Year 2021
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Item EVALUATION OF BETEL VINE CULTIVARS AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII CAUSING FOOT AND ROOT ROT DISEASE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA-1207, BANGLADESH, 2021-12) TASNIM, SAMIAA study was conducted at the Central Farm and at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 from July/2021 to June/2022 to isolate, identify and conduct pathogenicity test of the isolated organism and to screen out resistant cultivar(s) of betel vine against Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot and root rot disease. The causal organism of foot and root rot disease was isolated from infected root samples and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. It was mass multiplied in barley grains and its pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch’s Postulates. Nine different cultivars of betel vine viz. ChL-01 (Chuadanga Local), MoL-02 (Moheskhali Local), KiL-03 (Kishoreganj Local), SaL-04 (Satkhira Local), CuL-05 (Cumilla Local), RaL-06 (Rajshahi Local), BP07 (BARI Pan-1), BP-08 (BARI Pan-2) and BP-09 (BARI Pan-3) were evaluated against Sclerotium rolfsii by screening experiment. The results were compiled based on physio-morphological features, days required for the visual expression of mycelial growth on soil surface, days required for the appearance of 1 disease symptom, disease reactions, yield and yield contributing characters. The vegetative growth parameters and morphological features of different cultivars of betel vine varied significantly to some extent. After inoculation, the days required for the appearance of mycelial growth on soil varied noticeably. The lowest 3 days were required for Satkhira Local, BARI Pan-2 and BARI Pan-3 and the highest 10 days were required for Rajshahi Local. No mycelial growth was seen on soil in Kishoreganj Local. The appearance of 1 st disease symptoms among the betel vine cultivars differed significantly. The highest incubation period (18 days) was found in Rajshahi Local and the lowest (4 days) was found in BARI Pan-2 and BARI Pan-3. No disease symptom was noticed in Kishoreganj Local. The disease incidence ranged from 0%-100%. Among the betel vine cultivars, Kishoreganj Local showed resistant reactions while three cultivars viz. Chuadanga Local, Rajshahi Local and BARI Pan-1 showed moderately resistant reactions. Other three cultivars viz. Moheskhali Local, Satkhira Local and Cumilla Local showed moderately susceptible reactions and the rest two cultivars viz. BARI Pan-2 and BARI Pan-3 showed highly susceptible reactions against Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot and root rot disease of betel vine. CFU/gram soil was observed the highest (3.04x10 6 ) in BARI Pan-3 and the lowest (0.06x10 6 st ) in Kishoreganj Local.Item Evaluation of Different Planting Methods against Major Diseases of Selected Boro Rice Varieties(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) MOIN UDDIN, ABU JAFOR MOHAMMADThe System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an innovation that was first emerged in Madagascar in the 1980s and has now diffused to more than 50 countries. The present study was conducted as field experiment in the central farm of Sher-e-e Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) using RCBD design and the lab experiment was carried out in Molecular Biology and Plant Virology Laboratory under the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka- 1207. The experiment was carried out to adopt SRI as an alternative approach for management of major rice diseases in Bangladesh, during the period of November, 2020 to June, 2021. From the study it was revealed that all the selected planting methods gave the significantly effect on percent disease incidence (% DI) and severity (% DS) of major rice diseases viz. blast, brown spot, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight in selected boro rice varieties (BRRI dhan 28, BRRI dhan 89, BRRI dhan 92 and purple rice). The highest disease incidence and severity was recorded in conventional planting method and the lowest in basic SRI method. The moderate disease incidence and severity was recorded in modern SRI method which was statistically non-significant with Basic SRI method but significant with conventional method. However, it is necessary for further trial in different variety and AEZs as field experiment. So, it may be recommended that the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) may be alternative