Year 2019

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    MITIGATION OF SALT-INDUCED DAMAGES IN WHEAT BY EXOGENOUS APPLICATION WITH ASCORBIC ACID, SILICON AND GIBBERELLIN
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2019) ISLAM, SHAHIDUL
    Considering the salinity issue three studies were conducted to find out the effect of salt stress on morph-physiological and biochemical changes of wheat (BARI Gom26) as well as mitigation of the adverse effect through exogenous application of Ascorbic Acid (AsA), Silicon (Si) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3). The performances of secondary seeds were also evaluated. The studies were conducted at the net house and plant physiology laboratory of Agronomy department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In field experiment, four levels of salt stress (0, 50, 80, 120 mM NaCl) were applied on growing media of wheat seedling at 20 days after sowing and grown up to harvest where in laboratory experiment salinity were applied 3 days after sowing grown upto 10 days. In both experiments AsA (2 mM ascorbic acid), Si (200 µM SiO 2 ), GA3 (100 µM gibberallic acid) were applied as foliar spraying (several times with interval) in another set of respective salt stress treatments. In field study salt stress decreased plant growth, biomass, water status and yield attributes by altering ionic balance, hampering osmotic status and reducing chlorophyll (chl) content. In the laboratory experiment, salt stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation which contributes to alteration of osmotic status and chl content as well as growth and biomass of the plant. However, foliar application of AsA, Si and GA3 on salt affected plant decreased ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and proline production; increased water status and chlorophyll pigments which contribute in improved growth and yield of wheat seedling in contrast to respective stress. Moreover, the findings of the third experiment confirmed that AsA, Si and GA3 enhanced the performance of secondary seeds originated from the first experiment. Considering the results of all experiments GA3 performed better than the AsA and Si in mitigating salt stress.
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    ADAPTABILITY OF WHITE MAIZE AND MITIGATION OF WATER STRESS BY ANTITRANSPIRANT
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2019) FATIMA, KANIZ
    Six trials with eight varieties of white maize viz. PSC-121, KS-510, Changnuo-1, Q- Xiangnuo-1, Changnuo-6, Yangnuo-3000, Yangnuo-7 and Yangnuo-30 were carried out at three different sites viz. SAU (Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University); Dhamrai and Rangpur Sadar of Bangladesh during Rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to investigate adaptability and water stress mitigation. In the first year at SAU, significantly higher grain yields were found in five varieties, PSC-121 (8.26 t ha iv -1 ), Q-Xiangnuo-1 (7.17 t ha ), Changnuo-1 (8.62 t ha -1 ), Changnuo-6 (8.52 t ha -1 ) and Yangnuo-30 (8.35 t ha ) but at Dhamrai, the higher yields were produced by PSC-121 (8.59 t ha -1 -1 ), KS-510 (8.81 t ha ), Changnuo-1 (8.24 t ha -1 ) and Changnuo-6 (9.13 t ha -1 ) and at Rangpur by Changnuo-1 (6.65 t ha -1 ) and Q-Xingnuo-1 (6.14 t ha -1 ). In the second year, PSC-121 at SAU, Changnuo-1 both at Dhamrai and Rangpur gave significantly the highest grain yields of 10.31, 8.45 and 12.15 t ha -1 respectively. Changnuo-1 at all the sites, while PSC-121 at SAU was the second best performer. The least seed yields were obtained from Yangnuo7 (3.76 - 6.74 t ha -1 ). Drought imposing trial on six varieties namely PSC-121, Changnuo1, Changnuo-6, Yungnuo-3000, Yungnuo-7 and Yungnuo-30 was conducted under varying irrigation regimes, viz. no watering from 80 days after sowing (DAS) to harvesting, no watering from 100 DAS to harvesting and control (with irrigation at every day) where grain yield reduced drastically to almost half (3.44 t ha -1 ) when watering was stopped from 80 DAS compared to the control (6.57 t ha -1 ). Changnuo-1 was found to be the most drought tolerant variety, which yielded 5.96 t ha -1 . In the antitranspirant trial, two varieties namely V 1 - PSC-121 and V 2 = Changnuo-1 were tested under four concentrations of Kaolin (C O = 0%, C 1 = 2%, C 2 = 4%, C 3 = 6%). The 6% concentration yielded significantly the highest (8.75 t ha -1 ), which was 16% higher than that of the control (7.38 t ha -1 ). In the interaction treatment, PSC-121 with all the concentrations yielded significantly higher seed yields. PSC-121 with 6% concentration of Kaolin yielded the highest of 9.12 t ha -1 , while 8.21 t ha -1 with the control. The results showed 16% yield increase having 6% Kaolin spray and 8% increase in 2% Kaolin spray. The grain nutritional analyses showed the maximum content of protein in Q-Xiangnuo-1 (9%) fiber in Yangnuo-7 (2.96%) and carbohydrate (75.13%) and AAC (apparent amylose content) (24.41%) Changnuo-1. PSC-121, Changnuo-1, Q-Xiangnuo-1, Yangnuo-3000 and Yangnuo-7 had higher fat contents (~ 4%). The highest Glycemic Index (GI) was obtained in Yangnuo-7 (71.24 %). The Changnuo-1 might be recommended for cultivation for its best performance in all the studied sites and tolerant to the drought stress condition as well as for containing the highest fat, carbohydrate and AAC contents. For higher yield and water conservation in plant, 2% Kaolin might be recommended for spraying at tasseling stage.
