Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics & Breeding

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THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT IN VILLAGE CONDITION
(DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS & BREEDING, 2018) TABREZE, M.M. SHAMSUDDIN
Black Bengal goat is the heritage, pride and one of the potential genetic resources of Bangladesh. The study was conducted about the growth performance of Black Bengal goat in village condition at Savar Upazila under the Dhaka District from May/2017 to April/2018. Least-squares means for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of ages were 1.10, 5.02, 8.41, 10.41 and 12.42 kg, respectively. Sex of Black Bengal goat has highly significant (p<0.01) effect on the body weight at 3 months (5.22±0.04 and 4.77±0.04 kg) and 6 months of ages (8.74±0.04 and 7.96±0.04 kg) respectively for male and female. Moreover, sex has significant (p<0.05) effect on the body weight at 9 months (10.66±0.09 and 10.10±0.10 kg) and 12 months (12.88±0.06 and 11.82±0.07 kg) respectively male and female. Male was heavier body weight than female in all the ages. Type of birth has highly significant (p<0.01) effect on body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Single type (0.99±0.01kg) birth of kid weight was higher than twins (0.93±0.01 kg) and triplets (0.87±0.01 kg). First, second and third parity of dam has highly significant (p<0.01) body weight at 3 months (4.95±0.05, 5.04±0.04 and 5.08±0.05 kg) and 12 months (12.21±0.67, 12.39±0.08 and 12.67±0.07 kg) and significant (p<0.05) effect at birth weight (0.94±0.01, 0.95±0.01 and 0.97±0.01 kg) and 6 months body weight (8.29±0.06, 8.37±0.05 and 8.54±0.05 kg) respectively of all ages. Body weight is higher in third parity than first and second parity in all ages. Season has a highly significant (P<0.01) effect in birth weight (0.91±0.01, 0.99±0.01 and 0.97±0.01 kg), 3 months (4.87±0.04, 5.22±0.04 and 4.89±0.06 kg), 12 months (12.21±0.06, 12.65±0.07 and 12.30±0.10 kg) of ages respectively in winter, summer and rainy season. In winter, summer and rainy season has significant effect (P<0.05) at 6 months body weights (8.20±0.04, 8.63±0.05 and 8.23±0.07 kg) respectively. The growth performance better in summer season than rainy and winter season was observed in all ages. Thus it can be concluded that male type of sex, single type kid, third parity of dam and summer season was better.
ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT IN VILLAGE CONDITION
(DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS & BREEDING, 2019) AMY, BISHRAT FARHANA
The Black Bengal goat is one of the potential genetic resources in our country. This present study was compiled to investigate the reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat in village condition at Saver Upazilla under the Dhaka district from July/2017 to June/2018. All goats of this study was rearing under extensive conditions. Least-squares means for body weight at birth for 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd parity were 0.92±0.01, 0.99±0.01 and 0.97±0.01 kg respectively. Parity of dam at birth weight of Black Bengal goat has significant effect (p<0.05). The body weight at birth of Black Bengal goat for winter, summer and rainy season were 0.92±0.01, 0.99±0.1 and 0.97±0.01 kg respectively. Season of birth has significant (p<0.05) effect on the birth weight. Non-significant effect of parity of dam on body weight at weaning age of Black Bengal goat. The body weight of Black Bengal goat at weaning period were 5.12±0.06, 5.03±0.05 and 4.97±0.06 kg respectively at 1 ii st , 2 nd and 3 rd parity. The body weight at weaning were 4.89±0.05, 5.27±0.05 and 4.93±0.09 kg respectively at winter, summer and rainy season. There are significant (p<0.05) effect of season on body weight at weaning of black Bengal goat. Parity of dam has highly significant (p<0.01) effect on litter size at birth of Black Bengal goat. The litter size of Black Bengal goat at birth were 1.21±0.06, 2.07±0.08 and 2.43±0.12 respectively at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd parity. The litter size of Black Bengal goat at birth were 1.83±0.09, 1.80±0.09 and 1.75±0.14 respectively at winter, summer and rainy season. Although there is significant effect of parity on litter size but there is no significant effect of season on litter size at birth. Highly significant effect (p<0.01) of parity on litter size at weaning of Black Bengal goat. The litter size at weaning were 1.18±0.05, 1.56±0.06 and 1.91±0.12 respectively at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd parity. Season at birth of Black Bengal goat has significant (p<0.05) effect on litter size at weaning. The litter size at weaning were 1.60±0.08, 1.40±0.07 and 1.30±0.08 respectively at winter, summer and rainy season. Non-significant effect of parity of dam and season of birth on gestation period of Black Bengal goat. The gestation period of black Bengal goat at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 parity were 144.1±0.43. 143.5±0.40 and 144.1±0.48 days respectively and at winter, summer and rainy season were 143.9±0.37, 143.9±0.41 and 143.6±0.59 days respectively. It is concluded that third parity and summer season was better performance under extensive rearing system in village condition.
