2014
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Item A study to assess the suitability of using polypropylene in concrete as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Sayem, A.S.M.; Tousif, Fahmid; Hasnat, AbulAMONG THE WASTE POLYMERIC MATERIALS, WHICH ARE USED IN BANGLADESH, POLYPROPYLENE (PP) IS A NOTABLE ONE DUE TO ITS EXTENSIVE USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC FURNITURES, NECESSARY UTENSILS, TOYS, BUCKETS, DOORS ETC. DUE TO ITS NON-BIODEGRADABLE NATURE, WITH A VISION OF RECYCLING THEM, A PROCESS OF CONVERTING THEM INTO LOW DENSITY PLASTIC COARSE AGGREGATE CAN BE INTRODUCED BY MELTING & COOLING THEM INTO THE MOLDS. IN THIS STUDY, THESE LOW DENSITY PLASTIC COARSE AGGREGATES HAVE BEEN USED TO PARTIALLY REPLACE THE CONVENTIONAL COARSE AGGREGATE (BRICK CHIPS) BY 10%, 20% & 30% BY VOLUME. WATER CEMENT RATIOS OF 0.42, 0.48 & 0.57 HAVE BEEN SELECTED TO ASSESS DIFFERENT PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE. HAVING THE MIX PROPORTION OF 1:1.5:3 (CEMENT: FINE AGGREGATE: COARSE AGGREGATE), COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, TENSILE STRENGTH & OTHER PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE CYLINDERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED AT 28 DAYS, FOR THREE REPLACEMENT RATIOS AS WELL AS THREE WATER CEMENT RATIOS TO COMPARE THEM WITH THE REGULAR CONCRETE (RC). THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT PP HAS BETTER BONDING CAPACITY THAN BRICK CHIPS, INCREASING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH & TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE POLYPROPYLENE COARSE AGGREGATE CONCRETE (PCA CONCRETE). THUS, THIS LOW DENSITY CONCRETE CAN BE USED FOR THE STRUCTURAL PURPOSES.Item A Numerical Study of Vertical Discontinuity of RCC Frame Structures(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Shahriyar, Rashid; Morshed, Syed Ahnaf; Rahman, IstiakurIrregular Structures are a common phenomenon in modern day urbanization. Structures having significant physical discontinuities in vertical configuration or in their lateral force resisting systems are termed as vertically irregular structure. Irregularity is an inevitable occurrence in RCC frame structures now days. The effect of this irregularity can be devastating. The software based analysis that is called ABAQUS 6.10 is used for finite element analysis through simulating stress analysis on irregular structure.Item Environmental Pollution on Turag River Due to Kashimpur-Konabari Industrial Area(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Rahman, MD. Sanjidur; Al Madani, Abdullah; Rafi, Khalidur RahmanBangladesh observed industrialization since last one hundred years. The process was in small level but the change of time, the appearance of industrialization has changed. Garments industries have taken the place of handlooms. This has happened not only in case of garments industry but also in other industries because of mechanization. Our country is facing a great challenge to protect the environment because of this kind of industrialization. The industrial belts are being more and more polluted with a numerous population. Every year 1.5 million children die from diarrheal diseases (WHO 2009), and many of these deaths can be attributed to unsafe drinking water. Lack of access to drinking water and exposure to waterborne diseases from unsafe drinking water are problems faced by many people in the developing world. The WHO (2010) estimates that 884 million people worldwide lack access to improved sources of drinking water. Persons obtaining water from unimproved sources are at risk of drinking water contaminated with pathogens that may cause diseases such as cholera, enteric fever, dysentery, and hepatitis. Even people with access to so-called improved sources may not have microbiologically safe water and are at risk for developing the same diseases caused by drinking from unimproved sources. For these reason governments are also concerned about the pollution due to industrialization and urbanization. Some rules and regulations are also imposed on industries for human safety measurements. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of imposed law and further assessment if necessary.Item A study of green lightweight concrete using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as aggregate(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Mobarok, Abdullah; Dipta, Iftekhar Alam; Rahat, Md.It is the time for development and implementation of sustainable materials in construction and reduce the reliance on non-renewable sources. Uses of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), largely used for manufacturing plastic carry bottles, are rising in an alarming rate and the reuse of these plastic wastes is highly essential. Therefore, the main focus of this study is to use PET as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. The safety, durability, and stability of the structure largely depend on the properties of concrete, and thus, it is imperative to prepare concrete with adequate compressive strength. In lieu with this objective, 18 cylinders are prepared with conventional concrete materials, and 54 more cylinders are prepared with PET as a partial replacement, 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume, of