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    SUITABILITY OF PLANT SPACINGS AGAINST MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE TREATED COTTON PLANT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2019) AHMED, MD. SHAHEEN
    Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used in cotton production to optimize yield and quality and even suppressing excess growth whenever necessary. Experiments were conducted in three consecutive years (2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19) at Cotton Seed Multiplication, Training and Research Farm, Sreepur, Bangladesh to study the response of cotton yield and quality to different plant spacings, concentration and time of application of mepiquat chloride (MC) growth regulator. Plant spacings like 45 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 40 cm, 75 cm × 30 cm, 75 cm × 40 cm, 90 cm × 10 cm and 90 cm × 45 cm; MC spray @ 1.0 ml L -1 water at 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 DAE; MC spray @ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ml L water at 25, 50 and 75 DAE for each concentration; MC spray @ 2.0 and 4.0 ml L -1 water at 25 DAE, 2.0 and 4.0 ml L -1 water at 50 DAE, 2.0 ml L -1 water at 25 & 50 DAE along with water spray as control, were the treatment variables. Plant spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm showed the highest values of different parameters of cotton across the years (2016, 2017 and 2018) as maximum seed cotton yield (4.20, 3.48 and 4.04 t ha -1 ) and lint yield (9.08, 7.59 and 7.57 bales ha -1 ); higher LAI (0.75 and 0.80) and boll weight (4.94 and 4.9 g) during 2016 and 2017, internode (4.46 and 4.16 cm) and leaf canopy size (0.29 and 0.33 m 2 ) during 2016 and 2017; maximum squares plant -1 (10.21 and 12.67) and bolls plant -1 (11.56 and 11.37) during 2017 and 2018 were evident. In case of MC application, maximum seed cotton (2.62 t ha -1 ) and lint yield (6.79 bales ha -1 ) were noted from 1.0 ml MC L -1 water sprayed at 25 DAE during 2016. In 2017 and 2018, treatment 2 ml MC L water at 25 DAE gave higher squares plant -1 (10.94 and 13.83), bolls plant -1 (14.56 and 10.97), boll weight (4.98 and 5.00 g), seed cotton yield (3.96 and 4.03 t ha -1 ) and lint yield (8.78 and 7.71 bales ha -1 ), respectively. Plant spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm along with application of 2 ml MC L -1 water at 25 DAE gave significantly higher values of squares plant -1 (15.24 and 16.6), bolls plant -1 (17.33 and 16.6), seed cotton yield (4.53 and 4.67 t ha ) and lint yield (9.43 and 10.06 bales ha -1 ) as compared to control treatments (without MC and conventional wider spacing of 90 cm × 45 cm) in 2017 and 2018. So, cotton cultivation in Sreepur, Gazipur areas may be accelerated with foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 2 ml L -1 water at 25 DAE along with plant spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm for higher yield and quality.