AVAILABLE COMMERCIAL POULTRY FEEDS IN DHAKA DIVISION: CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF BROILER FEEDS AND COMPARE WITH THE PROTEIN VALUE DECLARED ON BRAND LABELS
(DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS & BREEDING, 2019) ISLAM, MD. JAHEDUL
The study was performed in different Districts under Dhaka division for the period of 12 months between July 2017 to June 2018 to know the availability of commercial poultry feed and to assess the CP value of commercial poultry feed. The research work reveals the present scenario of feed mills industry in Dhaka division through a survey study. The target group of the survey was retailer or dealer of different feed companies. There were 320 number of respondents interviewed at different levels that covered 10 districts of Dhaka division and the research found that a total 38 active feed mill companies present in different districts of Dhaka division. According to the respondent opinion, United feeds Ltd 18.44%, Nourish poultry & hatchery Ltd. (15.63%), Paragon feed Ltd. (8.75%), CP Bangladesh Ltd. (7.19%), Quality Feeds Ltd.( 5.00%), Kazi Farms Ltd. (4.38%), Aftab Feed Products Ltd. (3.75%), SMS Feed Ltd (3.75%), MS Agro Feed Unit Pvt. Ltd (3.44%) and Provita Feed Ltd. (3.13%) are the major contributors in feed market. Those top 10 feed mills contribute more than 73% feed market in different districts of Dhaka division. Feed sample also collected (broiler starter and grower) from top ten feed mill companies among 38 feed mill companies and to find out an exact quantity of CP in broiler feeds manufactured in different districts of Dhaka division. There were no significant differences was p>0.01 in case of dry matter of broiler starter feed. Significance difference was p<0.01 found in broiler grower feed in nutrient concentrations (Dry matter and crude protein %) among the feeds obtained from the ten different feed mills and also significance difference p<0.01 found in CP% in case of broiler starter feed. Broiler feeds were collected from United Feeds Ltd., Nourish Poultry & Hatchery Ltd., Paragon Feed Ltd., SMS Feed and MS Agro Feed Pvt. Ltd. Feed Mills, feed contains somewhat similar or more CP than BSTI standard. So, the feeds produced from these feed mills were deemed to be of acceptable quality. The feeds of remaining feed mills (CP Bangladesh Co. Ltd. , Quality Feeds Ltd, Kazi Farms Ltd. , Provita Feed Ltd. and Aftab Feed Products Ltd.) appeared to be of comparatively lower in CP value CP%. Feed mills are not maintaining the similar standard or requirement for the similar birds specially in CP content, it should be standardized.
ASSESSMENT OF AMMONIA GAS EMISSION IN BROILER HOUSE BY USING Yucca schidigera PLANT EXTRACT AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY
(DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS & BREEDING, 2019) PATOARY, MD. MAHFUJ ULLAH
A trial of 240 day old “Cobb-500” commercial broiler chicks was carried out on littered floor for a period of four weeks at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of Yucca schidigera plant extract (commercially available as “Bio-Ade super”) on ammonia gas emission from litter of the broiler house, to evaluate the bird’s performance, carcass characteristics and economic utility on broiler rearing that includes production cost, profit per bird (PPB) and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The experimental birds were allocated randomly to 3 treatments and a control group with three replications having 20 broilers per replication. Commercial starter and grower feed were used as basal diet which contained minimum 21% CP, 3000 ME Kcal/Kg and 19% CP, 3200 ME Kcal/Kg respectively. The chemical yucca extract (YE) was mixed with drinking water to the birds at three concentration levels: 1ml YE per 16 liters of drinking water (T 1 ), 1ml YE per 20 liters of drinking water (T 2 ), 1ml YE per 24 liters of drinking water (T 3 XIII ) and the group without YE supplementation was control (T 0 ). The result demonstrated that the ammonia level in treated groups T 1 (11.87 ppm), T 2 (15.13 ppm) and T 3 (20.17 ppm) were significantly (P<0.05) lower at the 4 th week of rearing period than control group T 0 (25.87 ppm). A significant difference (P<0.05) was noted on body weight, feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) value of the birds treated with YE. The better FCR was significantly (P<0.05) observed in YE treated groups T 2 (1.46) and T 3 (1.47) than the control group T 0 (1.56). A statistically insignificant (P>0.05) difference was noted on survivability of the broilers between the treatment groups and control. Carcass percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all treatment groups than control group. Edible portion of birds was significantly (P<0.05) high in T 2 (73.64%) than T 3 (72.86%), T 1 (72.07%) and T 0 (67.14%). PPB and BCR were significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment groups than control group and among the treatment groups T 2 performed better than others. However, though Yucca schidigera plant naturally not found in our country but it is commercially available with various trade names. The study therefore recommends for conducting repeated field trial on commercial poultry farm to fix up inclusion level of YE. Hence, it could be safely used in broiler rearing for higher economical return without any adversity.
