Production Report
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Item Study on existing cattle manure management practices in Mirsarai upazila of Chattogram(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-10) Noor, Mahamud SadiqueCattle manure conventionally pollutes the environment, but with better handling, it can be made profitable. A survey study was carried out to find out which manure management systems are now in place, what percentage of manure is produced on farms, and how much pollution is caused by various systems. By farmers from different unions of Mirsarai upazila under Chattogram district that were chosen. The majority of cattle farmers, according to the results, choose solid storage systems for handling their manure. About 52% of the stored manure was utilized to fertilize the soil, 30% was used to prepare wood for burning, 4% was used for composting and the other 8% was completely squandered. Only 6 percent of the cattle dung was used for anaerobic digestion. The generated gas from an anaerobic digestion system was used for domestic use, and the bioslurry caused environmental damage and hardship for farmers. Although aquaculture and land fertilization cover its utilization, the amount is insufficient in relation to its production. Due to improper handling methods and a lack of expertise, more than 52% of the bioslurry is squandered. The treatment of liquid slurry and urine presented a rather depressing scenario.Human diseases and environmental damage may arise from the microbial components present in cattle dung. In order to evaluate the risk of cattle farm manure and waste materials on the public’s health, this study looked into the manure management techniques in order to pinpoint risk behaviors and socioeconomic factors related to manure handling. According to the study, over 70% of farmers did not believe that cattle dung might spread illnesses. The survey also showed that skin issues afflicted 44% of farm workers, respiratory issues affected 4%, and gastrointestinal issues affected 11%. It is clear that more information is needed to support cattle caretakers in promoting effective management techniques.Item Effect of Different Physiological Conditions on Blood Biochemical Parameters of Pregnant Cows(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-10) Naima Nitu, JannatulBiochemical parameter reveals health and management status of an animal. This study aims at determining effects of different physiological states of pregnancy as such trimester, parity number, milking status and level of milk yield on biochemical status of serum calcium, phosphorus and total protein in dairy animals to signify the importance of routine metabolic profiling in dairy sector of Bangladesh. This study involved 3 randomly selected farms of Sitakunda upazila, Chattogram from which data of 20 randomly selected pregnant cows were collected. Data were collected through direct interview and using questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein and laboratory tests were done to estimate serum Ca, P and total protein level. Data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of different trimester, parity numbers, milking status and level of milk yield on serum levels of Ca, P and total protein. The descriptive analysis of this study showed that significant difference was found in the serum calcium level due to different levels of milk yield (P<0.10) and calcium levels were high in low-yielding cows in comparison to medium-yielding cows considering higher mobilization of calcium from bone to blood because of milking. However, no significant differences were found in case of P and total protein due to milk yield (P>0.10). Also, serum levels of Ca, P and total protein were evaluated with no significant difference at different trimesters (P>0.10), parity numbers (P>0.10) and milking status (P>0.10) in our study. Based on our study, we conclude that biochemical parameters of blood may vary with different physiological stages of pregnancy, and management intervention can alter the results.Item Effect of Environmental Temperature and Impact of Management Practices on Egg Production in Selected Areas Layer Farms of Bangladesh(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-10) Sajid, JobayerThis study analyses the effects of heat stress on the layer chickens’ egg production losses and looks at the measures that can be taken to prevent it in different unions of Sonagazi upazila, within Feni district of Bangladesh. Specifically, through a simple random sampling, 18 layer farms from various unions across the region were chosen for this study. Recent heatwaves mean that farms have reached reduced amounts of egg laying but farms that have installed some kind of prevention measures like fans, water sprinkling, or insulating the sheds are different with more positive outcomes. Study shows there is an inverse relationship between temperature and egg production, such that a one-degree celsius increases of temperature reduced the egg production by 0.22913 units. However, the following measures were taken by the farm owner, still they felt more discouraged to rear layer due to such a frequent occurrence and drastic changes in the layer production in summer seasons. If the problems can be removed, proper guideline for prevention of heat stress in layer is provided, thus, application of current managerial tactics have influenced the heat stress such as, the regression co-efficient values for average time of spraying (0.27000), presence of insulator material (1.02922), fans per 1000 sq. feet (0.38329), and the use of Vitamin C, electrolytes, and other supplements (0.65743). These coefficients suggest that the presence of insulator material and the use of supplements have the most significant impact on system performance, followed by fans per area and the average spraying time can reduce the negative impact of heat on layer’s performance and production of quality eggs which in turn may lead to people being motivated to establish layer farms on large scale throughout the year. The current