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    CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES OF PESTICIDES AND HAZARD FREE MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER IN BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) SAHA, SUMON
    Several studies were conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during February 2016 to March 2020 to evaluate the cross-cutting issues of pesticides and hazard free management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, farmers have been facing problem in cultivation of brinjal in the field due to brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee), the most destructive insect pests of brinjal. A field survey was conducted with 310 brinjal farmers in five major brinjal growing districts. From the survey it was found that farmers of the major brinjal growing districts of Bangladesh are concerned about the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, destructive phase of BSFB and the favorable season of BSFB. 57.4% farmers under the survey used cocktail of synthetic insecticides (2-3 insecticides) against the BSFB. In Jashore region, farmers used insecticides two days interval. Beside this, the farmers were known about the hazard free management practices like using pheromone trap, biopesticides, etc. From the varietal screening it was found that, BARI Bt Brinjal-1 was most resistant cultivar against BSFB infestation, whereas BARI Begun-10 was most susceptible variety. The BARI Trap II showed the best performance resulting the lowest shoot infestation, fruit infestation by number and fruit infestation by weight (10.0, 8.08 and 9.44 percent, respectively) when it was set at canopy level in the brinjal field. The BARI Trap II also showed the best performance in producing highest fruit yield when it was set at canopy level in the brinjal field. From the comparative study of ecological and chemical approaches, it was revealed that, spraying of Marshal 20 (Carbosulfan) @ 3.0 ml/L of water at alternate 7 days interval showed the lowest fruit infestation by number, fruit infestation by weight, shoot infestation, and the highest length of healthy fruit, girth of healthy fruit, length of infested fruit, girth of infested fruit, number of bores fruit iv -1 , the highest weight of edible portion of infested fruit, the lowest weight of non-edible portion of infested fruit and yield (13.91%, 13.96%, 10.79%, 8.72 cm, 21.75 cm, 5.85 cm, 14.02 cm, 2.67 bores, 3.00 g/fruit, 0.39 g/fruit and 8.84 kg/plot, respectively) in the brinjal field. In the study of IPM packages for brinjal shoot and fruit borer management, IPM package-7 comprised of Pheromone Trap located at the canopy level @ 1 lure at 30 days interval + Spraying of Neem oil (azadirachtin) @ 3.0 ml/L and Marshal 20 EC (carbosulfan) @ 3.0 ml/L of water at alternate 7 days interval, respectively showed the best performance and found the lowest fruit infestation by number, fruit infestation by weight, shoot infestation, and the highest length of healthy fruit, girth of healthy fruit, length of infested fruit, girth of infested fruit, number of bores fruit -1 , the highest weight of edible portion of infested fruit, the lowest weight of non-edible portion of infested fruit and yield (13.76%, 14.86%, 10.85%, 8.67 cm, 22.16 cm, 5.84 cm, 13.96 cm, 1.33 bores, 0.48 kg, 0.05 kg and 8.77 kg/plot, respectively) in the brinjal field.
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME BIOPESTICIDES IN MANAGING MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT PESTS OF CABBAGE
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) CHOYON, MD. MASUDUNNABI
    An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October, 2019 to January, 2020 to evaluate some biopesticides applied against major insect pests of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Seven treatments, viz. T (Abamectin 1.2EC @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 2 ii 1 (Azadirachtin 1EC @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T (Potassium salt of fatty acid @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T (Spinosad 45SC @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 5 4 (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T (Abamectin + Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval) and T 7 6 (untreated control) were used. Among the management practices, the lowest mean infestation of cabbage leaf by cabbage caterpillar (6.00 leaves/5 plants) and diamond back moth larvae (4.48 leaves/5 plants) was found in T treated plot that reduced the highest leaf infestation over control (62.02% and 49.85 % respectively); whereas the highest infestation by cabbage caterpillar (15.80 leaves/5 plants) and diamond back moth larvae (8.93 leaves/5 plants) was found in un treated plot (T 4 ). The lowest mean incidence of cabbage caterpillar (6.82 larvae/5 plants) and diamondback moth (4.87 larvae/5 plants) was found in T that reduced highest incidence over control (50.33% and 51.90% respectively); whereas the highest values of all these parameters were achieved from untreated control treatment (T 4 ).The lowest cabbage head infestation (21.37%) was recorded in T , that gave the highest yield of cabbage (36.40 t/ha) followed by T 1 4 (34.07 t/ha). From the above study it was found that , the treatment T comprised of Spinosad 45SC @ 1 ml/L of water at 7 days interval gave the highest performance compared to all other treatments used under the present study.
