Dept. of Parasitology

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INVESTIGATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF SCAVENGING DUCKS AT SADAR UPZILLA IN SYLHET DISTRICT
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2014-12) Hossain, Billal
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of parasites of domestic duck (Anas boschus domesticus) under scavenging system of rearing in Sadar upazilla in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. For detail study, 192 ducks of different ages and sexes were collected from different areas of Sadar upazilla in Sylhet district and routine autopsy was done to collect the parasites. During the study 63.54% of ducks were found positive to at least one type of parasitic infection, which was then classified as 51.04% to trematode, 32.08% to cestode infection. At present investigation, parasites of 6 different genera were recorded consisting of 4 genera of trematode, 2 genera of cestode. Among the trematode parasites the prevalence of Echinostoma sp. (43.23%); Amphimerus sp. (30.20%); Catatropis sp. (19.79%); Hypodareum sp. (14.06%) and where is cestodes Hymenolepis sp. (22.91%), Fimbriaria sp. (11.97%). The overall prevalence of parasite varies significantly between male and female resulting higher prevalence in male (65.62%) than in female (61.45%). The prevalence of parasites increases significantly with the increase of host age 70.31% in older group (>12 month), 64.00% in middle age group (6-12 month) and 57.12% in younger group (<6 month). The interaction effects of age and sex on parasite was found insignificant which indicates no correlation of these factors on parasitic population in domestic duck. Thus, through the present study, it can be said that the parasitic infestation may be the major threats in domestic duck under scavenging system in Sadar Upazilla in Sylhet, Bangladesh.
INVESTIGATION OF PARASITES OF PIGEONS IN SYLHET METROPOLITAN
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2014-12) DATTA, REAL
A study was performed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infestations among domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Sylhet Metropolitan Areas from February 2014 to October 2014. A total of 200 pigeons were examined (100 adults and 100 squabs) to detect the presence of different species of parasites. The study recorded six different parasite species. These included: 3 species of ecto-parasites, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Columbicola columbae, Menopon gallinae; one species of nematode, Ascaradia galli, one species of cestode Raillietina sp, and one species of blood protozoa; Haemoproteus columbae. However, no species of trematode were recorded. Among three different species of ectoparasites, the highest infestation was caused by Columbicola columbae (56%), compared to Menopon gallinae (42%) and Pseudolynchia canariensis (8%). Furthermore, adult pigeons (90%) were found more susceptible to ectoparasitic infestation than squabs (56%). Out of 200 pigeons examined, 146 pigeons were found to be infested with ectoparasites (73%), 108 with gastrointestinal parasites (54%) and 16 were blood protozoa (8%). In addition, association between occurrence of different parasites revealed that adults were more susceptible to all kinds of parasites than squabs except Ascaridia galli. In case of Ascaridia galli, young pigeons were more susceptible than adult birds which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). This study recorded only one type of blood protozoa namely Haemoproteus columbae (8%). However, these findings revealed that the age of birds and sanitation is an important factor for presence of parasites. In conclusion, this study gave an overall idea about the presence of pigeon parasites in Sylhet Metropolitan Areas. Further studies are recommended in assessing the effects of parasites on pigeons, the economic loss due to parasitic infestations which in turn will help to take essential steps to control of such parasites.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON LIVE WEIGHT, BODY CONDITION SCORE AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERSOF CALVES UNDER INTENSIVE FARMING SYSTEM
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) UDDIN, A. J. M. SALAH
It is a comprehensive study on Effect of Nutrition on Live Weight, Body Condition Score and Haematological Parameters of Calves under Intensive Farming System. In order to investigate associations between individual calf parameters and/or nutrition management practices and calf body weight (BW) attainment in intensive farms in Bangladesh, a prospective study was carried out at 3 commercial dairy farms in Sylhet district and included 90 crossbred calves. Information on feeding management factors were collected by personal observation and interview during four visits. At each visit, BW assessments were conducted by the same veterinarian. Blood samples were collected. Body Condition Score was measured in the first and fourth visit. The blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters, total erythrocyte count (TEC), blood haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Low BW was associated with imbalanced, traditional calf starter fed to calves; calves kept under commercial Bovino Calf Starter and standard calf feed stated in the Text Book of Animal Husbandry by Banerjee (2005) shown quite similar result and advanced from the traditional practice result. It was observed that there was some effect of nutrition on hematological parameters (TEC, PCV, ESR), more in the blood hemoglobin level. Low hemoglobin concentrations were associated with retarded growth. These findings identified and quantified some critical factors that can guide farmers in improving calf performance on intensive dairy farms in Bangladesh. In conclusion, appropriate changes feeding would also be expected to improve productivity.