USE OF COMMERCIAL PHYTASE ENZYME ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
(DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS & BREEDING, 2019) MD. AKHTARUZZAMAN
A total of 120 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The present study was designed to evaluate the productive performance and health status of commercial broiler chicks fed diet containing phytase enzyme compared to base diet. The aims of the present study were to investigate the influence of a phytase enzyme on the growth performance of broiler, Body weight, Feed intake, FCR, carcass merits and P status of broilers (tibia ash contents) of male and female broiler were compared to control feeding of broiler. A total of 120 day-old Cobb 500 chicks were used in this experiment. Chicks were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups of 3 replicates (10 chicks with each replications). One of the 4 experimental group was fed this diet as control while, the remaining Three groups were fed diet mixed with 3 categories of phytase enzyme (fungal, bacterial mixed fungal and bacterial). Here this study T xi 1 = (control), T = (Bacterial phytase enzyme), T 3 = (Combied Bacterial and fungal phytase enzyme) and T 2 = (fungal phytase) . The duration of experiment work 28 days. Results of the experiment showed that addition of phytase diets improved (P<0.5) broilers growth performance and tibia ash content percent with impact starting from the beginning of the fourth week of the feeding trial. However, it has no effect on feed intake. Feed conversion ratio and dressing percent were increased (P<0.05) in birds fed diets supplemented with phytase. Phytase supplementation had no significant effect on both male and female carcass cuts compared to control. To investigated the effect microbial phytase supplementation of microbial phytase specially mixed fungal and bacterial phytase in starter and finisher diets of broilers(1.5+0.1) g /100 kg of the feeds proved to be beneficial for increasing the growth performance of broiler, P status of broiler(tibia ash contents).
EFFECT OF YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) BASED PROBIOTIC ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2019-12) ISLAM, MD. MINHAZUL
A total of 120 day-old Lohmann Meat (Indian River) broiler chicks were reared at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The present study was designed to evaluate the productive performance of commercial broiler chicks fed diet containing yeast based probiotics compared to basal diet. The aims of the present study were to investigate the influence of a yeast based probiotic on the growth performance of broiler, body weight, feed intake, FCR, carcass merits of male and female broiler were compared to control feeding of broiler. A total of 120 day-old Lohmann Meat (Indian River) chicks were used in this experiment. Chicks were divided randomly into 5 experimental groups of 3 replicates (08 chicks with each replication). Among the 5 experimental groups one group were fed this diet as control and another one antibiotic mixed feed, the remaining three groups were fed diet mixed with 3 categories of yeast based probiotics. Here this study T = (antibiotic 0.25g/kg feed), T 2 = (probiotic 1.5g/kg feed), T 3 1 = (probiotic 2 g/kg feed), T = (probiotic 2.5g/kg feed) and T = (control). The duration of experimental work was 28 days. Results of the experiment showed that addition of yeast based probiotics improved (P<0.05) broilers growth performance and the impact starting from the third and the fourth week of the feeding trial. However, it increased the effect on feed intake. Feed conversion ratio was better and dressing percent was increased (P<0.05) in birds fed diets supplemented with yeast based probiotics. Yeast based probiotic supplementation had no significant effect on broiler carcass cuts compared to control. The study therefore concluded that yeast based probiotic supplemented with 2g/ kg of the broiler feeds proved to be beneficial for increasing the growth performance of broiler. 0 4
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF DIETARY LIVE YEAST AND OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2019-12) AKHTER, SHARMIN
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding graded levels of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and oligosaccharide on broiler performance. One-day old of Cobb-500 broiler chicks (n=150) were randomly allocated into five treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 3 replicates having 10 broilers in each of the replication. The dietary treatment contained no live yeast and oligosaccharide considered as control (T 0 ) and the other four treatments were T (2g yeast and 0.5g oligosaccharide/kg feed), T 1 (1g yeast and 0.5g oligosaccharide/kg feed), T (1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed) and T 4 3 (2g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed). During the experimental periods of 4 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survivability, flock uniformity values were calculated. Growth performance parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected by experimental diets. Birds fed 1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed gained superior body weights (1765.90±4.89g) compared to control (l469.43±18.29g), and other dietary treatment. The mean body weight gains (g) at the 1 , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th week of different treatment groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group. The feed intake of T (1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed) group was lower (2307.30±3.66g) compared to control (2421.07±25.99g). The groups fed diets containing 1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide had lower FCR (1.33±0.00) compared to control (1.69±0.03). The inclusion of different dietary treatments had no significant (P>0.05) effects on survivability and flock uniformity. It is concluded that live yeast and oligosaccharide can be included in broiler diet at the rate of 1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed for better performance and higher economical return. 3 st 2
THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) LIGHT WITH DEFFERENT COLOR ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2019-12) BISWAS, TRINA
Artificial lighting is one of the most powerful management tools available to commercial broiler producers. The study was carried out by a total of 150 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. This study aimed at comparing the performance of commercial broiler submitted to lighting using different LED colors or conventional incandescent lamps. This study maintain standard lighting program and were fed balance diet. The overall growth performance of broiler in red LED, green LED and 40W incandescent light were almost same. Body weight was comparatively better (P<0.01) among studies green light sources. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed consumption was almost similar in red LED, green LED and 40W incandescent light. Uniformity (%) was significantly different (P<0.01) among studies, with the best results obtained with red LED light sources. It was concluded that the replacement of incandescent light bulbs by red and green LEDs does not cause any negative effect on the growth performance of commercial broiler. Therefore, switching to red and green LEDs may be can result in overall increased revenue for farmer because of the lower energy costs.