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    EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING ON INCIDENCE OF PESTS AND PREDATORS IN CAULIFLOWER FIELDS
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) TINA, SIRAJUM MUNIRA
    An experiment was conducted in the central experimental field of SAU, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2019 to February, 2020 to evaluate the effect of intercropping on incidence of pests and predators in cauliflower fields. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated with three times. Seven treatments were tested for the study which are intercropped with tomato (T 1 ii ), marigold (T 2 ), garlic (T 3 ), radhuni (T 5 ), fenugreek (T 6 ) and control (sole cauliflower) (T 7 ). The results showed that, the highest insects pests was found in control field and lowest insect incidence was found in the field intercropped with coriander. Among the insect pests, whitefly was the major and found maximum number in control cauliflower field as well as intercropped fields with tomato, marigold, coriander, radhuni and fenugreek. In case of arthropod predator, field spider was major and found in control cauliflower and integrated with tomato, marigold, garlic, radhuni and fenugreek. Considering the pests reduction, T 4 performed best and reduced the number of aphid, whitefly, stripped beetle, leaf miner and diamond back moth over control (43.89%, 61.15%, 75.93%, 64.66% and 51.91%, respectively). It also reduced percent plant infestation over control (57.57%) and increased the number of predator arthropods like lady bird beetle and field spider over sole cauliflower (103.00% and 245.12%, respectively). T 4 also showed the best performance in terms of plant height, card length, card diameter and yield of cauliflower (36.45 cm, 18.23 cm, 15.37 cm and 24.71 t/ha, respectively). From this study, it can be concluded that cauliflower intercropping with coriander showed the antagonistic effect to the insect pests of cauliflower and also showed positive effect on the yield of cauliflower than the sole cultivation.
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    BIORATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF BLACKGRAM
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) HOSSAIN, FARHANA
    A field experiment was guided by RCBD trial with three replications during the period from September to November, 2019 at the Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka to study the biorational management of major insect pests of blackgram. Blackgram variety BARI mash-3 (Hemantoo) was used as planting materials for the study. The experiment consists of seven treatments as T 1 = spinosad @0.5 ml/l of water at 10 days interval, T 2 =emamectin benzoate @1.0 ml/l of water at 10 days interval, T 3 = lufeneuron @0.2 g/l of water at 10 days interval, T 4 = matrine @1 ml/l of water at 10 days interval at, T 5 = thiamethoxam @0.5g /l of water at 10 days interval, T 6 = neem seed kernel @5 g/l of water at 10 days interval & T 7 = Untreated control. Major insect pests found were aphid, white fly, stemfly, stink bug, jassid, flea beetle and pod borer. The lowest number of aphid per plant (3.30) was found from T 1 , while the highest (16.53) from T 7 . The lowest number of whitefly per 10 leaves (4.03) was found from T 5 , whereas the highest (13.60) from T 7 . The lowest number of stemfly infestation per plant (2.10) was found from T 1 , while the highest (7.70) from T 7 . The lowest number of stink bug per plant (1.10) was found from T 1 , while the highest (4.33) from T 7 . The lowest number of jassid per 10 leaves (1.07) was found from T 1 , while the highest (4.33) from T 7 . The lowest number of flea beetle per plant (2.30) was found from T 1 , while the highest (9.40) from T 7 . The lowest number of flea beetle infested leaf (2.00) was found from T 1 ii , while the highest (9.90) from T 7 . At early pod development stage, the lowest infestation (2.59%) was recorded in T 1 treatment, whereas the highest infestation (15.60%) in T 7 treatment. At late pod development stage, the lowest infestation (3.31%) was recorded in T 1 treatment but the highest (14.19%) in T 7 treatment. The highest yield (1.84 ton/ha) was recorded in T 1 treatment, whereas the lowest (1.16 ton/ha) in T 7 treatment. The highest benefit cost ratio (2.31) was estimated for T 1 treatment, while the lowest (1.28) from T 4 treatment. Neem seed kernel @5 g/l of water at 10 days interval treatment was less effective against most of the insects in terms of number of insects and percent reduction of insect pests but it showed better performance than some of the chemical insecticide. It reduced 63.31% aphid, 33.7% whitefly,34.39% stemfly infestation, 14.26% stink bug, 75.30% jassid, 40.38% flea beetle, 44.67% flea beetle infested leaf, 18.38% pod borer infestation at early stage and 45.94% pod borer attack at late pod development stage. It was revealed that Spinosad @0.5 ml/l of water at 10 days interval was more effective against the major insect pests of blackgram.
