Year 2020
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Item SCREENING OF SELECTED POTATO VARIETIES FOR VIRUSES (PLRV AND PVY) THROUGH GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND ELISA TEST(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) ZEREEN, MST. ISRATAn experiment was conducted in glass house and laboratory of BADC to screen selected potato varieties viz. Asterix, Cardinal, Diamant, Lalpakri and Desiree against PLRV and PVY through growth characteristics and it was further confirmed through ELISA test. ELISA test followed by in vitro meristem culture performed in order to produce virusfree and sufficient amount of potato seed tubers. Among the selected potato varieties, the highest disease incidence of PVY and PLRV (1.22 and 1.89%) was recorded in Lalpakri and the lowest (0.33 and 0.44%) was in Asterix respectively. In Diamant, disease incidence of PLRV and PVY was 0.39% and 0.83% respectively. In Cardinal, disease incidence of PLRV and PVY was 1.56% and 1.11% respectively. In Desiree, disease incidence of PLRV and PVY was 0.44% and 1.22% respectively. Numbers of stems/hill of the virus free as well as infected cultivar were significantly different from each other. In both cases, Asterix showed the highest number of stems/hill followed by Cardinal, Desiree, Diament and Lalpakri. Numbers of nodes production of the virus free as well as infected cultivar were significantly different from each other. In both cases, Asterix showed the highest number of nodes production followed by Desiree, Cardinal, Diament and Lalpakri. The cultivars Asterix (12.12 tubers/plant) produced more tubers/plant followed by Desiree (10.43), Diamant (9.31), Cardinal (9.25) and Lalpakri (8.10). It was also observed that among the potato varieties tested against PLRV and PVY, Diamant produced 23.98 mm size tuber when infected with PLRV but PVY infection produced 21.43 mm size tuber. PVY infected Cardinal produced 22.88 mm size tuber but PLRV infection reduced size to 21.13 mm. Desiree produced 24.32 mm and 23.56 mm size tuber when infected with PVY and PLRV, respectively. Highest dry weight of whole plant was recorded in varieties Asterix (1.81 g) followed by Desiree (1.68 g), Diamant (1.66 g), Cardinal (1.63 g) and Lalpakri (1.55 g), respectively. Diamant produced 1.66 g dry weight/plant in PLRV and 1.52 g dry weight/plant in PVY infection. In PVY and PLRV infection Cardinal produced 1.60 g and 1.52 g dry weight/plant, respectively whereas Desiree produced 1.63 g dry weight/plant in PVY and 1.60 g dry weight/plant in PLRV infection. Asterix gave the highest percentage (92.7%) of survivability of plantlets followed by Lalpakri (90%), Desiree (87.5%), Cardinal (86.7%) and Diamant (71.7%). Asterix gave the highest percentage (99.70%) of virus free plantlets followed by Desiree (99.48%), Cardinal (99.47%), Diamant (99.10%) and Lalpakri (91.44%). From the results of this study it may be concluded that presence of viruses in potato plants hamper photosynthetic production and assimilation consequently all the growth characteristics which also depends on nature of viruses and potato varieties and Asterix are the most resistant to the both PVY and PLRV.Item SCREENING OF RESISTANT CULTIVARS OF BETELVINE (Piper betle L.) AGAINST FOOT AND ROOT ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY Sclerotium rolfsii(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) HANIF, MOHAMMED ABUThe causal organism of foot and root rot disease was isolated from diseased specimen with typical symptoms collected from affected betelvine. The isolate was pure cultured and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii The Sclerotium rolfsii was mass multiplied and the pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch’s Postulates. Eight betelvine cultivars viz. PB 001 (Chalitaguti) PB 002 (Chuadanga Pan), PB 003 PB (Moheskhali Pan), 004 (Laldingi Pan), PB 005 (Satkhira Pan), PB 006 (BARI Pan-1), PB 007 (BARI Pan-2) and PB 008 (BARI Pan-3), were explored in the screening experiment. Results were compiled based on physio-morphological features, days required for appearance of 1 st disease symptom, disease reactions, yield and yield contributing characters Betelvine cultivars were showed differential reactions against S. rolfsii causing foot and root rot disease. The vegetative growth parameters and morphological features of different cultivars of betelvine varied remarkably. The maximum vine increment per month (90.97 cm) was recorded in PB 003 and the lowest increment (46.87 cm) was in PB 006. The maximum length of internode (8.27 cm) was recorded in PB 004 and the minimum length (4.50 cm) was in PB 006. The maximum vine girth (1.63 cm) was recorded in PB 007 and the minimum girth (0.93 cm) was in PB 002. Significantly the highest length of leaf (22.07 cm) was recorded in PB 005 and the lowest (13.17 cm) was in PB 006. The leaf breadth (13.03 cm) was recorded the highest in PB 003 and the lowest (6.93 cm) in PB 006. The highest petiole length (8.63 cm) was recorded in PB 008 and the lowest