EFFECT OF SEASON ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT IN DINAJPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2019-12) AKHTER, MOST. SELINA
This study was conducted at different places of Dinajpur district namely Kornai, Noshipur, Bangibachar hat, Vagobanpur from July/2017 to June/2018. Birth weight of kids were 0.94±0.02, 1.05±0.02 and 0.90±0.02 kg respectively in summer, rainy and winter season of Black Bengal goat. The birth weight of Black Bengal kids at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 0.95±0.02, 0.97±0.01, 0.98±0.02, 0.96±0.03 kg respectively. There is no significant effect of parity on birth weight of Black Bengal kids. Average gestation length of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 142.9±0.52, 143.2±0.54 and 145.6±0.48 days respectively. The average litter size of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 2.09±0.10, 2.01±0.10 and 2.07±0.09 respectively. The average litter size of Black Bengal goat at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity was 1.53±0.09, 1.83±0.08, 1.97±0.09 and 2.17±0.15 respectively. There is no significant effect of season on litter size of Black Bengal goat. But there is highly significant (p<0.01) effect of parity on litter size of Black Bengal goat. Average age at puberty of Back Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 185.45±3.03, 182.72±3.10 and 183.95±2.76 days respectively. There is no significant effect of season on age at puberty of Black Bengal goat. The average age at first kidding of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 369.82±1.76, 371.92±1.80 and 366.02±1.60 days respectively. There is no significant differences between season and parity on kid mortality rate but there is a significant (p<0.05) effect of season on birth weight of kid, gestation length, age at first kidding and weight at first kidding of Black Bengal goat. The average weight of first kidding of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 9.34±0.16, 9.33±0.16 and 7.79±0.14 kg respectively. There is no significant effect of season on lactation length of Black Bengal goat. The average lactation length of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 72.8±0.54, 73.2±0.55 and 73.07±0.49 days respectively. Average kidding interval of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 186.97±0.82, 184.3±0.84 and 190.48±0.75 days respectively. There is a highly significant (p<0.01) effect of kidding interval on season but having a significant (p<0.05) effect of kidding interval on parity. There is no significant effect of season and parity on kid mortality rate of Black Bengal goat. The average kid mortality rate of Black Bengal goat at summer, rainy and winter season were 16.66±6.39, 18.75±6.54 and 24.79±5.82 % respectively. The average kid mortality rate at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity was 17.36±5.75, 20.60±5.40, and 20.64±6.14 and 14.09±9.31 %. From this experiment it can be concluded that better reproductive performance found in rainy season because the birth weight of kid, age at puberty, lactation length, kidding interval was better than other season. The reproductive performance was excellent in fourth parity because litter size, kidding interval, kid mortality rate were better than other parity.
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) ON PERFORMANCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BROILER
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1207, 2019-12) HOSSAIN, MD. IMRAN
Antibiotics are used to fight against bacterial infection and bacterial resistance to antibiotic are increasing. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the efficacy of probiotics Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on performance and antimicrobial activity of broiler chicken. One-Day old of cobb-500 broiler chicks (n=150) were divided into 5 experimental groups with 3 replicates as 10 chicks in each replication. One of the 5 experimental group fed diet without probiotic was as control and the remaining four groups fed diet with 4 levels of commercial probiotics were T 1 (20g BS/metric ton feed), T 2 (50g BS/metric ton feed), T (20g BL/metric ton feed) and T 4 (50g BL/metric ton feed). The group T 4 3 treated with 50g BL/ metric ton feed (MT) showed higher body weight (1607.50±30.98g) compared to control (1472.14±38.51). Feed consumption was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control group than probiotic treated groups. FCR was better in all probiotic treated groups compared to the control (1.52±0.04) and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) result was found in T group (1.33±0.02). Carcass percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T 4 4 group (71.33±1.30) compared with the control (65.67±1.33). The weight of breast, thigh, drumstick and giblet was significantly (P<0.05) high in T group as compared to others treatment groups and control (T ). In addition, the present study showed that feeding dietary probiotics in different groups had no significant effect (P>0.05) on relative weight of neck, wing, intestine, gizzard, spleen and bursa. The numbers of intestinal microflora (E. coli and Salmonella) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in control group compared to other groups and among the treatment groups the number of salmonella bacteria was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T 0 group. Total expenditure per bird was significantly higher (P<0.05) in treated group (T ) than control group (T 0 ). Feed cost was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control group (T ) compared to different treated groups. BCR and profit per bird was significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment groups than control (T 0 4 4 ) and among the treatment groups T performed better than others. Overall, between these two probiotics (BS and BL), 50g BL/MT feed showed better results in terms of improved growth performance with better FCR, better carcass yield with net economic benefit. 2 0 4
