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    Immune responses to hepatitis b vaccine in type 2 diabetic patients
    (© University of Dhaka, 2025-04-15) Bokshi, Dr. Sujal Kumar
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    Risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases in selected rural community in Nepal
    (©University of Dhaka, 2023-08-22) Khanal, Mahesh Kumar
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    Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in slum of Dhaka city
    (©University of Dhaka, 2023-08-22) Arefin, S. M. Zahid Hassan
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    Prevalence of cardiovascular disease factors among adults in a selected community of Kathmandu, Nepal
    (University of Dhaka, 2018-01-16) Raja Ram, Dhungana
    Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is emerging as a prominent health problems among low and middle income countries. It has particularly affected the poorest. However, comparatively fewer CVD risk factors studies are conducted among rural communities of Kathmandu, Nepal, where most people are in-migrating and living under epidemiological and nutritional transition. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in one of the rural communities of Kathmandu, Nepal. Method: We conducted ananalytical cross-sectional study inSitapaila Village Development Community, Kathmandu between February 2014 and February, 2015. Total 347 participants of age 18 to 70 years were selected randomly. Data were collected using WHO STEPS questionnaire for CVD risk factors and analyzed with SPSS V.16.0. Result: The mean age of respondents was 42.5±13.2 years. The majority of them were female (n= 206; 59.4%), one-third(34%) represented the upper caste, and over a quarter (29.1%) did not attend school. Cardiovascular disease risk factors includedimmediate risk factors- obesity (14.9%), hypertension (34.4%), diabetes (14.8%), and high triglyceride levels (10.8%), and intermediate risk factors- smoking (17.6 %), alcohol consumption (29.4%), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (98%) and insufficient physical activity (21%). The average daily salt intake per capita remained high at 9.57 gm± 5.49 gm.There was a significant inverse relationship between physical activity and waist hip ratio(WHR) (r= -0.115, p<0.05), fasting blood glucose (FBS) (r= -12, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r= -073, p<0.05) and triglycerides (TG) (r= -0.126, p<0.05).Blood pressure level was also positively correlated with FBS, TG, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Conclusion: A high prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and strong interrelationships suggesteda high risk of cardiovascular events in the study population. The findings have implications for planning and the implementation of cardiovascular disease risk factor prevention programs in rural communities in Kathmandu.
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    Health seeking behaviour of the menopausal women in urban slum of Dhaka city
    (University of Dhaka, 2018-01-04) Arifa, Sonia
    A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 postmenopausal women living in Vashantek slum of Dhaka city to assess their perception and attitude towards menopause, their experience with menopausal symptoms and the management of those along with their health seeking behaviour. The study was conducted in the slum at household level through face to face interviews and data was collected with a pre-tested questionnaire during June 2014 to May 2015. The median age of the postmenopausal women was found 57.5 years and a large percentage of them (42%) were widows. Around 90% of them had received no education in their lives and majority of them (62%) were housewives. The duration of menopausal symptoms increases along with age which was found to be statistically significant (P value 0.000). Mean age of onset of menopause was found to be 45.3 years. Psychological and Somatomotor groups of symptoms of menopause were found to be very high whereas Urogential Symptoms were comparatively low. Commonest symptoms were tension and fear (97%), being mentally upset (97%), irritability and nervousness (96%), depression (92%), joint and muscle pain (94%) and hot flushes (95%). Around 44% of women went to nearby pharmacies to seek for remedies of symptoms and 11.2% took traditional care whereas only 15% went to a medical doctor. The main reason for not seeking medical support was found to be financial problem (45%). It was found that the menopausal women who had sought for support to manage menopausal symptoms had less Menopause rating scale (MRS) score compare to the others, who had not, this was statistically significant as well (P value 0.007). Almost 45% of the women took menopause negatively and awareness on menopause was very little or no idea (82.8%), largely due to lack of availability of information. More than 85% of the women were concerned about how their husbands react to this change in life. Overall lack of awareness on menopause and low education and socioeconomic status in a slum were found to have negative impact on perception and attitude towards menopause and health seeking behaviour. Improved awareness and better access to health services can improve the situation.
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    Prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients attending a tertiary care hospital
    (University of Dhaka, 2018-01-08) Sheuly, Afsana Habib
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as highly associated with tuberculosis (TB). In Bangladesh both diabetes and tuberculosis are major public health problems. Although the prevalence of TB and diabetes in Bangladesh are high, little is known about the association between the two diseases in the country. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients attending tertiary care hospital and to see the association between them. In this cross-sectional study 350 eligible TB patients participated who are selected by purposive sampling technique and study was done for 1 year from 1 June, 2014 to 31 st May, 2015. OGTT was done for those without previous history of DM and diagnosis was based on WHO criteria. Fasting and 2 hours after breakfast plasma glucose was done for previously known DM patients. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics, habitual risk factors. Anthropometric measurements with details of current treatment regimen of TB and DM were recorded. Out of 350 TB patients 70(20%)[CI 16%-24%] were found to have diabetes , of them 46 (19.4%) were male and 24 (21.2%) were female. and median age was 46 yrs (2170). For PTB, out of 175, 47 (26.9%) were found diabetic and for EPTB, of the 175, 23(13.1%) were diabetic, (p=<0.001). Family history of DM were significantly higher among DM group compare to non-DM group (p=<0.001). On Pearson correlation coefficient, a significant correlation was found between age and DM (r=0.327, p=0.001). On Binary logistic regression, family history of DM had 2.8 times more chance to developed DM (p=0.002; Odds ratio 2.812) and PTB had 2.9 times chance to developed DM (p=0.005; Odds ratio 2.973) after adjusting age, BMI, treatment category variables. The study demonstrates that diabetes mellitus is common among tuberculosis patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. The significant predictor associated with diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients was pulmonary TB.