length (4.03 cm) was in PB 002. The petiole breadth (1.13cm) was recorded the highest in PB 004 and the lowest (0.43 cm) in PB 008. The weight (g) of 100 petiole was recorded the highest in PB 004 (83.33 g) and the lowest weight (38.33 g) was in PB 006.The fresh weight of 100 leaves with petiole was recorded the highest in PB 004 (553.33 g) and the lowest weight (206.67 g) was in PB 006. The PB 006 produced significantly the highest number (23.00) of leaves per meter vine and the lowest number (13.67) of leaf was recorded in PB 003. The leaf number per plant per year was recorded the highest in PB 006 (414 leaves) and the lowest number was found in PB 003 (282 leaves). After inoculation, the time interval (days) required for appearance of 1 st disease symptoms among the betelvine cultivar differed significantly. The lowest incubation period (8 days) required for the cultivars PB 007 (BARI Pan-2) and PB 008 (BARI Pan-3). The highest incubation period (14 days) was required for PB 006 (BARI Pan-1). No symptom was appeared in the cultivars PB 004 (Laldingi pan). The disease incidence ranged from 0.00% - 100%. Among the betelvine cultivars, PB 004, (Laldingi pan) showed resistant (R) reaction while three cultivars viz. PB 006 (BARI Pan-1), PB-003 Moheskhali Pan) and PB 002 (Chuadanga) showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction. Two cultivars viz. PB 001 (Chalitaguti) and PB 005 (Satkhira) showed moderately susceptible (MS) reaction and the rest cultivars PB 007 (BARI Pan-2) and PB 002 (BARI Pan-3) showed highly susceptible reaction against S. rolfsii causing foot and root rot of betelvine.Item SURVEY ON THE MAJOR DISEASES OF WATERMELON IN TWO SELECTED DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) Aftab, RooksanaA field survey was conducted to identify the major diseases of watermelon in the year of 2020 and 2021 at Subarnachar Upazila in Noakhali district and Dashmina Upazila in Patuakhali district. The laboratory works has done at Central Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty villages from Ten Unions of Noakhali and Patuakhali districts were considered for survey and investigation of major diseases of watermelon. Altogether, sixty farmers were interviewed from Noakhali and Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. The incidence and severity of diseases of watermelon varied significantly among the locations. Depending on the disease incidence and severity, the major diseases of watermelon were leaf curl, leaf spot, foot and root rot. In leaf spot disease in both districts, the highest disease incidence and severity were 35.10% and 10.33% which were recorded in West Charbata at Noakhali district, respectively. In case of leaf curl disease of watermelon the highest disease incidence and severity were recorded in South Kocchopiya and Char Aminul Haq that were 74.53% and 18.33%, respectively. The highest powdery mildew disease incidence 11.33% and severity 4% was observed in South Kocchopiya in Noakhali. In case of foot and root rot disease, the highest disease incidence and severity was recorded in Auliapur at Patuakhali district which were 20.66% and 15% in West Charbata, Noakhali district, respectively. The highest disease incidence of leaf mosaic were recorded in South Kocchopiya at Noakhali district and Gochani at Patuakhali district which were 16.67% and disease severity were 2.33% at Char Mujib and South Kocchopiya in Noakhali while the lowest severity of leaf mosaic 1.33% was recorded in Gochani, Patuakhali district. In total, five diseases were recorded and identified in field conditions viz. Leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata, leaf curl caused by chlorotic stunt virus, powdery mildew caused by Oidium sp, foot and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and leaf Mosaic caused by virus. Considering the amount of severity of diseases, foot and root rot and leaf curl were major diseases occurred in watermelon fields in Noakhali and Patuakhali district, respectively. Moreover, in-vitro conditions fungi viz. Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus spp., Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer and Chaetomium sp. were isolated and identified from the seeds of watermelon mixed varieties revealed by seed health test. The socio-economic status of watermelon farmer’s in Bangladesh revealed that the highest percent of farmers used 2 to 3 ha of land for watermelon cultivation and most of the money was used to prevent the watermelon from disease, insects and weeds which was about 28,000 Tk/ha.Item MANAGEMENT OF ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE OF CHILLI CAUSED BY (Colletotrichum capsici) THROUGH SELECTED TREATMENTS FOR SEED PRODUCTION(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) MAHMUD, KAWSARThe in vivo experiment was conducted in the Central Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka and in vitro experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, SAU. The effect of eight treatments viz., Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole), Ridomil