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ALOEVERA (Aloe barbadensis miller) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum) ON THE PERFORMANCES OF BROILER
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1207, 2019-12) PAUL, SEPIA
A trial using 120 day old “Lohman strain (Indian River)” commercial broiler chicks were carried out on littered floor for a period of four weeks at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of Aloevera and Garlic extract in drinking water in order to evaluate the bird’s performance, carcass characteristics and economic utility on broiler rearing that includes production cost, profit per bird (PPB) and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The experimental birds were allocated randomly into 3 treatments and a control group with three replications having 8 broilers per replication. The AVG was mixed with drinking water at three concentration levels: 1% Aloevera gel of DW in DW (T 2 ), 1% Garlic of DW in DW (T 3 ), 0.5% Aloevera gel + 0.5% Garlic of DW in DW (T 4 ) and the group without AVG supplementation was control (T 0 and T 1 ). As per the result T 4 performed well according to the production performance. Results demonstrated that the average water intake in different groups were insignificant (P>0.05). A significant difference (P<0.05) was noted on body weight, feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG) in the birds treated with AVG. Additionally, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) had been improved. The better FCR was observed in combined AVG treated group, T 4 (1.31) than the other. A difference was figured on broilers survivability between the treatment groups and the control. Carcass percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all treatment groups than control. Edible portion of birds was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in T 4 (67.00%±0.58) than T 2 (66.00%±0.58), T 3 (65.67%±0.33), T 1 (65.00%) and control T 0 (64.67%±0.67). The combination of aloevera and garlic was not cost effective due to the treatment cost. Where, the antibiotic positive and the antibiotic negative control were cost effective. However, negative control had been found with higher mortality than the other. It is reviewed that, though antibiotic promotes the growth, such type of practice reduces the natural improvement of gut environment as well as disease fighting capability, a reason behind reducing production in broiler industry. Therefore, the application of AVG will help naturally, in production without resistance. However, Aloevera & Garlic induced treatments (T 2 , T 3 , T 4 ) lead to less BCR and profit than controls (T 1 ). It is recommended that T 4 (0.5% Aloe+ 0.5% Garlic) can be used for safe broiler meat production rather than using antibiotics. , T 0
OVARIAN CATEGORIES, FOLLICLES AND OOCYTES ANALYSIS OF BUFFALO IN VIEW OF IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF EMBRYOS
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1207, 2019-12) ISLAM, MUHAMMAD RAKIBUL
The present study was carried out at the Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from July 2018 to June 2019. Buffalo ovaries were collected from Slaughter house of Dhaka city. During collection left and right ovaries were identified and recorded and after necessary processing the ovaries were categorized as (i) ovaries without corpus luteum (CL) and (ii) ovaries with corpus luteum (CL). Ovaries were then evaluated on the basis of length (cm), width (cm), weight (g), total number of follicles on the surface of each category ovaries, number of follicles aspirated and total number of COCs. In terms of ovarian categories regarding left and right category, the result obtained from this experiment showed significant (p<0.01) difference in the parameters. The highest percentage of CL (27.12±0.11%) was in right ovary compared to left ovaries (3.24±0.11%). The higher length (cm) (2.75±0.06), width (cm) (2.17±0.05), weight (g) (4.74±0.13) was found in right ovaries compared to left ovaries. The number of follicles (aspirated) (5.47±0.16) were also higher in left ovaries compared to right ovaries (4.18±0.16). The normal COCs were higher in case of left ovaries (with a mean of 0.98±0.16 per ovary) compared to right ovaries (with a mean of 0.84±0.16 per ovary). In case of abnormal COCs reverse result was found. In terms of ovarian categories regarding with CL or without CL, 76.47±0.01% ovaries showed without CL where 23.53±0.01% showed ovary with CL. In case of ovarian category regarding with CL and without CL, Significance difference were found in the parameter. The highest length (2.86 ±0.10) and weight (4.73±0.12) were found in with CL ovaries compared to without CL ovaries. In case of width (cm), both in with CL and without CL ovaries were same (2.30±0.01). The number of follicles (aspirated) was distinctly higher in ovaries with CL (5.28 ±0.136) compared to ovary without CL (2.29±0.14). In terms of total COCs, ovaries without CL showed highest number of COCs (1.41± 0.11) compared to the ovaries with CL (1.17±0.11) where the highest numbers of normal COCs (0.55± 0.01) and abnormal COCs (0.86 ±0.03) were found in ovary without CL compared to ovary with CL (normal COCs 0.5 ±0.01 and abnormal 0.54±0.03). Finally, it can be concluded that left ovaries contain more follicles and COCs than right ovaries and also contain more number of normal COCs. Whereas ovaries without CL contain higher number of follicles and normal COCs compared to ovaries with CL. So, higher number of normal COCs found in left and without CL ovaries.