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE PROTEIN AND MULTIVITAMIN ON GROWTH AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) BHUYAN, A.F.M. EHSANUL KABIR
The experiment was conducted on “Cobb 500” broiler chicks to investigate the effects of concentrate protein and multivitamin supplementation on body weight, hematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (AST and ALT) parameters. A total of 20, day old broiler chicks were allowed to take rest for 14 days for the adaptation and supplied with normal diet and water. After day 14 they were randomly divided into four equal groups (N=5) and marked them as group T0, T1, T2 and T3. Group T0 was kept as control and fed with only normal diet for 21 days but the group T1, T2 and T3 were treated with supplementation of protein (Jasoprot®, protein concentrate 60%), supplementation of 0.5 gm vitamin/liter (Rena WS) drinking water & supplementation of protein and 0.5 gm multivitamin with normal diet for 21 days respectively. Body weight as gm of broiler chicks was measured on the day 15 of age (1 day of experiment) and sequentially at 7 days interval up to the end of the experiment up to day 36 of age (21 st day of experiment). For the hematobiochemical examinations, blood samples were collected from the randomly selected 5 (i.e. n = 5) birds from each and every group at the end of experiment on day 36 of age (21 st day of experiment). On day 36 of age (21 st day of experiment) the body weight in control group T0 was 1949.00±33.62 gm and in the treated groups were 2042.60±7.99 gm, 2115.00±7.91 gm and 2240.00±7.90 gm respectively. It was observed that body weight were increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) as compared to control group T0. TEC and Hb content also increased significantly (p<0.01) in all the treatment groups as compared to control group. But the ESR, AST st and ALT values were decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treatment groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that combined supplementation of protein and multivitamin had better performance in terms of body weight gain and hematobiochemical parameters without any detrimental effects in broilers.
EFFECTS OF SULPHUR CONTAINING AMINO ACID AND COPPER ON GROWTH AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) KARIM, MD. REZAUL
The present research was undertaken on “Cobb 500 (Nourish Farms)” broilers to observe the effect of copper and sulphur containing amino acid on growth (body weight and organ weight), hematological (TEC, ESR, PCV and Hb) and biochemical parameters e.g. aspertate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) of growing broilers. Twenty one days old of 20 broilers were assigned into 4 groups (n=5) – T0, T1, T2 and T3. Birds of group T0 was considered as control and fed with only standard commercial broiler ration, Group T1 was supplemented with 10% amino acid, Group T2 with copper sulfate (400 ppm) and Group T3 was treated with 10% amino acid and copper sulfate (400 ppm). Pure drinking water was made available for the birds. Both the body and selective organ/weights increased significantly (p<0.05)/5 in group T1 and T2. The haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content increased significantly (p<0.01) in all treated groups. Significantly decreased (p<0.01) Aspertate amino transferase and Alanine amino transferase are observed in group T2. The results of the present work revealed that copper sulfate and sulphur containing amino acid supplementation have positive effect on growth and haematological parameters (total erythrocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content) and serum amino transferases.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL PROTEIN AND GROWTH PROMOTER ANTIBIOTICS ON GROWTH AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) DEB, DIPON