for management of major rice diseases.Item VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS AND POST HARVEST DISEASES OF DIFFERENT CITRUS FRUITS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) RAHMAN, MD. TOWFIQURA survey study was conducted to analyze citrus value chain and identify different citrus diseases at farm level and trader level. The survey was conducted during the periods of August 2020 to February 2021 in the Sylhet and Dhaka district of Bangladesh. Three upazillas namely Jaintapur, Khadimnagar and Sylhet Sadar were selected for collection of information on farm practices and disease faced by those area’s growers. Sylhet Kodomtoli wholesale market, Mohammadpur Krishi market, Karwan bazar and Retailer shops (Taltola, Mirpur 1, farmgate) at Dhaka city were studied for value chain at marketing. The survey revealed that citrus growing areas were increased. Most of the farmers were medium sized (46.66%) and farmers have 5-15 years’ experience in citrus cultivation. The common varieties grown in that selected areas were Elachi lemon, Zara lemon, BARI malta and Orange (BARI Komla). For transportation harvested citrus fruits, Beparies mostly used mini trucks. Traders(retailer) used van (60%) and local carts (15%) for transporting their citrus in the marketing channel. Disease incidence varied from variety to variety and upazilla to upazilla. Highest canker incidence (52%) was found in khadimnagar in Elachi lemon and highest Citrus scab incidence (31%) was found at Jaintapur in BARI malta. At post-harvest stage, highest citrus blue mold incidence (12.3%) was found in retailer shops at Dhaka city and citrus green mold incidence (16.6%) was also found in retailer shops at Dhaka city. Citrus blue mold incidence (3%) was found lowest in kodomtoli wholesale market, Sylhet district and citrus green mold disease incidence (4.1%) was found lowest at karwan bazar market, Dhaka. In our study revealed that highest marketing margin gained by retailer level for BARI malta (1254.21tk/quintal)Item FIELD RESPONSE OF KOHLRABI VARIETIES AGAINST MAJOR FUNGAL AND VIRAL DISEASES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) KHAN, TASMERYA field experiment was conducted at central farm and plant pathology lab, Shere-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 from November 2020 to March 2022 to study the field response of selected kohlrabi varieties against major fungal and viral diseases and identification, isolation of causal organisms of fungal diseases. Five varieties were selected for this experiment viz- Challenger, Goliath, Bankim, OP Hybrid and Early star, which was collected from Siddik bazar, Dhaka. The field experiment was carried out in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with four replications of each variety in Robi season. During field response, three diseases were observed at field condition, where two fungal and one viral disease identified compared with international literature. They were- Wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum), Alternaria leaf spot (caused by Alternaria brassicae) and Mosaic disease (caused by Turnip Mosaic Virus). Wilt was observed at seedling condition where variety Bankim was the most susceptible (1.25%) and lowest incidence was recorded at OP and Early star variety (0.25%). In case of Alternaria leaf spot, among five varieties Challenger showed maximum infection (87.47%) and minimum was seen in Bankim variety (64.45%). In case of growth and yield character significant variation among all varieties were found. Maximum yield was observed in variety Bankim (9.80 t/ha) and minimum yield was recorded in variety Challenger (7.46 t/ha). Respectively, Yield loss was maximum in variety challenger (45%) and minimum in Bankim (20%). In case of viral disease, TuMV had the most impact on variety challenger (8.32%) and it greatly reduced its average fruit weight resulted as 45.12 gm and lowest disease incidence was observed in variety Bankim (1.09%) and their average fruit weight leads to 119.67 gm. Considering field response against all diseases among all varieties, variety Bankim has minimum percentage of incidence against all diseases as well as it gave highest yield in both fungal and viral infections. So Bankim reflects resistance against all disease response compared to other selected varieties.Item EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE OF MOTHER SPAWN ON CONTAMINATION AND YIELD OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) MONDOL, SHUVOThe experiment was carried out during