Year 2021
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Item ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENT, WATER, AND FISH OF THE TURAG RIVER, DHAKA CITY, BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) NOMAN, ABDULLAH ALMetal pollutant has a harmful effect on biological systems and does not undergo biodegradation, therefore gets accumulated in the river bed, water, and into aquatic life. The present study intends to assess the level of contamination of sediments, water, and fish by heavy metals in the Turag River flowing through the Northern and Western sides of Dhaka City. To estimate the geochemical environment of the river, five trace elements, namely Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Fe, were extracted from the freshly deposited river bed sediments, water, and fish of Turag River using a Di-acid mixer and analyzed at the Central Laboratory of the SAU using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena NovAA 400P). All the sediment and water samples were collected from eleven different locations and after preparation, samples were analyzed using standard procedure. Trace element contamination assessment reveals that the benthic sediment and water are contaminated at low to moderate levels in these areas, with a common trend of concentration of Fe>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd for sediment, Fe>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd for water, and fish. This indicates that the untreated and/or partially treated industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank might be the major sources of pollution. Results showed that metal concentration in sediment ranged between 0.11 to 3.81 mg/kg for Cd, 0.63 to 6.74 mg/kg for Pb, 43 to 201 mg/kg for Cr, 6.84 to 62.87 mg/kg for Cu, 1278 to 1831 mg/kg for Fe in the rainy season and 0.14-3.72 mg/kg for Cd, 0.34-12.85 mg/kg for Pb, 48-239 mg/kg for Cr, 22.7-49.62 mg/kg for Cu, and 1777-1885 mg/kg for Fe in the winter season. In water samples, the results also showed that metal concentrations ranged from 0.16-0.5 mg/kg for Cd, below the detection limit for Pb and Cu, 0.21-0.3 mg/kg for Cr, and 0.44-2.31 mg/kg for Fe respectively in the winter season and the metal concentrations also ranged from 0.4-3.61 for Fe, below the detection limit for Pb, Cr, Cu, and 0.04 mg/kg for Cd in one station among eleven in rai ny season which is ignorable. In the case of fish, five species have only been found during the rainy season. There is no fish was found in the winter season due to higher pollution. The average results from these species are 0.55 mg/kg for Cd, 0.28 mg/kg for Pb, 0.65 mg/kg for Cr, 3.14 mg/kg, and 894.56 mg/kg for Fe. The highest contamination degree of the sediment was noticed at Location 1 (Amin Bazar Bridge, Gabtoli) and the lowest at Location 6 (near Dhaka Ashulia Highway), and the highest degree of water contamination was noticed at location 1, and the lowest contamination degree of water is noticed at location 6 in both rainy winter season. The contamination level varies systematically with the distance from the contamination source. However, it is anticipated that the sediment, water, and aquatic ecosystem may degrade in the near future due to increasing anthropogenic inputs in the river basin, hence proper management strategies are required to control the direct dumping of wastewater in the river.Item EFFECTS OF Mg, S, Zn, Mn AND B ON GROWTH, YIELD AND OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) MD. SHAMIMUZZAMANA field experiment was conducted at the research farm and Agro-Environmental Lab, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh, during the period from November 2021 to March 2022. The experiment comprised of eight treatments viz., T 1 =Urea @ 210 g/plot +TSP@ 84g/plot + MoP@ 98g/plot+Spraying 0.2% Borax @ 2g/L of water, T 2 = BARI recommended fertilizers + Borax 7.0 g/plot + ZnSO 4 ii 8.4 g/plot in soil, T 3 = BARI recommended fertilizers + Spraying 0.5% Borax + 0.5% ZnSO 4 5g/L of water , T 4 = BARI recommended fertilizers + MgSO 4 10 g/ Plot + Spraying MnO 2 @ 2g/L of water , T 5 = BARI recommended fertilizers + Spraying Bamper Vitamix @ 2g/L of water, T 6 =BARI recommended fertilizers+Spraying 0.2% Borax @ 2g/L of water+0.2% ZnSO 4 @ 2gm/L of water, T 7 = BARI recommended fertilizers + Spraying 0.2% ZnSO 4 @ 2g/L of water and T 8 = control (e.g.: no N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn, Mn and B). Data on different growth and yield parameter were recorded and statistically significant variation was found for different treatments of secondary and micronutrients. The results of this experiment showed