Broiler chicks (COBB 500) were used to evaluate the effect of protein and growth promoter antibiotic (GPA) supplementation on growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters. A total of 20, 9 days old boiler chicks in four different groups (n=5) with an initial body weight of 251±2.98 gm were used. Group A was considered as control and fed with standard commercial boiler ration. Group B was supplemented with protein concentrated. Group C, growth promoter antibiotic (GPA) and Group D with protein and GPA combined for next 21 days. The body weight of different groups of birds were increased significantly (p<0.0l) in all treated groups in respect to control and highest weight gain was recorded in (Group D) supplemented with protein and GPA. The meat weight and weights of some selective organs (viscera, abdominal fat and skin) at the end of the experiment were significantly (p<0.01) different. Both single and combined supplementation of protein and GPA increased total RBC andHb concentration (p<0.01) and PCV (p<0.05) compared to control. The highest RBC, Hb and PCV were found in the combined protein and GPA supplemented group. The serum ALT level was decreased significantly (p<0.01) in treatment groups compared to control. Urea level was increased significantly (p< 0.01) in each treatment groups compare to control. Supplementation of only protein (Group B) resulted in higher serum urea level compared to GPA (Group C) and combined supplementation of protein and GPA (Group D). The present study revealed that combined supplementation of protein and GPA gives better performance in broiler production.
EFFECTS OF FEED ADDITIVES ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF KHAKI CAMBEL IN KULIARCHAR UPAZILLA OF KISHORGONJ DISTRICT
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) HASAN, MD. RIADUL
Duck population in Bangladesh has been reported to be 45.12 million (BER 2012) mostly of indigenous type although genetic dilution in some regions has occurred due to distribution of high yielding breeds or strains. Khaki Campbell duck being an important poultry species can contribute efficiently in increasing egg and meat production in the Kuliarchar Upazilla, Kishoreganj district. The study was carried out in Kuliarchar upazilla, Kishoreganj during the period of August 2014 to May 2015. A total of 120 female day-old ducklings (Khaki Campbell) were procured from the local farmer from Kuliarchor Upazilla. The ducklings were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups that is group A, group B, group C and group D (untreated control). Group A, group B, and group C were treated by Digester respectively which is marketed by ACI animal health Limited. Digester ® , Vitapoultry ® , Alqurzim ® is one of the best vitamin and mineral premix which enhance the growth rate, egg production as well as meat production of the poultry. Alqurzim ® is a probiotics which enhance the growth of the animal. Vitapoultry ® ® helps in improving the digestibility of the poultry. All ingradients were supplied 2g/kg feed daily. The individual body weight of ducklings was recorded. Body weight was increased day by day with the helping of feed additives. Digester had direct effects on the growth of ducklings. The weight was higher in group B treated by Vitapoultry ® , Vitapoultry ® , Alqurzim ® in every stage of weighing compare with other. The body weight of control group was lower than the treated group. There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the treated group and control group. The egg production of Khaki Campbell ducks recorded at 24-28 weeks, 28-32 weeks, 32-36 weeks, 36-40 weeks of age at group A, group B, group C and group D were 19.70±0.64, 19.78±0.61, 18.76±0.56, 18.51±1.25; 22.81±0.67, 22.67±0.70, 23.56±0.87, 21.56±0.67; 18.44±0.45, 20.09±0.38, 17.91±0.56, 17.62±0.26; 14.61±0.69, 15.83±1.65, 15.16±0.46, 14.42±0.79 number respectively. There was a significant difference (p< 0.01) between the treated group and control group in 32-36 weeks of age. The weight of the egg of treated group was higher than the control group. The onset of puberty of Khaki Campbell recorded at group A, group B, group C and group D were ® 23.9±0.12, 22.54±0.17, 23.14±0.57, 24.14±0.61 weeks respectively. The fertility of egg (%) of Khaki Campbell recorded at group A, B, C and D were 83.78±0.57, 85.44±2.46, 84.28±0.24 and 78.49±2.74 respectively. The Hatchability (%) of Khaki Campbell recorded at group A, B, C and D were 67.27±8.09, 68.16±7.68, 64.94±0.97, 58.85±3.83. The hatchability (%) highest