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    MANAGEMENT OF VEGETABLE LEAF MINER IN TOMATO USING BIOPESTICIDES AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) RANI, PREUNKA
    The experiment was conducted in the experimental central field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Bangladesh during the period from October 2018 to March, 2019 to evaluate the abundance of vegetable leaf miner and their control measures in the tomato. The experiment was comprised in a Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCBD) with three replications .The treatments, viz. T of water, T 2 = Avermectin 1.8EC @ 1.0 ml L -1 of water, T 3 1 = Tracer 45SC @ 0.5 ml L = Calden 45SC @ 2.0 ml L of water, T 4 = Confidor 17.80 SL @ 0.5 ml L -1 of water,T 5 = Bombard 10EC @ 1.0 ml L of water, T 6 = Sevin 85WP @ 2.0 g L -1 of water, T 7 = Neem oil @ 3.0 ml L -1 = Untreated control were applied. Infestation status and number of mine leaf of water and T -1 due to attack of vegetable leaf miner (Lyriomyza sativa) was found in the experimental field. It was observed that T treatment was best in controlling vegetable leaf miner infestation in tomato based on the lowest percent of leaves infestation during early, mid and late stages 2.47%, 2.08%, 1.75% 4 was observed in T treatment where the highest percent of leaves infestation (15.16%, 13.41%, 12.18%) was observed in T 4 8 treatment. The lowest number of mine leaf was observed in T 4 (spraying of 0.5 ml L -1 of Confidor 17. 80SL at 15 days interval) and the highest number of mine leaf -1 was observed in T (untreated control) treatment. The lowest total fruit yield (18.74 t ha -1 ) was observed T 8 8 treatment while the highest total fruit yield (22.20 t ha -1 ) was observed in T 4 treatment. In T treatment provided the best performance in yield production of the experiment.
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    SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, INFESTATION INTENSITY OF PAPAYA MEALYBUG IN DHAKA AND ITS CHEMICAL CONTROL
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) DIGONTY, NUSHRAT JAHAN
    The survey was conducted in five locations (Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Mirpur- 1, Mirpur-2 and Kallyanpur) of Dhaka, Bangladesh and the experiment was conducted at the laboratory and field of SAU during the period from February, 2019 to December, 2019 to study the seasonal abundance, infestation intensity of papaya mealybug and its chemical control. Highest leaf infestation (48.10 %) and highest branch infestation (61.29 %) were found in SAU. Highest stem infestation (83.33 %) was found in Mirpur-2 and Mirpur-1 had moderate twig infestation (63.33 %) but highest inflorescence infestation was 84.85 %. Highest fruit infestation (75.00 %) was found in Kallyanpur. It was observed that the infestation was highest during March in all the locations. The infestation decreased during the month of November in all the locations. Regarding chemical control the experiment consisted of seven chemical insecticides treatments tested against papaya mealybug both in laboratory and field viz. T 1 = Abamectin 1.8 EC, T 2 = Chlorpyrifos (Dursban Pro), T = Dimethoate 30 EC, T 4 = Imidacloprid 200 SL, T 5 = Fipronil (Regent), T 6 = Spinosad 2.5 SC and T = Bioneem Plus (Azadiractin). Among all the applied chemical insecticides Fipronil showed the best performance on control of the mealybug of papaya in laboratory and Bioneem Plus showed the best performance in both laboratory and field. In laboratory after 72 hr of spray, highest mortality was found in spraying of Fipronil (99.50 %) which was statistically similar to Bioneem Plus (99.50 %), Imidacloprid (98.50 %) and Spinosad (97.50 %). Lowest mortality was found in spraying of Abamectin (95.50 %) which was similar to spraying of Chlorpyrifos (95.50%). In field at seedling stage of papaya plant after 72 hr of spray, highest mortality was found in spraying of Bioneem Plus (94.92 %) which was statistically similar to Fipronil (94.83 %) and Imidacloprid (93.68 %). Lowest mortality was found in spraying of Abamectin (86.67 %). In field at mature stage of papaya plant after 72 hr of spray, highest mortality was found in spraying of Bioneem Plus (90.91 %) which was statistically similar to Abamectin (88.77 %), Spinosad (88.33 %) and Imidacloprid (87.60 %). Lowest mortality was found in spraying of Fipronil (84.18 %). Similar trend was observed after 24 hr of spray at mature stage of papaya plant but after 72 hr of spray Bioneem Plus gave the best result. No relation was observed in the infestation of leaf, branch, stem, twig, inflorescence and fruit at different locations.