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    SCREENING OF PROCESSING QUALITY POTATO VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE AND ENHANCING THEIR QUALITY THROUGH VERMICOMPOST APPLICATION
    (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2019) HAQUE, MD. AYNUL
    Good quality potato is the main bottleneck for the expansion and improvement of potato processing industry in Bangladesh. Application of suitable organic manure viz., vermicompost also with required fertilizers might be improved its processing quality. From the perspective, four years consecutive experiments were carried out in the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207 from November, 2015 to April, 2018. Thirty six (36) potato varieties were used as treatment under experiment 1 namely: BARI Alu-25 (Asterix), Cardinal, Rojato, BARI Alu-70 (Destiny), Festa Pakri, Tel Pakri, Bot Pakri, Stick, Dora, Granolla, BARI Alu-68 (Atlantic), Raja, Binella, Dheera, Sagita, Patrones, BARI Alu-29 (Courage), Provento, Felsina, Multa, BARI Alu28 (Lady Rosetta), Meridian, Forza, Saikat, Laura, Ailsa, Cumbica, Omera, Rumba, Jerla, Elgar, BARI Alu-71 (Doly), Agila, Quincy, Almerah and Steffi. The experiment 2 comprised of two factors viz., factor A: 4 Variety; V ii 1 = BARI Alu-68 (Atlantic), V = BARI Alu-29 (Courage), V 3 = BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) and V = BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta) and factor B: 5 Vermicompost levels; Vm 1 = 0 t ha -1 , Vm 4 1 , Vm 4 = 9 t ha -1 and Vm 5 = 12 t ha -1 2 = 3 t ha . The experiment 3 comprised of three factors namely, factor A: 6 Variety; V 1 = BARI Alu-68 (Atlantic), V 2 -1 , Vm 3 = BARI Alu-29 (Courage), V = BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta), V 4 = Alu-25 (Asterix), V = BARI Alu-70 (Destiny) and V 6 = BARI Alu-71 (Doly); factor B: 2 Vermicompost levels; Vm 5 1 = 9 t ha = 12 t ha -1 and factor C: 2 Harvesting period; H 1 -1 and Vm = 90 days after planting (DAP) and H = 100 DAP. The experiment 4 comprised of three factors namely, factor A: 4 Variety; V = BARI Alu-70 (Destiny), V 2 = BARI Alu-71 (Doly), V = BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta) and V 4 3 = BARI Alu-25 (Asterix); factor B: 2 Vermicompost levels; Vm 1 = 9 t ha = 12 t ha -1 and factor C: Harvesting period (2): H 1 -1 2 = 6 t ha 2 2 and Vm = 90 days after planting (DAP) and H = 100 DAP. The design used in the experiment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were RCBD, Split-plot, Splitsplit-plot and Split-split-plot design, respectively with three replications. The results revealed that, the variety and/or vermicompost and/or harvesting time have significantly influenced most of the parameters studied under all experiments. Among the thirty six potato varieties, Lady Rosetta, Asterix, Courage, Destiny, Doly and BARI Alu-68 exhibited the best results for tuber yield, specific gravity and dry matter content in experiment 1. In experiment 2, Lady rosetta and Asterix performed better for yield and processing qualities of potato. Vermicompost application at the rate of 9 t ha 1 also exhibited the best two doses for yield and processing qualities of potato over control. In experiment 3, Lady rosetta, Asterix, Destiny and Doly showed better for yield and processing qualities of potato compared to those other varieties. Vermicompost application at the rate of 9 t ha -1 showed the best one and potato harvested at 90 DAP exhibited the best performance for most of the parameters studied. In experiment 4, the Lady rosetta and Asterix showed better for yield, processing and sensory traits of potato in combination with vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha -1 and tubers harvested at 90 DAP. Asterix in combination with vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha -1 and tubers harvested at 90 DAP gave the highest monetary advantages (945,960 Tk). On the other hand, in case of lower reducing sugar and minimum sweetness, vermicompost at the rate of 12 t ha and tubers harvested at 90 DAP produced good quality potato. Finally, it may be concluded that the potato growers may use the variety, Lady rosetta and Asterix for better yield and good processing qualities under the prevailing climatic condition of AEZ-28 (Madhupur Tract) with the combination of vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha and the tuber should be harvested at 90 DAP for producing good quality potato.