baseline inspection indicates an accurate snapshot of the improper heat stress management practices prevalent in the layer chicken farms of Sonagazi Upazila. So the recommendations of this report will be helpful for designing/creating a suitable plan to prevent heat stress in layer chicken farms in Bangladesh.Item Effects of Probiotics on Milk Production and Bacterial Count in Bovine Milk(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Mia, MilonAdministration of probiotics can be used significantly in the host health improvement. The genus Lactobacillus plays a critical role in the dairy industry, particularly in milk production due to its diverse beneficial effects on animal health, milk yield, and milk quality. To find out those effects, this study aims to present a comprehensive experiment using the Lactobacillus bulgaricus as probiotics in dairy cattle of Kapasia region in Gazipur. Variations in the bacterial count is determined using the test of total viable count and lactobacillus count. The probiotics supplementation significantly increases the total viable count and lactobacillus count (p<0.001, p = 0.003). However, no significant difference is found in the milk productions (p=0.99). The study demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics application in the improvement of quality and quantity of cow milk.Item Seasonal Variations in Feed Conversion Ratio, Mortality Rate, and Disease Prevalence in Broiler Chickens: A Study in Chattogram and Narsingdi Districts, Bangladesh(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Amin Sweety, TahminaThis research investigates the impact of seasonal variations on feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, and disease prevalence in broiler chickens in Narsingdi and Chattogram districts of Bangladesh. By examining the effects of winter and summer, the study seeks to understand how seasonal fluctuations, geographical differences, and vaccination practices influence the performance and health of broilers, to provide practical recommendations for poultry management. Data were obtained from 15 broiler farms using structured questionnaires, focusing on variables such as FCR, mortality rate, disease prevalence, types of litter materials, and vaccination status. The findings revealed that growth performance was superior in summer compared to winter, while disease incidence was notably higher in the winter. There was no statistically significant relationship between FCR and mortality rate (p>0.05), and the type of litter material used showed no significant impact on either broiler performance or disease prevalence. However, a moderate to strong correlation was observed between vaccination and a reduction in disease prevalence (r=0.64). These insights can assist poultry farmers in refining management practices to better accommodate seasonal changes.Item Lactation Insights: Unveiling Milk Production and Composition Trends in Holstein-Friesian Crosses(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Binte Amin, NusratDairy farming occupies a critical position in Bangladesh's agricultural system since it plays a vital role in employment, nutrition, and food security. Still, this sector faces a considerable challenge: there is a progressive gap in the supply of milk and its consumption which is crossing 45 lakh metric tons per annum. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the lactation stages on milk production and its quality to improve the development of dairies positively. This study was conducted in Patiya upazila of Chattogram targeting 20 Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows that closely resemble the actual population. The collection of records was made very effective in different aspects across the three distinct phases of lactation. The research revealed that the amount of milk produced decreases with the progression of lactation as the average yield is 11.043 liters/day during early lactation. At the same time, the milk fat and lactose concentrations increased sharply during the late lactation stage, while SNF concentrations reached their maximum in mid-lactation. In addition, the research showed that the protein content in milk was slightly lower throughout the lactation period. The study thus reveals that the relationship between the lactation stage and milk composition is not simple. These differences also remind the stockholders about the necessity to implement the development of lactation management to not only preserve but also improve the quality and quantity of milk production. Knowledge of these lactation dynamics will thus enable dairy farmers to feed and manage their animals in ways that enhance yield, while at the same time also achieving the right components in milk at the correct proportion. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the existing literature in dairy science alongside practical implications to the policymakers as well as farmers in an attempt to enhance efficiency and sustainable dairy production in Bangladesh.Item Study on existing milk preservation practices in Kalihati upazila of Tangail District(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Hossen, UzzalThis study investigates milk preservation practices in Kalihati Upazila, Tangail, where traditional and modern techniques co-exist among local sweetshop owners. Due to limited infrastructure and access to cooling facilities, milk spoilage is a critical issue in this rural area, leading to wastage and economic loss. The research aimed to evaluate the current preservation methods, such as refrigeration, boiling, and the use of natural materials like bamboo and jackfruit leaves, to determine their effectiveness in extending milk's shelf life. Results revealed that while refrigeration is the most widely used method (42% of respondents), traditional techniques like boiling (30%) and combining both methods (28%) are still prevalent. Natural materials for preservation, such as bamboo leaves (26%) and jackfruit leaves (16%), remain in use, showcasing a reliance on indigenous knowledge. However, these