gold 68 WG (Mancozeb+ Metalaxyl), Dithane M-45 (Dithiocarbarnate), Score 250 EC (Difenoconazole), Trichoderma harzianum (Bio-Control), Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) Allamanda leaf extract (Allamanda cathartica) and a Control (T 0 ) were explored against Anthracnose of chilli (Colletotrichum capsici) during winter season 2019-2020. The efficacy of the treatments varied significantly in terms of disease incidence, disease severity and yield attributes of chilli. Among the treatments, Tilt 250 EC, Dithane M-45 showed promising performance against the disease. The lowest leaf incidence (4.31%) and leaf area diseased - LAD (4.16%) were recorded Tilt 250 EC. Similarly, the lowest fruit infection (3.93 %) and fruit area diseased - FAD (3.55%) were recorded in Tilt 250 EC (4.95%) and Dithane M45 (4.41%), respectively. Reduction of disease incidence and severity of anthracnose of chilli by spraying Tilt 250 EC also reflected in case of fruit yield, seed yield and subsequent seed health of harvested chilli seed. The highest fruit yield (10.23 t/ha) and 1000 seed weight (4.21 gm) were also recorded in case of application of Tilt 250 EC. The maximum seed germination of harvested chilli seed (87.5%) was also observed in Tilt 250 EC applied plots. Among the plant extract, neem leaf extract found to give good yield (8.04 t/ha) against anthracnose disease which was even better than Ridomil Gold 68 WG (7.9 t/ha) and Score 250 EC (7.67 t/ha).Item EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS IN CONTROLLING LEAF BLIGHT OF SUNFLOWER(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) HAIDAR, MD. ALIThe experiment was conducted in Central MS laboratory and Central Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during November 2019 to May 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts in controlling leaf blight of sunflower variety BARI Surjamukhi-2. The causal organism isolated from infected leaf of sunflower and identified as Alternaria alternata by tissue planting method. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of plots sprayed with T 1 =Control, T 2 =Neem leaf extracts, T 3 =Garlic bulb extracts, T 4 =Mint leaf extracts, T 5 =Allamanda leaf extracts, T 6 =Papaya leaf extracts and T 7 =Mahogany leaf extracts. Concentration of all plant extracts was 1:3 w/v. Data were collected on disease incidence, percent disease index (PDI), plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem girth, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000 seeds weight and yield. The lowest disease incidence (43.32%) with maximum reduction (45.64%) of PDI over control was recorded in garlic bulb extracts (T 3 ) at 75 DAS. Garlic bulb extracts (T 3 ) treated plots gave better response in all growth, yield and yield contributing parameters viz., tallest plant (132.4 cm), maximum number of leaves (28) per plant, thickest plant (5.47 cm), maximum head diameter (17.78 cm), highest number of seeds (523) per head, 1000 seeds weight (57.46 g) and yield (778.87 g/plot). The maximum yield increased (63.39%) over control was also recorded in garlic bulb extracts (T 3 ) followed by papaya leaf extracts (T 6 ) and neem leaf extracts (T 2 ). In this study it was found that spray with garlic bulb extracts (T 3 ) showed most effective in controlling Alternaria leaf blight incidence, severity with increasing yield of sunflower.Item MORPHOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND MOLECULAR VARIATION AND VIRULENCE OF BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA IN WHEAT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) AKTER, SHARMINMonoconidial one hundred and twenty isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were isolated and identified based on morphological and ITS1 and ITS4 based molecular parameters. These isolates were isolated from seeds and leaf of 7 varieties of wheat collected from 7 major wheat growing regions of Bangladesh. The collected isolates differed significantly in respect of radial mycelial growth rate, color of colony, surface texture of colony, shape of colony, number of conidia production, shape and color of conidia etc. The mycelial growth rate was recorded from the range of 1.39 (MMPS 66) to 4.46 mm/day (JSBS 88). Maximum (73) isolates had blackish white colored colonies. Forty-two isolates had blackish colored colonies and five isolates had whitish colored colonies. Among 120 isolates, 65 isolates produced regular shaped colonies and 55 isolates had irregular shaped colonies. One hundred twenty isolates showed smoothy and wooly surface texture of colony and 18 isolates showed effuse and rough surface texture of colony. Among 120 isolates, maximum number of conidia/cm² was counted in isolates no BAKS 11 which was 416.17×10 and minimum number of conidia/cm² was 89.6×10 ii 4 found in isolates no JSBS 88. Among these isolates, 92 isolates produced brown colored conidia and 17 isolates produced deep brown colored conidia and 11 isolates produced light brown colored conidia. Among 