in treated groups compared with the control group. Feed additives had tremendous result both productive and reproductive performance of Khaki Campbell duck compared with control group in Kuliarchar Upazilla, Kishoreganj district. Specifically Vitapoultry had very good result when mixed with the basal feed and provided daily to the duck. So, my recommendation is to use viatamin, mineral and amino acid containing feed additives with basal feed for enhancing the productive and reproductive performance not Khaki Campbell but all other breeds of duck in Bangladesh. Further studies need to develop an appropriate implementation of using feed additives with basal feed in ducks in Bangladesh. ®
EFFECTS OF ENZYMES, PROBIOTICS AND LIVER TONIC ON LIVE WEIGHT AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) SIDDIQUI, SHARIF HASAN
The experiment was conducted on “Cobb 500” broiler chicks to investigate the effects of probiotics, enzymes and liver tonic supplementation on live weight and hematobiochemical parameters (TEC, Hb concentration, PCV, ESR, TLC, AST and ALT). A total of 250 day-old broiler chicks were allowed to take rest for 13 days for the adaptation and supplied with normal diet and water. After day 13 they were randomly divided into four equal groups (N=50) and marked them as group T0, T1, T2 and T3. Broiler chicks of group T0 were kept as control and fed with only the commercial broiler ration and fresh drinking water for 21 days but the group T1, T2 and T3 were treated with probiotics (Protexin ) @ 1gm/L, probiotics (Protexin ® ) @ 1gm/L, enzymes (Alquerzim ® ) @ 1 gm/L plus liver tonic (Livavit ® ) @ 1gm/L plus enzymes (Alquerzim ® ® ) @ 1ml/L drinking water with normal diet for 21 days respectively. Live weight as gm of broiler chicks were measured on the day 14 of age (1 day of experiment) and sequentially at 7 days interval up to the end of the experiment (day 35 of age i.e21 st day of experiment). For the hematobiochemical examinations, blood samples were collected from the randomly selected 10 (i.e. n = 10) birds from each and every group at the end of experiment on day 35 of age (21 st day of experiment). It was observed that live weight were increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treatment groups(T1, T2 and T3) as compared to control group T0. TEC, Hb concentration and PCV were increased significantly (p<0.01) but the ESR and TLC significantly (p<0.01) decreased in all the treatment groups as compared to control group st T0. Serum biochemical parameters like AST and ALT values were also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the treatment groupsas compared to control group T0. Therefore, it may be concluded that additional probiotics, enzymes and liver tonic supplementation had better performance in terms of live weight gain and hematobiochemical parameters without any detrimental effects in broilers.
OCCURRENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PROTOZOA IN PIGS IN SELECTED AREAS OF GAZIPUR DISTRICT
(Dept. of Parasitology, 2015-06) AKTHER, MUSAMMAT BEAUTY
The investigation was carried out in Gazipur district from November, 2014 to June, 2015 and 100 faecal samples were examined by direct flotation and sedimentation techniques. Faecal samples examination revealed that 49% animals were infected with enteric protozoa irrespective of age and sex. In the present study, 5 types of enteric protozoa were identified, of them Eimeria spp. (35%), Isospora suis (5%), Balantidium coli (3%), Entamoeba suis (4%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (2%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in relation to age and sex were examined. In age groups, significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence was found in growers (71.04%) and adults (52.18%) than piglets (25.63%). There was no significant difference between infection rates on male and female (p>0.05). It is concluded that pigs are highly susceptible to parasitic infection in Gazipur Districts, which has serious effect. The present study is not emphasized on the thorough epidemiological parameters of parasitic infection which is essential for planning effective control strategies against protozoal infection.