methods are insufficient for long-term preservation, with milk generally remaining fresh for only 3-4 days. Dependent on temperature,the study underscores the need for modern milk-handling technologies and government intervention to enhance preservation and reduce milk wastage, potentially boosting local dairy production and economic stability. It was concluded that Modern method of preservation were better than other method of preservation of milk.Item Study on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Burichang Upazila of Cumilla District(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Mahmud, JarifThis study was carried out to explore the reproductive and productive performance of crossbred cows, most likely from the Friesian, Sahiwal, and Sindhi cross (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal cross, Holstein Friesian × Sindhi cross and Sahiwal × Sindhi cross). A total of 120 cows in all were chosen at random from the Burichang upazila of Cumilla district. The result showed that for the Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal cross, Holstein Friesian × Sindhi cross and Sahiwal × Sindhi cross, the mean milk yield and lactation length were found to be 8.6 ± 0.74, 6.4 ± 1.32, and 4.8 ± 0.65 litre/day and 218.22±8.35, 284.69±1.64, 251.77±3.66, and 259.77±4.91 days respectively. It demonstrates that in terms of lactation duration and milk quality (milk fat, protein and SNF percentage) the Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal cross performs best (3.58 ± 0.46, 3.27 ± 0.13 and 8.84 ± 0.21). Regarding reproductive performance, data indicates that Sahiwal × Sindhi cows, require a minimum of 1.56 ± 0.68 services for each conception. The gestation length varied within Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian × Sindhi crosses in a narrow range (278.6 ± 4.02 to 278.2 ± 4.35 days), with the gestation length of the Sahiwal × Sindhi cross being shorter (277.4 ± 4.16 days). Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were lower in Sahiwal × Sindhi cows (10.54 ± 0.42, 5.78 ± 0.54 and 1.82 ± 0.98) mg/dl than its counterparts. It was concluded that production and reproduction performance of Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal cross were superior to other crossbred cows.Item STUDY ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND MORTALITY OF GOAT UNDER TRADITIONAL REARING SYSTEM IN TANGAIL DISTRICT(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-10) Md. SHARUKUL, ISLAMThis study investigates the management practices, health challenges, and mortality rates of goats in the Dhonbari Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh, with a particular focus on the Black Bengal breed. The study was Conducted over three weeks and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 farmers across eight unions. The findings reveal that 58% of farmers utilized a semi-intensive rearing system, predominantly providing goats with green grass and tree leaves, while only 17% supplemented their diet with concentrate feed. The overall goat mortality rate was 23.1%, with a concerning kid mortality rate of 42%, primarily due to infectious diseases such as Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), pneumonia, and diarrhoea. Vaccination coverage was low, with only 17% of farmers reporting vaccination practices, indicating significant gaps in disease prevention. The study also reported an average litter size of goat was 1.71 and an average birth weight of goat was 1.24 kg, which influenced by seasonal factors. These results highlight the urgent need for enhanced management strategies, improved disease control measures, and targeted educational programs for farmers to increase goat productivity and promote food security in rural Bangladesh.Item Assessment of Broiler Farm Practices and Production Efficiency in Hathazari Upazila, Chattogram(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Jahan Momy, NusratBroiler farming has paid a great contribution in improving the socio- economic status of people in under developed country like Bangladesh. The productivity and profitability of broiler farming largely depends on good management practices. The present study was conducted on selected broiler farms to know about the socio-economic status of the farmers, managemental practices adapted by them and overall production performance of the broiler chicken in Hathazari region, Chittagong. The data for this study was collected by direct interview to farmers, visual inspection of farms and farm records through a pre-formed questionnaire. Through the study, it was found that most of the farmers are of young age (60%), started farm with own money (60%), received no training (90%), has experience of 6-10 years (50%) and has taken farming as main occupation (70%). Considering management practices, 50% of the farmers collected day old chick (DOC) from Kazi Farms Limited through local dealers. The housing system was intensive, open sided with kacha (60%) and paka (40%) floors and tin shed roof. In all farms sawdust was used as litter material in study region due to unavailability of rice husk. Electric brooding was done in all farms with duration of 5-7 days in summer and 10-15 days in winter and 50% of farmers did not measured temperature during brooding. Most of the farmers used feed of Kazi brand (30%) followed by Paragon (20%), ACI (20%), Aman (10%) and Nourish (10%). Broilers were reared for 28-35 days. The most common disease in this area is Infectious Bursal disease (66%). Most farmers maintained vaccination schedules but hygiene condition were minimal, with no foot bath and unrestricted public access. All the farmers used different growth promoters, antibiotics, liver tonics, vitamins in broilers. The average mortality rate of the studied farm was 3.36%, average final body weight was 1.7 kg and average feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.26. It is concluded that the information gathered through this study would be beneficial in developing enhanced poultry management strategies in the study area.