120 isolates, the septation of conidia ranged from 1.4 to 8.6. The isolates were grouped into five groups based on their conidial shape where 57 isolates produced elliptical and straight conidia with 47.50% frequency, 13 isolates produced elliptical and curved shaped conidia with 10.83% frequency, 28 isolates produced oval shaped conidia with 23.33% frequency, 5 isolates produced round shaped conidia with 4.17% frequency and 17 isolates produced pyriform shaped conidia with 14.16% frequency. Again the isolates were grouped into twelve cultural groups based on colony morphology and surface texture of the colony. Among these cultural groups, smoothy and wooly blackish white irregular groups contain the highest number of isolates and that was 39 isolates with 32.5% frequency of the total isolates studied. The different cultural groups of Bipolaris sorokiniana showed different characteristics based on mycelial growth rate, conidia production and septation number. The radial mycelial growth rate differed from 2.67 mm/day to 4.50 mm/day. The highest growth rate counted from the group number G-12 and the lowest growth rate counted from the group number G-7. Maximum number of conidia/cm² was recorded from the group number G-7 and that was 248.93×10 4 and the minimum number of conidia/cm² was recorded from group G-12. The highest septation (7.1) was found in group G-11 and the lowest (2.44) was found in group G-1. Among these 12 groups, effuse and rough blackish irregular group (G-8) was most virulent (38.5% LAD) and effuse and rough blackish white irregular group (G-4) was low virulent group among 12 groups (2% LAD).Item BANANA VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS FOR DETECTING FACTORS RESPONSIBLE TO POST-HARVEST DISEASES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) MAHMUD, MD. AL SABBIRA survey was conducted to analyze Banana value chain and to determine postharvest problems at farmer and traders level. The survey was conducted during the periods of August, 2019 to February, 2020 in the Dinajpur district and three markets as well as 40 retailer shops of Dhaka city. Value chain was analyzed by the combination of qualitative and quantitative questionnaire methods that included primary survey focusses group discussions, answering questionnaire and informal interviews. Value chain analysis clearly revealed that Banana growing areas are increasing every year gradually and most of the orchards have 250-700 plants and the popular Banana varieties were Amrita Shagor, Sabri and Champa. Farmers used manure and fertilizers in Banana orchards in regular basis. All of the farmers were used to different type activities without maintaining any hygiene to harvest Bananas. Van and Nosimon are the most common transport for short distance carrying and Truck for long distant carrying. The common marketing channel is Grower> Paikar> Bepari> Retailer >Consumer. Lack of modern storage and transport, processing industries, high margin traders, no use of any packaging system, transport and production cost, and uncertainty of market price were also reported as difficulties in value chain of Bananas. Among intermediaries, the highest loss was recorded for Retailer (23.58%) followed by Piker (1.31%) and Bepari (5.85%). The highest incidence disease was observed for anthracnose 18.73% and crown rot 8.89% during August to October. The lowest incidence was observed for anthracnose 2.58% and crown rot 2.08% during November to February. The postharvest loss of Banana was found 37.21% in total.Item CONTAMINANTS AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF MAPLE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus cystidiosus) IN SELECTED SUBSTRATES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) MOU, TANIA AKTARThe experiment was carried out at the mushroom culture house of Mushroom Development Institute, Saver, Dhaka and central laboratory of SAU during the period from October 2019 to March 2020. The experiment was conducted to compare different strains of maple oyster mushroom on contaminants, growth and yield contributing characters. Seven strains of Pleurotus cystidiosus, viz. Pcys-1, Pcys-2, Pcys-3, Pcys-4, Pcys-5, Pcys-6 and Pcys-7 and three different substrates S 1 (Saw dust), S 2 (Rice straw), S (Saw dust + Rice straw) were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Trichoderma sp, Alternaria sp and Aspergillus niger were identified as contaminants, where green mold was detected as the major one. The highest contamination incidence (100%) was observed in S 1 P 6 , S 1 P 7 and S 3 P 2 3 , whereas the lowest incidence (60%) was recorded from S 1 P . The lowest days (7 days) required for mycelium running on spawn was found in S 1 1 P 1 , S 1 P 2 , S 1 P 3 , S 1 P 4 and S 1 P . No mycelium running was observed in Pcys-6 and Pcys-7. The highest biological yield (98.50 g), economic yield (95.75 g) and biological efficiency (53.25%) was found from S 2 P 1 5 , whereas the lowest biological yield (65.25g) was found from S . The highest diameter (7.13 cm) of pileus was recorded from S 3 P whereas the lowest diameter (4.13 cm) of pileus was found in S 1 P . Rice straw showed better performance followed by saw dust and combination of the both rice straw and saw dust during cultivation. 