that, the maximum plant height (180.67 cm), number of seed per head (645.5), number of leaves per plant (23.33), leaf area (65.33 cm), length of leaf (23.88 cm), leaf width (19.88 cm), weight of total seed per plot (2.51 kg), weight of seed per head (64.55 gm), weight of single seed (0.1 g), yield (1.7 t/ha), oil content (46.53 %) and protein content (22.25 %) was obtained wth T 5 treatment. While the minimum number of leaves (12.00), number of seed per head (375.9), plant height (146.73 cm), number of total head per plot (37), weight of total seed per plot (1.18 kg), yield (0.85 ton per ha), oil content (21.28 %), weight of seed per head (26.31 gm), weight of single seed (0.07 g) and protein content (13.97 %) were recorded from the control treatment. So, it can be concluded that a combination of BARI-recommended fertilizers + spraying Bamper Vitamix @ 2gm/ L of water is suitable for sunflower cultivation.Item ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN VEGETABLES FIELD OF BOGURA DISTRICT: OVERVIEW OF POLLUTION INDICES AND RISK ASSESSMENT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) SAMMA, SADIAThe current study focused on quantifying hazardous heavy metals (Pb. Cu, and Cr) in soil-vegetables (potato, tomato, pepper, cauliflower, and cabbage) systems in different Upazilla of Bogura district in Bangladesh to assess their effect on human health and the environment. The instrumental detection method was validated according to linearity, determination co-efficient, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. All the vegetables and their field soil had Cu concentrations lower than the maximum permissible limit set by BFSA, FAO/WHO. The concentration of Cr and Pb in vegetables exceeded the maximum allowable limit, but their field soil in different Upazilla of Bogura District did not exceed the maximum allowable limit as per FAO/WHO. For contamination factor (CF), only Pb severely contaminated the vegetables (CF>6). The contamination degree (CD) data also showed that all vegetables had severe contamination. The pollution load index (PLI) results indicated vegetable field soil of Kahaloo, and Bogura Sadar had the highest PLI, while the vegetables produced in Nandigram and Dupchanchia had the lowest PLI. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) values were found ˂1 in all vegetables for Cu, Cr, and Pb indicating trace metal transfer from field soil to consumable parts. Furthermore, the potential ecological risk factor (ERi) by single metal and risk index (PERI) results revealed lower ecological risks in vegetable fields. Health risk assessment showed that all vegetable samples were unsafe for human consumption as the carcinogenic health risk (CHR˃10 ) and noncarcinogenic health risk (HI ˃1) quotients seem more than the safe level in all vegetable samples. Findings show that heavy metal concentrations were high in vegetable fields endangering the environment and consumer health. Actions should be taken to reduce heavy metal pollution in the vegetable fields of different Upazilla of Bogura district to protect the environment and the consumer's health.Item EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF FIVE BORO RICE VARIETIES(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) CHOWDHURY, MD. ASIKUR RAHMANA pot experiment was conducted at the net house of Agro-environmental chemistry laboratory of department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from December 2020 to March 2021 to study the effect of arsenic on the growth, yield and nutrients content in straw and grain of rice varieties. Five rice varieties viz. V 1 (BRRI dhan-29), V 4 (BRRI dhan-55) and V 5 ii (BR-16), V 2 (BRRI dhan-28), V 3 (BRRI hybrid dhan-5) were comprised with five arsenic treatment viz. As 0 (control; no arsenic added), As 1 soil), As 2 (10 mg As kg -1 soil), As 3 (20 mg As kg -1 soil) and As 4 (2 mg As kg (40 mg As kg soil) for the present study. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Among different rice varieties, V 5 showed better performance on growth and yield contributing parameters except plant height, leaf length and number of leaves hill -1 . Maximum grain and straw yield (19.5 g hill and 24.70 g hill -1 , respectively) were obtained from V 5 variety whereas minimum grain yield (12.76 g hill -1 ) from V 2 and straw yield (13.79 g hill -1 ) from V 4 was obtained. Arsenic had significant effect on growth and yield contributing parameters of rice and it was observed that higher doses of As showed lower performance on yield and higher As content in grain and straw. In terms of treatment combinations, V 5 showed highest number of panicles hill -1 (10.25), filled grain panicle -1 (143.40), 1000 grain weight (28.63 g), grain yield hill -1 (28.60 g) and straw yield hill (41.00 g) whereas V 3 As 4 showed minimum results. In case of nutrient content, V 5 gave maximum K (0.259%) content in grain but V 5 As 4 showed maximum S content (0.197%) whereas in straw, the maximum P (0.215%), K (1.057%) and S content (0.330%) were recorded from V 1 As 0 , V 2 As 0 and V 5 As 4 , respectively. Increased doses of As adversely affected the growth and yield of rice variety. But V 1 (BR-16) up took minimum As than other varieties and As content increased with increasing doses of it. In terms of treatment combinations, V 3 As 4 gave maximum As content in straw (230 mg/kg) and this treatment combination showed no grain yield that is why the maximum As content in grain (270.00 mg/kg) was found from V 3 As 3 . In case of As uptake, V 2 , V 3 , V 4 and V 5 was increased with the increasing amount of As addition in soil but in case of variety V 1 was not that much increased like other varieties in grain and straw. So, it was found that low or no As was recommended for successful rice cultivation.Item DETERMINATION OF TOTAL POLYPHENOL IN COMMERCIAL TEA BRANDS AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKET OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) ROY, ARNABTea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Tea leaves are a source of polyphenols which have antioxidant capacity. Fourteen marketed brands of black tea, green tea and white tea of Bangladesh (viz. Matcha green tea, Kazi and Kazi green tea,Taaza (Brooke bond), Bengal classic tea, Jafflong tea, Kazi & Kazi black tea, Ispahani premium green tea, Fresh premium tea, Jafflong green tea, Ispahani mirzapur tea , Lipton green tea, Fresh premium green tea, Twinings of Londan Black tea and Silver Needle white tea) were randomly collected from the local supermarkets to observe the amount of polyphenol in tea using UV-spectrophotometer as a tool. The research was carried out during the time from December 2020 to March 2021 at the Agro-environmental chemistry laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The contents of methanol soluble polyphenol and hot water-soluble polyphenol were determined in fourteen tea brands. Hot water extraction showed the highest polyphenol content. The contents of hot watersoluble polyphenols ranged from 32.85± 1.6 to 144.50± 18.21mg FAE/g of tea. The contents of methanol soluble or free phenolics was estimated among the fourteen tea brands of tea ranging from 9.86 ± 3.95 to 138.25 ± 15.95 mg/g of tea dry weight basis. Green teas showed the highest amount of polyphenol content. Black tea has lower polyphenol content. In relation with polyphenol green tea seems to be healthier to drink.Item OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN POULTRY FEED AND CHICKEN MEAT WITH RISK CHARACTERIZATION(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) KHAN, MD. AMITThe present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residues in poultry feed and chicken meat with risk characterization. To perform this experiment, 5 samples of layer muscle, 5 samples of layer liver, 5 samples of broiler muscle, 5 samples of broiler liver, 7 samples of local breed chicken muscle (control) and three samples of local breed liver (control) were used. So, total 30 chicken samples and 10 feed samples (5 samples of layer feed and 5 samples of broiler feed) were collected from different poultry farm of Sirajganj and Gazipur district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2020 to June, 2021. To detect Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline residues, the collected chicken and feed samples were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. In this study, 2 Layer muscle samples, 3 layer liver samples, 2 Broiler muscle samples and 2 Broiler liver samples were Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline positive whereas control muscle and liver samples were negative. Among the collected feed samples, 3 layer feed samples and 2 broiler feed samples were Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline positive but the rest of the samples showed no residue. Results showed that no chicken sample as well as no feed sample in the present study exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline.Item EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES APPLICATION TIMING ON INSECT PEST ATTACK, GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF MUSTARD(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) FARUK, MD. OMARThe present experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University research farm, Dhaka during the period from October 2020 to March 2021 to study the effect of insecticide application timing on insect pest attack growth, yield and nutrient content of mustard. Five treatments viz. T (Control; without insecticide application (control), T 1 ii 0 (Aktara; Thiamethoxam 25WG application in morning), T (Aktara; Thiamethoxam 25WG application in afternoon), T (Celcron; Profenofos 50EC application in morning) and T 4 3 (Celcron; Profenofos 50EC application in afternoon) were considered for the present study. Treatments were applied at 30 days after sowing. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The maximum effectiveness was found from the treatment Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon whereas Celcron (Profenofos) 50EC application in morning showed least performance in controlling insect of mustard compared to control. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of spray, Celcron (Profenofos) 50EC application in morning showed the lowest incidence of insect plot (18.40, 25.33, 42.67 and 63.33, respectively). In case of mortality of insect, at 24, 48 and 72 hours of spray, the highest number of dead sawfly (21.67, 14.33 and 3.33 plot 1 , respectively) and dead aphid (48.33, 33.00 and 11.33 plot -1 , respectively) was recorded from Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon but the number of dead bee (37.33, 24.33 and 7.00 plot -1 , respectively) was highest from the treatment Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in morning whereas the lowest mortality was found from the treatment Celcron (Profenofos) 50EC application in morning for sawfly and aphid but the lower mortality of bee was found from Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon and Celcron (Profenofos) 50EC application in afternoon. Similarly, the highest number of flowers plant (126.00), number of pods plant -1 (112.70), number of seeds pod -1 (37.67), 1000 seed weight (4.10 g), seed yield ha -1 (1.87 t) and % oil content (40.33%) were recorded from Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon. The maximum K content in seed (1.244%) was found from Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon compared to control. It can be concluded that the treatment Aktara (Thiamethoxam 25WG) application in afternoon showed effective performance against insect of mustard followed by Celcron (Profenofos) 50EC application in afternoon. Again, it was also observed that application of insecticide in the afternoon was more effective than application of insecticide in the morning for both the insecticide of Aktara and Celcron 50EC.Item QUANTIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND RELATED HEALTH RISKS THROUGH CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT FOODSTUFFS COLLECTED FROM FIVE DIFFERENT MARKETPLACES OF DHAKA CITY(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) HOSSAIN, AOLADThis study was designed to determine the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) status in commonly consumed foodstuffs such as, various parts of boiler and cock chicken (breast meat, leg meat, bone, liver, and brain), as well as some common foods (egg albumin, yolk, raw rice, black gram, fine and coarse lentil) collected from five different marketplaces of Dhaka city and to assess potential human health risks through the consumption of those foodstuffs. A total of 70 food samples were analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, and Cd contents by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The contents of Cu, Pb, and Cd, were found in most of the analyzed foodstuff samples that exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum allowable concentration (MAC) value. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for all heavy metals was below the corresponding maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values of Cd in egg, rice, black gram, coarse, and fine lentil samples exceeded the threshold limit (ILCR > 10 ii −4 ) for both adults and children, indicating lifetime cancer risk due to the consumption of contaminated foods. Although the threshold limit (ILCR > 10 −4 ) for selected body parts of both boiler and cock chicken was lower except bone sample. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of each heavy metal was THQ < 1.0 in all chicken and egg samples but THQ > 1.0 was observed in rice and coarse lentil samples for Fe, Pb, and Cd, indicating that consumers have potential non-cancer risk when exposed to a single heavy metal. However, hazard index (HI) values of heavy metals were greater than one in contaminated rice and coarse lentil for adults and children. Meanwhile, rice and coarse lentil samples for children emerged as potential health risks for inhabitants in the studied areas. Among the individual metals, Cu was the most dominant metal present in different foodstuffs collected from different marketplaces of Dhaka city and contributed to significant risk to the people.Item INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POTASH AND SULFUR ON GROWTH, YIELD, STORAGE LIFE AND NUTRINTS CONTENT OF BARI PIAZ-6(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) MANIK, MD. MAHMUDUL HASANAn experiment was undertaken at the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during October 2020 to June 2021 to evaluate the influence of different levels (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg K ha ii -1 ) of potash and sulfur (5, 15, 25, and 35 kg S ha -1 ) on growth, yield, storage life and nutrients content of BARI Piaz-6 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having two factors with three replications. There was no significant difference among the doses of sulfur in the plant height, neck diameter, dry foliage weight plant -1 and the percent of weight loss at 1, 2 and 3 months interval with respect to weight of bulb at harvest of BARI Piaz-6. But significant difference was observed in the leaf number, leaf length, bulb diameter, bulb height, individual bulb weight, bulb yield, the concentration of N, P, K and S in bulb of BARI Piaz-6 due to different doses of S. In case the effect of different doses of potassium showed significant variation in the above all parameters of BARI Piaz-6, where the highest and lowest results were obtained at 140 and 100 kg ha -1 potassium doses, respectively except the percent weight loss at 1, 2 and 3 months interval with respect to weight of bulb at harvest. The interaction effects of different doses of S and K significantly influenced on all growth and yield data. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf length, neck diameter, fresh foliage weight, dry foliage weight, bulb diameter, bulb height, individual bulb weight, bulb yield, and P, K, S concentration in bulb were observed at 140 kg ha -1 potassium with 35 kg ha dose of sulfur and the lowest values of these parameter were found at the lowest doses of S (5 kg S ha -1 ) and K (100 kg K ha -1 ) combination. The interaction effect of sulfur and potassium doses significantly differed the percent weight losses with respect to weight of bulb at harvest during storage at 1, 2 and 3 months interval, where the highest weight loss was (11.36 %) and the lowest values of weight loss was 6.69% at 1 month interval. In case of 2 and 3 months interval, the highest weight losses (16.77 and 22.20 %) were found respectively.Item DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXINS IN FOOD GRAINS AND PROCESSED FOODS FROM SELECTED AREAS IN BANGLADESH WITH RISK ASSESSMENT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, 2021) ISLAM, MOST. ZAKIYAThe present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin residues in rice, wheat, maize, lentil, mungbean, mustard, soybean, peanut and processed food items and to identify the sources of contamination with risk assessment. To perform this experiment, 29 samples were collected from godown, 21 samples were collected from wholesale market, 10 processed food samples were collected from departmental store. So, total 60 samples were collected from different locations of Bangladesh. The study duration was March 2020 to June 2021. Collected grain samples and processed food samples were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector to detect residues of aflatoxin (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 ). In this study, 8 godown samples (3 peanut samples, 2 maize samples, 3 lentil samples) and 1 wholesale market sample (rice) were detected with aflatoxin, whereas no processed food sample was detected positive for aflatoxin. The highest concentration of aflatoxin found in peanut (local) was 156.12 µg/kg and lowest concentration found in peanut (imported) was 0.5181 µg/kg. Results showed that among 9 samples, 4 samples (1 peanut sample, 2 maize samples and 1 lentil sample) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of aflatoxin B 1 (2 µg/kg). Among 4 samples, 3 samples (1 peanut sample, 2 maize samples) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of total aflatoxin B 1 , G 1 & G 2 (4 µg/kg) as per Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 for food. Human health risk assessment from aflatoxins exposure through rice, maize, lentil and peanut consumption from the godown and wholesale markets by adults showed no significant adverse health risk to humans.