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    BIORATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF MOSQUITO LARVAE IN BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) HOSSAIN, SAWGAT
    The present study evaluated the efficacy of nine larvicides for bio-rational management of mosquito larvae in Bangladesh from 30 September 2018 to 11 February 2019. Experiment was conducted in the laboratory of SAU and insecticides used in this experiment are spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, pyrazine, buprofezin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, temephos, neem seed kernel extract, neem leaf extract at different concentration. Dosages used in this experiment were; spinosad (dose:1 ppm, 2 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 pmm), cyfluthrin (dose: 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 pmm), lambda-cyhalothrin (dose:1 ppm, 2 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 pmm), pyrazine (dose: 25 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 160 ppm), emamectin-benzoate (dose: 25 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 160 ppm), buprofezin (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm) temephos (10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, 1 ppm) and two botanical as neem leaf extract(dosages: 30000 ppm, 50000 ppm, 100000 ppm, 200000 ppm) and neem seed kernel extract(dose:1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 5 ppm,10 ppm). Of the nine larvicides tested lambda-cyhalothrin gave the lowest median lethal concentration of LC 0.000848 thereafter temephos gave second lowest median lethal concentration of LC 50 0.00114 after 48 hours and spinosad gave third lowest median lethal concentration of LC 50 0.00433. It was followed by cyfluthrin with LC 50 1.1067, buprofezin with LC 50 50 1.7650, neem seed kernel with LC 50 2.3360, pyrazine with LC 50 6.0700, emamectin-benzoate with LC 7.5823 and neem leaf extract gave median lethal concentration of LC 10534. From the study it was revealed that order of toxicity of nine larvicides is lambda-cyhalothrin > temephos > spinosad > cyfluthrin > buprofezin > neem seed kernel extract > pyrazine > emamectin -benzoate > neem leaf extract. Mortality percentage also calculated to find out the efficacy of nine larvicides. Lambda-cyhalothrin and temephos gave highest mortality percentage of 100% after 48 hour. From the study we found the order of mortality percentage of nine larvicides is lambda-cyhalothrin > temephos > spinosad > pyrazine > emamectin-benzoate > buprofezin > neem seed kernel extract > neem leaf extract > cyfluthrin. Considering environmental safety temephos and spinosad could be effectively used for mosquito larvae control in stagnant water bodies and lambda-cyhalothrin in small containers retaining water temporarily with appropriate dosages.