EFFECT OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN ON IN-VITRO MATURATION OF BOVINE OOCYTE
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) SAHA, MOUMITA
The present experiment was to investigate the effect of different concentration of Bovine Serum Albumin on in vitro maturation of bovine oocyte. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected from bovine ovaries by aspiration method and matured for hours in TCM-199 basic medium supplemented with different concentration of BSA 10% and 15%). The Significantly higher (p<0.01) number of follicles were aspirated in ovaries without CL (Corpus Luteum) ±0.28) than with CL containing ovaries (3.00±0.37). Higher numbers of COCs were found in ovaries without CL (4.42±0.30) than ovaries with CL (2.40±0.40). Number of follicle aspirated in left ovaries (4.76±0.20) and in right ovaries (4.74 ±0.20).The collected number of COCs higher in left ovaries (4.47±0.19) compared to right ovaries (4.34±0.18).Three levels of cumulus cell expansion after hours of in vitro maturation (at 38.5 °C and 5% CO in an incubator) observed under 10x magnification of microscope and different stages of nuclear maturation was observed based on chromosomal configuration. Oocytes reached to Level-1, Level-2 and Level-3 cumulus cell expansion level with 0% 10% and 15% of BSA concentration were 0.32%, 0.26%, 0.29% and 0.50%; 0.38%, 0.43%, 0.86% and 0.31%; %, 0.71% and 0.06% respectively, where, 5% BSA supplementation was reached 0.96% at cumulus cell expansion level- The percentage of COCs reached to Metaphase-I, Metaphase-II, GVBD (germinal vesicle break down) and GV(Germinal vesicle) stages with 0%, , 10% and 15% of BSA supplementation were 0.00%, 0.92%, 0.47% and 0.28%; 0.12% and 0.00%; 0.64%, 0.62%, 0.82% and 0.61%; 0.29%, 0.24%,and 0.44% respectively. These result further indicate that the maturation and subsequent development rate could be significantly increased (p<0.01) by supplementing 5% level of BSA than that of control. This trend maintained up to 10% of BSA, but no further improvement was found by increasing level of BSA up to 15%. It is conducted that the left ovary without CL is a good source of normal grade oocytes and 10% level of BSA supplementation has a positive effect of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes.
COMBINED EFFECT OF NEEM LEAVES AND APPLE CIDER VINEGAR ON GROWTH AND ANTICOCCIDIAL EFFECT IN BROILER
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) KHUNDOKER, LIMA
This study was conducted to find out the efficacy of neem leaves and apple cider vinegar on growth and anticoccidial effect in broiler. A total of 120-day old Indian River-Lohmann meat broiler chicks were divided into 4 experimental groups with 3 replicates as 10 chicks in each replication. One of the 4 experimental group fed normal diet without neem leaves and apple cider vinegar (ACV) was as control and the remaining three groups fed diet with neem leaves were T 1 (2g/Kg feed), apple cider vinegar (ACV) T 2 (5ml/L drinking water), combined neem leaves and apple cider vinegar (ACV) T 3 (2g/Kg feed & 5ml/L drinking water). During the experimental periods of 4 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), flock uniformity, survivability & coccidial oocyst count were calculated. Growth performance parameters & coccidial oocyst count were significantly (P˂0.05) affected by experimental diets. Birds fed combined neem leaves and apple cider vinegar (ACV), T 3 gained superior body weights (1734.00±16.37g) compared to control (1581.00±9.54g), T 1 neem (1647.33±10.48g) and other dietary treatments. The mean body weight gains (g) at the 1st, 3rd and 4th week of different treatment groups were significantly higher (P˂0.05) than control group. The groups fed diets containing combined neem leaves and apple cider vinegar feed (T 3 ) had better FCR (1.32±0.01) compared to control (1.51±0.00). Highest (100%) survivability was found in T 3 group than control (90%) group. The inclusion of different dietary treatments had significant (P˂0.05) difference on coccidial oocyst count. However, T 3 group had the better (3.00±1.15) oocyst count compared to control (22.33±1.45). It is concluded that combined neem leaves & apple cider vinegar can be included in broiler diet for better performance with better FCR & lower coccidial oocyst count.
IMPACT OF LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) TUBES ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SYSTEM ON BROILER PRODUCTION
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) BALA, SHEULI
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different LED light color on growth performance of broiler and compare the performance of broiler reared under two different light sources and two different light colors. A total of 120 day-old Lohmann Meat (Indian River) broiler chicks were reared for 28 days at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. Chicks were divided randomly into 3 experimental groups of 4 replicates (10 chicks with each replication). Among the three treatment groups, one group kept under Incandescent light as control (T 0 ) and the other groups kept under red LED light (T 1 ) and white LED light (T 2 ) were treatment groups. During the experimental periods of 4 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survivability, flock uniformity values were calculated. Growth performance parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected by experimental light. Birds were reared under white LED light gained superior body weights (1916.84±16.03g) compared to control (1807.36±14.50g) and red LED light (1854.38±30.93). Feed conversion ratio was comparatively better (P>0.05) and dressing percentage was increased (P<0.05) in birds reared under white LED tube light. The weight of breast, back, thigh, drumstick and giblet was significantly (P <0.05) high in T 2 group as compared to T 1 and control (T 0 ) group. In addition, the present study showed that the different color LED light in different groups had no significant effect (P>0.05) on relative weight of neck, wing, heart, liver, gizzard, spleen and proventiculus. Survivability was no significantly (P>0.05) higher in T 2 and T 0 group compared to T 1 group. However, the higher flock uniformity (76.5±7.81%) was found in T 2 group compared to T 1 (70±7.07%) and T 0 (71.95±10.97) group which was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). In case of cost benefit analysis, net profit was highest in T 2 group than the other groups. The study therefore concluded that, white LED tube light could be a better alternative source of light than Incandescent light in terms of growth performance of broiler chickens, economics and energy saving.