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    Magnitude and determinants of elderly falls in a rural community of Bangladesh
    (University of Dhaka, 2018-01-10) Choudhury, Shamima
    An analytic type of case-control study was done among rural elderly people aged 60 years and above who had injury due to falls where 137 cases were from NITOR and from DMC as age and sex matched control of 274. It is aimed to determine the risk factors (socio-demographic, behavioral, environmental including morbidity related risk in particular) of elderly falls in rural Bangladesh. Data were collected through convenient sampling technique by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. To estimate the prevalence of elderly falls in rural areas of Bangladesh a secondary analysis was done on BHIS Survey data which was collected from twelve districts of Bangladesh that had been covering 46157 elderly people. In secondary analysis it was found that the prevalence of elderly fall was 10/1000 population and death due to fall was 1.6/100,000 population, in rural area of Bangladesh. Fall rate was increased by age and it was more in female than in male among all the age group. Death due to fall among female was 1.84/100,000 population which was more than male that was 1.37/100,000 population. In case control study it was found that majority of fall among male caused by accidental fall (46%) and slipping was the second cause whereas in female slipping (16%) was the commonest cause of fall followed by accidental fall (12%). Common place of fall was bathroom in age group of 65-69 years whereas bedroom fall was the most common place for individual above 75year. Strong statistical association was revealed between types of family, physical activities, foot wear, mobility difficulties, extremity disability, limitation of activities, senile cataract, COPD and urinary incontinence. The odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated for joint family (OR= 0.203, CI=0.085 – 0.484), educational level, among physical activity - brisk walking, house work, carrying load were significantly associated with elderly fall which act as protective factors whereas gardening (OR= 1.634, CI= 0.525- 5.083) act as risk factor for elderly fall. Taking medicine (OR= 1.803, CI= 0.801- 4.057), foot wear not properly fitting (OR= 3.655, CI= 3.544 – 9.022) and slick sole (OR=1.944,CI=0.406 – 2.197) were significantly associated with elderly fall. Awareness about fall (OR= 0.210, CI= 0.128 – 0.347) represents a protective factor. Among environmental risk factors, mosaic floor (OR= 1.781, CI =0.584 – 5.792), wet and slippery bathroom, place around tube well that was kaccha (OR= 1.487, CI= 0.636 – 3.476), uneven sidewalk (OR= 1.132, CI=0.368- 3.485) and slippery condition (OR= 3.018, CI= 0.561 – 16.248) are all associate with elderly fall. Among morbidity, mobility difficulties and extremity disability were significantly associated with elderly fall. Three main diseases associated with elderly falls were identified: senile cataract (OR= 1.229, CI=0.083 – 0.633), COPD (OR= 2.423, CI= 1.314- 31.400) and urinary incontinence (OR= 1.903, CI= 0.179 – 4.548). Fall prevention is a challenge to population ageing. The numbers of falls increase in magnitude as the numbers of older adults increase in many nations throughout the world. The information about the elderly falls is lacking in Bangladesh. It is important to estimate the magnitude of the elderly falls to convince policy makers to take necessary measures to address the problem. Determining the risk factors for elderly fall is also important to design appropriate interventions for prevention of elderly falls in Bangladesh.
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    Mobile sms: A tool for behaviour and life style modification in primary prevention of T2DM - A study from Karachi Pakistan
    (University of Dhaka, 2018-01-11) Siddiqui, Mansoor Ahmed
    Mobile technology is an innovative way to communicate with patients regarding diabetes education. An interventional study therefore was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mobile Short Message Service (SMS) to improve knowledge and belief regarding diabetes among patients and relatives Aim To determine the effectiveness of mobile Short Message Service (SMS) to improve knowledge and belief regarding diabetes among patients and relatives Methods This interventional study was conducted among patients with diabetes and their relatives attending the out-patient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE) a tertiary care diabetes center from July 2014 to April 2015. The study subjects were selected by systematic randomly. Registered patients' data was collected from the electronic hospital database called Health Management System (HMS) against their medical record number, while the information of relatives was collected on a predefined questionnaire by trained diabetes educator. Even number (patients and relatives) were treated as SMS Group while odd number (patients and relatives) were treated as Non-SMS Group. At baseline visit participant’s knowledge and beliefs regarding diabetes were recorded on a predesigned questionnaire followed by an educational session given to both groups on one to one basis by a trained diabetes educator. Educational intervention regarding healthy lifestyle was repeated through SMS to the SMS Group. Two messages per days were sent to the SMS Group for two months. At the end of the study, same questionnaire was used for data collection, from both SMS and Non-SMS Group. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results We assessed 1040 participants for eligibility. 520 patients and 520 relatives recruited at tertiary care center. Out of 520 patients we selected 260 as a SMS Group and 260 as a Non-SMS Group similarly out of 520 relatives we selected 260 as a SMS Group (SMS) and 260 as a Non-SMS Group (Non-SMS). After SMS messaging we found that those who was getting SMS their knowledge and beliefs of becomes significantly increased. Conclusion We conclude that mobile phone messaging is an innovative and effective technology to improve knowledge and beliefs and reduce misconceptions regarding diabetes mellitus both among patients and relatives. Further large scale studies are needed to validate our findings.