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME BOTANICALS IN CONTROLLING MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT PESTS OF SUMMER CABBAGE
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) HOSSAIN, MD. EMAM
    An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from May, 2018 to September, 2018 to evaluate some botanicals applied against major insect pests of summer cabbage. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications .Seven treatments, viz., T 1 (Mahogany seed kernel extract @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 2 (Tobacco leaf extract @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 3 (Garlic extract @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 4 (Neem leaf extract @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 5 (Neem seed kernel extract @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval); T 6 (Neem oil @ 3.0 ml/L of water at 7 days interval) and T 7 (untreated control) were used. Among the management practices, the lowest mean infestation of cabbage leaf by semi-looper (4.79 leaves/5 plants), tobacco caterpillar (6.25 leaves/5 plants) and diamond back moth larvae 4.39 leaves/5 plants) was found in T 6 that reduced highest leaf infestation over control (59.40%, 61.73% and 68.03% respectively); whereas the highest infestation by semi-looper (11.80 leaves/5 plants), tobacco caterpillar (16.33 leaves/5 plants) and diamond back moth larvae (13.73 leaves/5 plants) was found in T 7. The lowest mean incidence of semi-looper (5.47 larvae/5 plants), tobacco caterpillar (9.17 larvae/5 plants) and diamondback moth (3.30 larvae/5 plants) was found in T 6 that reduced highest incidence over control (65.09%, 49.97% and 66.57% respectively); whereas the highest values of all these parameters were recorded from untreated control treatment (T 7 ).The lowest cabbage head infestation(13.00%) was recorded in T 6 , that gave the highest yield of cabbage (36.50 tha -1 ) followed by T 4 (31.83 tha -1 ). From the study it was found that there is a strong negative relationship between leaf infestation intensity and single head weight and between leaf infestation intensity and yield (tha ) of cabbage. Moreover, a strong negative relationship was observed between percent head infestation and weight of individual head at harvest.
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    DAMAGE SEVERITY OF MAJOR INSECT PEST OF YARD LONG BEAN AND THEIR ECO-FRIEDLY MANAGEMENT
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) CHOUDHURY, JANNAT ARA
    The study was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during the period from November, 2018 to march, 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of some botanicals and to manage major insect pest on yard long bean. The seeds of Yard long bean variety BARI borboti-1 were used as the test crop in this experiment. The experiment comprised of the following botanicals as treatment- T 1 : Garlic bulb extract @ 5 ml per liter of water at an interval of 7 days; T : Neem leaf extract @ 5 ml per liter of water at 7 days interval; T : Datura seeds extract @ 5 ml per liter of water at 7 days interval; T 4 3 : Black pepper seed extract @ 5ml per liter of water at an interval of 7 days; T : Mahogany seed extract @ 5 ml per liter of water at an interval of 7 days; T 6 5 : Tobacco leaf extract @ 5 ml per liter of water at an interval of 7 days and T : Untreated control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Recorded data showed statistically significant variation for different treatments. At early pod development stage, the lowest percentage of infested pods per selected plants in number and weight basis was observed from T 6 7 (7.63% and 3.69%)) treatment, again the highest percentage of infested pods (29.99% and 24.18%) was recorded in T treatment. At mid pod development stage, the lowest infested pods per selected plants in number and weight basis was observed from T 6 7 (4.19% and 7.63%) treatment, whereas the highest infested pods (17.44%and 21.56%) was recorded in T . At late pod development stage, the lowest infested pods per selected plants in number and weight basis was observed from T 7 (5.33% and 9.40%) treatment again the highest infested pods (16.14% and 21.58%) was recorded in T 6 treatment. The highest yield was recorded from T 6 (16.57 t/ha), whereas the lowest yield from T (11.60 t/ha) treatment. Botanical extracts had significant effects on yield of yard long beans. Tobacco extract treated plants produced the greatest number and biomass of yard-long beans; the treatment was followed by neem, garlic and mahogany. The latter two treatments did not show significant effect.
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    BEEKEEPING IN LALMAI HILL AREAS OF CUMILLA: POTENTALS AND PROBLEMS
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2020) NURJAHAN, MIM
    The purpose of the study was to explore the biology of honey bee diversity and Beekeeping potentials and problems of the Lalmai-Moynamoti Hill area of Cumilla. Data were collected from 200 beekeepers by performing a questionnaire survey, key informant interview, focused group discussion, and case study from November 2018 to May 2020. The findings revealed that there were 98% cultivated Apis mellifera and only 2% explored as wild honeybees. About 93.5% of the farmers stated that beekeeping is profitable whereas other 6.5 % said it is not profitable,76% provided artificial food support to their bee box in the offseason and 22% did not provide any artificial food and 100% of the beekeepers didn’t face any bee disease but 22% beekeepers lost their bees due to poor management and scarcity of food supply during dearth period. The study revealed a piece of astonishing information about the potentials of beekeeping in the terms of yield increment of corps and homestead plants of the farmers due to bee-keeping as most of them acknowledged that they got two to three times more yield of homestead fruit plants and crops after starting beekeeping.