FEEDING PRACTICES & NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF CONCENTRATE FEED OF CATTLE USED IN SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS OF SOUTH-WEST PART OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) RAHMAN, MD. SHAFIQUR
The study was undertaken to identify available feed resources & evaluation of concentrate feed of cattle used by the farmers of southwest part of Bangladesh. A field survey was conducted to collect data from 180 farmers of Rajbari, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah and Magura district with a pretested survey questionnaire. The collected concentrate feed samples were evaluated through chemical analysis. Results showed that farmers’ used rice straw, different types of uncultivated grass, vegetable waste, napier grass, tree leaves, sugarcane top, fruits peel, maize leaves, urea molasses straw, water hyacinth & sorghum as roughage source and rice bran, wheat bran, broken rice, broken maize, mustard oil cake, broken wheat & molasses as concentrate source. They also used boiled rice water, vitamin mineral premix and commercial cattle pellet. The average price of per kg rice straw, napier grass, rice bran, wheat bran, broken rice, broken maize, broken wheat, mustard oil cake, molasses, vitamin mineral premix, commercial cattle pellet feed was Tk. 3.44, 2.78, 10.69, 30.81, 23.21, 26.47, 25.89, 40.75, 26.75, 722.34 & 32.93 respectively. Proximate composition of available concentrated feed items showed average DM% of rice bran, wheat bran, broken rice, broken maize, mustard oil cake and broken wheat is (89.23 ± 0.26), (86.62 ± 0.28), (87.55 ± 0.33), (88.04 ± 0.36), (87.85 ± 0.26) & (88.82 ± 0.33) respectively. Average CP% of rice bran, wheat bran, broken rice, broken maize, mustard oil cake and broken wheat is (7.25 ± 0.21), (14.77 ± 0.40), (8.78 ± 0.19), (8.13 ± 0.14), (31.66 ± 0.38) & (11.75 ± 0.18) respectively. Average CF% of rice bran, wheat bran, broken rice, broken maize, mustard oil cake and broken wheat is (19.18 ± 0.52), (9.32 ± 0.23), (0.54 ± 0.04), (4.16 ± 0.14), (10.89 ± 0.18) & (2.61 ± 0.15) respectively. Highest number (91.67%) of farmers claimed higher price of feed as the key challenges and 87.78% farmers suggested that reducing feed cost was the primary solution to overcome the challenges regarding cattle feeding. On the basis of above study it is evident that rice straw is the main roughage feed and rice bran is the main concentrate feed which are used by 100% farmers and 95.56% farmers respectively. The use of commercial pellet feed is limited which is used by only 12.78% farmers.
EFFECTS OF MORINGA LEAF (Moringa oleifera) AND SPIRULINA (Spirulina platensis) ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) NASER, ABU
The study was planned to determine the comparative and combined efficacy of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) and Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on the productive performance of commercial broilers. A total of 120 day-old Lohmann Meat (Indian River) broiler chicks were reared for 28 days at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. Chicks were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups of 3 replicates (10 chicks with each replication). Among the four treatment groups, one group fed with basal diet as control (T 0 ) and the other groups with same diet supplemented by 2% Moringa leaf powder (T 1 ), 1% Spirulina powder (T 2 ) & 1% Moringa leaf powder+0.5% Spirulina powder (T 3 ) were treatment groups. Results of the experiment showed that addition of Moringa leaf and Spirulina combinedly improved broilers growth performance and the impact started from the third and fourth week of the feeding trial. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was comparatively better (P>0.05) and dressing percentage was increased (P<0.05) in birds fed diets supplemented with Spirulina and both Moringa and Spirulina. Survivability was higher (non significantly, P>0.05) in combined (T 3 ) and MLP (T 1 ) feeding group compared to other treated group T 0 and T 2 . The relative weight of liver, heart, and intestine were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T 3 group than other group T 0 , T 1 and T 2 . On the other hand, gizzard and spleen were non significantly higher (P>0.05) in T 3 group than other treated groups. In case of cost benefit analysis, net profit was highest in MLP (T 1 ) treated group than the other groups. The study therefore concluded that, combined supplementation of Moringa leaf and Spirulina proved to be beneficial for increasing the growth performance of broiler chickens. However, Moringa treated group is more cost effective and profitable than other treated groups.