2 Key words: Pcys, Substrate, Biological yield, Economic yield, Biological EfficiencyItem EVALUATION OF COMPATIBLE BIO-AGENTS AND SELECTED BOTANICALS AGAINST RHIZOME ROT DISEASE OF GINGER(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) MOURY, SHARMIN MURSHIDAA pot and lab experiments were conducted in Bio-agents laboratory and the net house of The Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during the period from July,2019 to June, 2020. The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of selected compatible bio-agent viz. Verticillium lecanii (T 1 iii ), Beauveria bassiana (T 2) , Metarhizium anisopliae (T 3 ), Trichoderma viride (T 4 ) and botanicals viz.Tea wastage (T 5 ), Neem leaves extract (T 6 ), Allamanda leaves extract (T 7 ) against the pathogen of rhizome rot disease responsible for ginger decline. The selected bio-agents were applied as a bio-fortified materials. In the pot bio-agents were bio-fortified with the selected substrates; cow dung, mustard oil cake, poultry manure, dust and wheat grain. Data on disease incidence and disease severity was recorded at 50, 70 and 90 Days After Planting (DAP). Among the selected bio-agents the lowest disease incidence and severity was found in T 3 (Metarhizium anisopliae) and the highest in T 1 (Verticillium lecanii). Among the selected botanicals the lowest disease incidence and severity was found in T 5 (Tea wastage) and the highest was found in T 7 (Allamanda leaf extract). No disease was found in T 6 (Neem extract) treatment up to harvesting. The selected treatments were also gave the promising performance in inhibition of radial mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum over untreated control. From the in-vitro management study it was found that Trichoderma viride (T 4 ) and Metarhizium anisopliae (T 3 ) gave the better performance in inhibition of radial mycelial growth. Among the botanicals, neem extract gave the promising performance in inhibition of radial mycelial growth. However, from the present study it may be concluded that Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma viride and Neem leaf extract can be used for management of rhizome rot disease of ginger.Item SCLEROTIUM ROOT ROT OF SUGARBEET (Beta vulgaris L.): INCIDENCE, SEVERITY AND ITS IN-VITRO CONTROL THROUGH CHEMICAL, BOTANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEANS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) AKTER, SABJANAIncidence and severity of sclerotium root rot disease of sugarbeet was investigated at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) and Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI) campus during January to March 2019. From the survey study it revealed that, the highest disease incidence (21.6%) was observed at BSRI farm, Iswardi in compared to SAU field (19.4%) and the disease severity was higher at BSRI campus (7.73%) compare to SAU campus (5.51%). The lab experiment was conducted for invitro management of sclerotium root rot disease of sugarbeet through chemical, botanical and biological means during April to december 2019. Seven fungicides viz. Amister Top 325 SC, Acibin 28 SC, Tilt 250 EC, Ridomil Gold, Dithane M-45, Cabrio Top 55 WG, Benda 50 WP, one plant extract (Neem leaf) and two bio- agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonus fluorescens) were evaluated for their efficacy against Sclerotium rolfsii. The selected chemical fungicides and neem leaf extract were evaluated following by cup method and two bio-agents were evaluated through dual culture method. Among the tested chemical fungicides, Cabrio Top 55 WG and Acibin 28 SC gave the better performance in controlling the radial mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. Amister top showed better Performance in reduction of radial mycelial growth (inhibition 70% over control) followed by Tilt 250 EC, Benda, Ridomil Gold, and Dithane M-45 (inhibition 64.78%, 64.11%, 18.56%, 14.44% over control respectively) at 4 days after inoculation. Neem leef extract was not found satisfactory result in reducing the growth of fungus in in-vitro. Between two bio-agents Trichoderma harzianum (% inhibition 42.77% over control) showed better performance in controlling Sclerotium root rot disease of sugarbeet compared to Pseudomonus fluorescens (% inhibition 27.60 % over control )in reduction of radial mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. In this study, the potentiality to cause sugarbeet root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was also confirmed through pathogenicity test. However, from the findings of the in-vitro study, it may be concluded that among the selected chemical fungicides, Acibin 28 SC, Cabrio top 55WG and bio-agents Trichoderma harzianum can be suggested for field trail for management of sclerotium root rot disease of sugarbeet.