the period from November 2020 to March 2021 to find out the effect of substrate of mother spawn on contamination and productivity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Nine different treatments were used as viz. T 1 = Mustard; T 2 = Red maize; T 3 = 50% rice straw and 50% sawdust; T 4 = Millet; T 6 = Gram; T 7 = Pea; T 8 = Rice and T 9 = White maize. The experiment was laid out in single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with replications. The highest mycelium running rate of mother spawn (0.85 cm/day) was observed when the rice grain was used. The minimum duration required from incubation to completion of mycelium running of mother spawn (16.33 days) and maximum mycelium weight (4.08) was observed in rice. The minimum duration required from incubation to completion of mycelium running in yield packets (18.33), from stimulation to primordial initiation (5.89 days), from primordial initiation to 1st harvest (5.67 days) and the lowest total harvesting period (40.00 days) were found when mother spawn of rice was used. Again, the maximum number of primordia (87.33), effective fruiting body per packet (31.00), the highest length of pileus (5.17 cm) and width of pileus (7.49 cm) were found at mother spawn of rice. Oyster mushroom grown on sawdust substrates where mother spawn of rice inoculated gave the highest biological yield (175.67 g), economic yield (168.33 g) and biological efficiency (35.13%). During the cultivation period four contaminants namely Trichoderma sp. Penicillium sp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger were isolated and identified from contaminated substrates. Percent contamination of fungi gradually increased with the increase of days after stimulation. After 45 days after stimulation (DAT), packets inoculated with rice and wheat mother spawn were not contaminated. Among the treatments, the performance of mother spawn of rice was better economically as well as growth and yield performance for the cultivation of oyster mushroom.Item ASSESSMENT OF RICE BLAST INTENSITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) FATEMA, KAZI MALIHARice (Oryza sativa) is the most important staple food for majority of human population worldwide. Rice blast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important devastating disease which results complete failure of the crop under severe infection. Survey on rice blast was conducted in 12 farmer´s fields in three village of Bogura districts during Boro season 2020-2021. The incidence of rice blast in different locations varied from 3.01 to 59.92%. The highest incidence (59.92%) of blast disease was recorded from Bortola with a severity score 7 in BRRI dhan 58. The lowest incidence (3.01%) of blast disease was recorded from Bonani with a severity score 1 in BRRI dhan 28. Twenty four isolates were identified from collected neck blast sample for morphological and cultural characterization viz growth character, colony color, surface structure, shape and eleviation. The radial mycelial growth of 24 isolates were ranged from 40 to 60.67 mm at 4 DAI. The highest mycelial growth (60.66 mm) was observed in Mo22 with black color, smooth velvety surface texture, flat and regular shape at 4 DAI. On the other hand, the lowest mycelial growth was observed in Mo13 (40 mm) with brownish white color, rough cottony surface texture and regular shaped colony at 4 DAI. At 7 DAI, the highest mycelial growth (84.33 mm) was observed in Mo16 with brownish color, smooth velvety surface texture, regular, raised and good growth. On the other hand, the lowest mycelial growth (62 mm) was observed in Mo13 with whitish brown color, rough cottony surface texture, irregular shape, raised and good growth. OMA(Oat Meal Agar) found to be suitable for good growth and sporulation of all the isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae.Item ORGANIC MANAGEMENT OF WILT COMPLEX AND TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS IN SUMMER TOMATO USING BIO-AGENTS, BOTANICAL AND AGRO BIO-PRODUCTS FORTIFIED SOIL(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) ISLAM, MD. ARIFULA pot and a lab experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected bioagents (Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma harzianum, Verticillum lecanii, Beauveria bessiana), botanicals [Clerodendrum infortunatum (Vat) leaf extract, Lantana camara leaf extract, Azadiracta indica (Neem) leaf extract] and agro bioproducts (Tea wastage, Garlic powder, Mustard oil cake) against the wilt complex and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in summer tomato cultivation. The experiment was conducted at net house in the Department of Plant Pathology, Shere-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of July to October, 2021. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications and each of the treatment contains 3 pots. The total number of unit pots was 30. Summer variety ‘BARI hybrid tomato-4’ was used as a tested cultivar. Data on disease incidence and disease severity of wilt complex and TYLCV was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAT. Fungal pathogen was isolated by tissue planting method. Bacterial pathogen was isolated by dilution and streaking method. In case of wilt complex, among the selected bio–agents, the lowest disease incidence (33.33%) and severity (15%) was found in T 1 (Metarhizium anisopliae + Trichoderma harzianum) and the highest disease incidence (66.67%) and severity (20%) was found in T 3 (Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria bessiana). In case of TYLCV, the lowest disease incidence (66.67%) and severity (20%) was found in T 3 (Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria bessiana) and the highest disease incidence (100%) and severity (30%) was found in T 2 (Metarhizium anisopliae + Verticillum lecanii). From the present study, it was found that the wilt complex of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Ralstonia solanacearum that was confirmed by morphological characteristics of macro and micro conidial structures and biochemical tests viz. gram staining, motility, KOH solubility, catalase and simon’s citrate test, respectively. The performance of the treatments in respect of yield and yield contributing characters against wilt complex and TYLCV of summer tomato varied significantly. However, from the present study it may be concluded that mustard oil cake and neem leaf extract can be used as ecofriendly approach for effective management of wilt complex and Tomato Yellow Leaf curl Virus (TYLCV) in summer tomato cultivation.Item PREVALENCE OF SEED POTATO DISEASES IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES AVAILABLE IN MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) SHAROWAR, GOLAMDiseases prevalence of 19 different seed potato varieties were assessed in farmer’s production land located in Munshiganj district of Bangladesh and laboratory works were conducted in the central laboratory during October 2020 to March 2021. The tested 19 varieties were collected from BADC and those were Prada, BARI Alu40, Santana, BARI Alu-79, Innovator, Aluity, Diamant, Carollas, BARI Alu-41, BARI alu-35, BARI alu-37, Queen Anne, Granola, Asterix, Labella, Sunshine, Cardinal, Sagita, and Alkender. Data were collected on disease incidence, disease severity, plant growth, and yield contributing characteristics. Four significant diseases namely, early blight, late blight, PLRV and scab were identified. Causal agent Alternaria solani and Phytophthora infestanc were isolated from early blight and late blight infected leaves respectively. The highest early blight incidence (75%) was recorded in BARI Alu-79, Diamant and Santana, and the lowest incidence (55%) was recorded in Asterix and Sunshine after 75 DAS. The maximum severity (39%) was observed in Aluity and Prada while the lowest (24%) was observed in BARI Alu-40. The highest disease incidence (71.67%) of late blight was recorded in cardinal and Asterix while incidence was minimum (48.33%) in BARI Alu-41 and BARI Alu-79. The maximum severity (32.67%) was in Cardinal and the minimum (22.33%) was observed in BARI Alu-40. In PLRV, the highest incidence (85%) was in Labella and the lowest (23.33%) was in BARI Alu-79. The severity was the highest (34.33%) in Sagita with Labella and lowest (11%) was in BARI Alu-79. In common scab, the highest incidence (35.48%) and severity (17.85%) was observed in Diamant. However, the lowest incidence (5.52%) and severity (1.38%) were formed in Prada and Carollas variety. The highest frequency of grade C (<28mm) tuber (53.79%) was produced by Cardinal, B2 (28-44mm) tuber (57.78%) by BARI Alu-79, B1 (45-55mm) tuber (60.17%) by Innovator and A (>55mm) tuber (5.81%) by Aluity and BARI Alu-79. The counted number of tubers hill -1 was maximum (18.17%) in Cardinal and the lowest (5.63%) in Carollas followed by Aluity (5.74%), Prada (6.11%). The maximum weight (785.6 g) of tubers per hill was found to be in BARI Alu-40 followed by Sunshine (759.87 g). The lowest weight (287.05g) of tubers hill -1 was observed