Effects of Different Levels of Selenium Supplements on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chicken in Hot Humid Climatic Condition
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
A total of 120 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The present study was designed to evaluate the growth performance and immune response of commercial broiler chicks fed diet containing Selenium Powder in hot humid climatic condition. Chicks were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups of 3 replicates (10 chicks with each replications). One of the 4 experimental group was fed diet as control while, the remaining three groups were fed diet with 3 levels of Se (0.1g Se/kg feed, 0.3g Se/kg feed and 0.5g Se/kg feed). The results showed that average live weight and live weight gain was significant (P<0.05) in comparison to others. Though best live weight and live weight gain was found at 0.5g/kg Se concentration but it was very close with control group. The feed consumption and FCR were not influence significantly by the dietary inclusion of Se as compared to control group. The highest FCR was in 0.1g Se/Kg feed and lowest was in control. However, a linear increase in feed consumption has found with the increase in Se concentration in the diet. Birds fed 0.5g Se/kg feed diets achieved superior feed consumption compared to those of the control group. The relative weight of carcass parts, giblet organ and dressing percent of different groups showed that there was significant (P<0.05) difference between the groups. The superior dressing percentage and carcass parts were found in 0.3g Se/kg feed concentration. In addition, the present study showed that feeding dietary Se had no significant (P>0.05) effects on survivability and uniformity among the treatments though there was no mortality in treatments group. The results of hematological studies as well as immune response showed no significant (P>0.05) differences due to supplementation of Se. Analyzing the above findings it can be concluded that Selenium don’t hamper growth performance and immunity of broiler therefore it can be use with feed for human health benefit. Because the residual Selenium has a positive impact on human health as Selenium is an essential micronutrient for human
FOOD SAFETY PRACTICES BY RESIDENTIAL PEOPLE LIVE IN SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (SAU) CAMPUS AND BACTERIAL COUNT IN MILK FOUND IN SAU MARKET: A FOOD SAFETY ISSUE
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION, GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) RIDAY, MD. SAZZADUL ISLAM
The study was performed at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) Campus during March 2020 to May 2020 to take ideas about food safety issues. It was accomplished by survey and lab test on microbiological analysis of milk. Among the 471 respondents, 50 number interviewed were teachers, officers and staff at different residential building. Respondents were interviewed to determine their idea about food safety related authority and acts, hand washing, source of buying egg & raw milk and transportation practices, raw milk storage, their food hygiene practices and cleaning of kitchen surfaces were investigated. Survey exposed that only 34% respondents have idea about food safety authority and 66% have no idea. After completing the survey, laboratory test was started to find out pathogen present in milk. Different milk samples were collected from dairy farm of SAU Campus and SAU market and analyzed for total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and total coliform count (TCC) in milk. TVBC aids to enumerate only viable microbes and to determine the contamination and unhygienic conditions of milk handling. On the other hand, TCC support to know the presence of coliform bacteria in milk. During TVBC count it was noticed that all raw milk samples were present at the range of standard value but have significant difference (P<0.05) among them. Pasteurized milk (sample 5 and sample 6) were also remained between the range of standard value but have no significant difference (P>0.05). The results of TCC for sample 1, sample 3, sample 4 were more than the standard value but sample 2 remained between the range of standard value and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among the samples. The results of TCC for two brands of pasteurized milk (sample 5 and sample 6) were nil (absence of coliform bacteria) also resembled with the standard value. Therefore, these pasteurized milk can be suggested for human consumption as it remain between the standard value. Finally it can be concluded that authority should focuses more on publicity about the safe food and hygiene practices among the people to ensure good health and proper sanitation that is an important issue of sustainable development goals (SDGs).
NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING SEMEN QUALITY OF BULLS
(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION,GENETICS AND BREEDING, 2020) RAHMAN, MD. HAFIZUR
Cattle are the main livestock species in Bangladesh having over 25 billion population. Artificial insemination is mainly used for breeding. In the present study, a total of 235 ejaculates from 26 bulls were analyzed to evaluate the non-genetic factors of semen quality of bulls in the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF). Among three age groups, adult bulls (72-96 months) produced the highest volume (11.65±0.37ml) and concentration (1372.4±53.94) whereas mass and forward movement was higher in mature (3.43±0.03) and adult (69.44±0.55) respectively. Bull having medium weight (500-750 kg) produced more volume of semen (10.39±0.26ml) but concentration and mass movement was higher in light (up to 500 kg) weight group (1382.1±49.37 and 3.52±0.05) while forward movement recorded higher in heavy weight group (69.72±0.55). Seasonal variation was not significant in the study. Early matured (18-24 months) bulls produced more volume (10.15±0.23ml) but late matured (24-36 months) bulls have more concentration (1402.7±43.14), mass movement (3.46±0.04) and forward movement (68.54±0.45). Thus the study showed that, adult bulls having the body weight up to 500 kg (light) from late matured bulls will produce quality semen in any season in terms of volume, concentration, mass and forward movement.