly sold in native market by local farmers. The cost to sell of one egg was Tk. 10 to Tk. 12 and for an adult chicken, it ranged from Tk. 350 to Tk. 400. The backyard chicken rearing system in study area is revealed as a source of income for the rural and marginal people of the rural areas.
A study on backyard goat farming in Bagatipara Upazilla, Natore, Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2021-11) Toufiq Shanto, Md. Nur-A
The study was undertaken to investigate the performance of goats and livelihood generated through backyard goat rearing at nine different villages namely Pacuria, Batikamari, Taltola, Bagatipara, Dayarampur, Boropukuria, Sonapur, Misripara, Tunipara under the Bagatipara Upazilla in Natore District, Bangladesh from March to May 2021. The data uses a pre-configured questionnaire containing information on livestock, age, sexual maturity, litter size, weight, gestation period, housing system, grazing, breeding objectives, vaccination and deworming history and production record. The average weight of males and females was 12.36 kg and 20.35 kg, respectively. The number of litters of goats was 2 to 3 and the lactation period was 64.5 days. The average milk yield of goats was 33.9 kg per lactation period, while the average milk yield per goat per day was 0.570kg. A few numbers of farmers (25%) used vaccination and practiced de-worming (75%) their goats. All goats were reared by the semi-intensive system. In the winter season, they provided bedding materials usually straw at night. Farmers used green grass (100%) and supplied water by using a deep tube well. Most of the farmers provided to goat concentrate feed about (200-300) grams per day. The housing, feeding and breeding were maintained in most of the farms, but the healthcare and biosecurity were not up to the mark.
A STUDY ON BACKYARD PIGEON FARMING SYSTEM IN LOHAGARA AND CHANDANAISH UPAZILLA AT CHATTOGRAM DISTRICT: A PRODUCTION REPORT
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2021-11) Paul, Piyal
A survey was conducted to investigate backyard pigeon farming system in Amirabadh, Paulpara under Lohagara upazilla and Kulaldenga under Chandanaish upazilla at Chattogram district. The survey was carried out by using a pre-tested interview schedule to study the present economic benefits, problems and prospects of backyard pigeon farming in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Ten pigeon farmers were interviewed for the collection of data from different region of selected area. Total number of pigeons was 100. After survey, a data analysis was performed and an average value for every parameter was determined. The housing cost is 205.64 taka/pigeon. The quantity of feed supplied to each pigeon per day is 37.18 gram. The monthly feed cost for per pigeon is 42 taka. The average production of squab from pair of pigeon is 16 or 8 pair yearly. The calculated marketing age of squab is 30.3 days. The average price of per squab is found 179.78 taka. A farmer can earn yearly 1765.26 taka profit from a pair of pigeons according to this report. Majority of the pigeon farmers rear pigeon in small scale scavenging system with supplementary feeding. They have less idea about proper vaccination, medication, feeding, breed and variety of pigeon and prevention of diseases. Due to delicacy and taste, the squab meat is very popular among the people both in rural and urban areas. By providing training to farmers, pigeon farming can be increased. As well as introduction of meat breeds with good flock size, balanced feed and vaccination need to be ensured for improving production, income, yearly profit and employment opportunity.
A Study on Behavioral and Welfare Analysis of Tiger in captivity at Chattogram Zoo
(A production Report submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, CHITTAGONG VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, KHULSHI, CHITTAGONG., 2023-08) Been-Zaman, Nayeem
The truth is that dangers from hunting, poaching, habitat degradation, and other manmade factors have forced tigers to live in captivity in zoo. The only way to keep the species alive has been in captivity. Due to their cramped living conditions and constant exposure to humans, captive tigers frequently exhibit strange behavior. Over the course of three days, a study of several behavioral features and a welfare analysis of sixteen Royal Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) in Chattogram Zoo were conducted. The behaviors of individual or a group were recorded continually over 6 hours from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. They are unable to move, swim, climb trees, hunt, and other activities that they generally undertake in the wild because they are enclosed and confined to a small area. In general, tigers kept in captivity have little to no control over the amount of time they are exposed to certain types of light, noises, smells, visits, or temperatures. These elements have an impact on tiger behavior or activity in captivity. But the authority of Chattogram Zoo have been working from the beginning to provide a comfortable environment and welfare of tigers.
A study on farming status and milk production scenario for cattle on smallholdings in Comilla district
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi,Chattogram, 2016-10) PAUL, SHANCHITA RANI
The present study was conducted to determine the present status including general information, feeding, rearing, housing, milking, health management and milk production in small scales dairy farm. With this view, the empirical data were collected by using predefined questionnaire. The study was conducted at four upazilas in Comilla district, and four months-long survey was carried out on 98 smallholdings. The data was collected by direct contract with farmers. Results show that 61% farm owners rearcrossbred and 39% rear indigenous cattle. Average body weight was 175± 3.5 kg for per animal in the study area. Daily milk yield/cow/farm was 5.39±0.41liter for a crossbred animal and 2.23±0.16 liters for a indigenous dairy cow. The result showed that the average daily milk yield was higher in 2nd lactation 5.21±0.64 liters followed by first, third, fourth and fifth number of lactation (3.49±0.38, 4.11±0.74, 4±0.73, 3.9±0.67) liters, respectively.. The amount of average 1.92± 0.07kg concentrate provided for per cow. Here observed that average roughage amount was 10.18± 0.14kg for per cow. Although the dairy cow owners face problems, the study observed that there were potentials particularly for the small dairy farmers.
A STUDY ON GOAT PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN REGION
(2010-04) Tahmina Akter
This study has been conducted to investigate the goat production in Southern region at some selected areas such as Anawara and Patiya upazilla in Chittagong district. The survey was conducted for a period one month from 22th Auguast to 22th September, 2009. A total 127 goats were studied during this survey. Recorded this data, in the respect of number of breeds, their housing types, body weight, average age, mating type of goats, feeding and feeding cost and income source were analyzed. Results showed that, the total number of goat was 127. The housing types were differed among the farmers. The types of gunny bag, muddy, wooden platform, bamboo, brick was 62%, 16%, 10%, 6%, 6% respectively. The type of gunny bag was more available than others. Overall body weight of doe, buck kid was 19.81±.58, 16.61±.98, 1.2±.07 respectively. The mating practice with hired and others was 66 and 34% respectively. Mating cost per buck 107.35±3.08 tk were found for the study area farmers. The type of grazing, grazing plus concentrate was 36%, 64% respectively. The concentrate cost per day was 15.88±1.9 tk and income from per buck 7225±624.5 tk was recorded.