in BARI Alu79 followed by Diamant (384.14g). Most significantly, BARI Alu-40 was found free of PLRV and scab while being less susceptible to early blight and late blight. This variety had greater tuber hill -1 count, high proportion of medium-sized tubers, produced maximum yield and better percentage of marketable seed tubers.Item EVALUATION OF SELECTED SOYBEAN VARIETIES AGAINST SOYBEAN MOSAIC DISEASE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) RAHMAN, MD. TOHIDURAn experiment was conducted in the Central Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, to screen the resistant varieties of Soybean against Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) according to incidence and severity during the period from November 2020 to March 2021. Four soybean varieties viz. BARI Soybean-4, BARI Soybean-5, BARI Soybean-6, and Sohag, were used in this experiment by following RCBD design with three replications, data on following parameter viz. diseases incidence (%), severity (%), growth, yield, and yield contributing traits were recorded. There was significant variation found in all traits measured in field. In case of disease incidence and diseases severity, the lowest disease incidence (22.23%) as well as diseases severity (10.65 %) were found in BARI Soybean-4 whereas the highest disease incidence and diseases severity (%) were also found in Sohag that were 27.17% and 12.79 % respectively. In case of growth characteristics like plant height, the number of branches plant comprising the number of leaves, BARI Soybean-4 showed best performance over others where the highest number of leaves plant ii -1 was recorded from BARI soybean-4 (26.07). In the case of yield and yield attributing traits, the average range of pod number plant -1 varied from 25.40-43.20. Maximum pod number was recorded in BARI Soybean-4 (43.20) and maximum pod length (cm) was recorded in BARI Soybean-6 (3.38 cm). The highest number of seed pod -1 was recorded in BARI Soybean-5 (2.55) followed by the variety BARI Soybean-6 (12.56). The Maximum 100 seed weight was recorded in Sohag (12.24 g). The yield (t/ha) among the varieties ranges from 0.85 (t/ha) to 1.80 (t/ha). The maximum yield (t/ha) was recorded in BARI Soybean-6 (1.61 t/ha) and the minimum yield was also found in Sohag (1.23 t/ha). The highest yield reduction was found in Sohag (28.48%), on the other hand BARI Soybean-5 (12.88%) had the lowest yield reduction. There was a negative incidence and yield and positive relation between incidence and yield reduction. The performance of the variety BARI soybean-4 was much better than the other varieties against Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) in field whereas sohag showed worse performance against SMV.Item ASSESSMENT OF SEEDBORNE MYCOFLORA OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2021) REZA, MD. SHAMIMAn experiment was conducted in Dr. M. A Wazed Miah Central laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 during the period from June’ 2020 to December’ 2020 to detect, identify and isolating associated mycoflora in three varieties of sunflower for fullfilling the objectives with five methods viz., Blotter paper pethod, Deep freezing method, Washing test, PDA media method and Water agar plate method were used. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications for all methods. The species composition, percentage of seed infection and seeds germination percentage differed among cultivars as well as method. A total of 9 different fungal species belonging to six genera were detected from sunflower seed through five different methods. Among them BARI Sunflower 3 showed the highest infection in washing test compared to other methods. A number of fungi isolated in the present study specially those in the genera viz. Alternaria sp, Curvularia sp, Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp, Rhizopus sp, and Stemphyllum sp are known to be potent mycoflora producers. Among the fungi detected, frequency of Alternaria alternata was found significantly the highest in the all methods. The highest percentage of germination was found in BARI Sunflower 3 (86.67%) by Blotter paper method. The highest percentage of infection was found in BARI Sunflower 3 (73.33%) in both Blotter and Washing test and the percentage of dead seed after incubation was least in BARI Sunflower 3 (13.33%) by Blotter paper method. Of the five methods tested for detection of seedborne mycoflora, Blotter paper, PDA media, and Washing test were highly effective for mycoflora study.