coarse aggregate to find out the best possible replacement ratio. Three water-cement ratio (i.e. 0.42, 0.48, and 0.57) are taken under consideration for achieving optimum workability in using PET as Plastic coarse aggregate.Item Characterization of pan evaporation with related climatological parameters of Bangladesh(2014-11-15) Ahmed, Syed Tanvir; Sojib, Md. Shafiul IslamBangladesh is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy since it comprises about 18.6% of the country's GDP and employs around 45% of the total labour force. It has around 8 million hectares of cultivable land and total irrigated land is around 56%. Agriculture determines people’s lives and livelihood of this region. Pan evaporation is a measurement that combines or integrates the effects of several climate elements: temperature, humidity, rain fall, drought dispersion, solar radiation. Pan evaporation measurements enable farmers to understand how much water their crops will need. It is an effective way to analyse the multidimensional impact of climate change on irrigation water requirement since pan evaporation measures the integrated effect of radiation, wind, temperature and humidity on the evaporation from an open-water surface. The spatial distribution of seasonal variation of pan evaporation along with solar radiation and humidity was analysed, and solar radiation seemed to have the major influence on evaporation. The study also reveals that summer and spring are the seasons of highest evaporation in most of the regions. The characteristic trend and spatial distribution of seasonal pan evaporation correlated with related climatological factors developed in this study could aid the irrigation water resources development and planning. Results of previous studies are analyzed and also enhanced the knowledge of this area. So this study is essential in worldwide especially in Bangladesh where agriculture plays a vital role to estimate the agricultural water demand in the changing environment for long term water resources and development.Item Reliability analysis of urban rainwater harvesting: a case study of Dhaka city(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Bashar, Md. Zobair Ibne; Nabil, Khondokar KamrujjamanRainwater harvesting is a decentralized practice that provides both water supply and runoff reduction benefits that are often difficult to assess. In a city like Dhaka where the water table is falling rapidly & concrete surfaces and landfill dumps are taking the place of water bodies due to increased population and water demand as well, non-conventional water resources such as rainwater harvesting must be introduced to partially offset the increasing water demand. According to the upcoming Bangladesh National Building Code, every building proposed for constructing on plots having extent of 300 square meter or above shall have the facilities for conserving and harvesting rainwater though a very few studies have been carried out to check the efficiency of rainwater harvesting in Dhaka city. The research presented in this paper is undertaken in the light of current knowledge gaps to access the efficiency of a RWH system in Dhaka to provide guidance to water authorities to enhance the acceptance of a RWH system. The objectives of this research is to analyze the reliability of a rainwater harvesting system, to utilize programming and visualization to assess the efficacy of a rainwater harvesting system and to assess the economic savings if rainwater harvesting system is integrated with the supply water system. This paper investigates the applicability and reliability of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems to meet the daily water demand in the multistoried residential buildings in combination with the conventional water supply systems. The major difference with the other studies carried out in this field is that the model presented in this research uses the existing underground water reservoir as rainwater harvesting tank. In order to calculate the reliability, 20 years rainfall data starting from 1988 to 2007 was considered and all the calculations were performed for three different climatic conditions (i.e. wet, average and dry years). Years corresponding to maximum and minimum annual rainfall were considered wet year (2007) and dry year (1992) respectively. The average year (1990) was considered the year having annual rainfall close to the average annual rainfall over 20 years’ period. A water balance model was developed considering the Daily rainfall runoff, Underground reservoir capacity and Daily water demand. Cumulative water stored in the water balance model is the sum of rainfall runoff and the stored water of the previous day less the daily water demand. When volume of stored water exceeded the tank capacity, the excess iii amount of water is considered as spilled water. When water demand exceeded the volume of stored water then the additional water was taken from the town water supply. Based on the water balance model a rainwater harvesting analysis software has been developed. The software has been developed using C# (C sharp) language in Microsoft Visual Studio. It calculates reliability, percent of water saved, overflow ratio and at the same time benefit-cost ratios based on the given input. Different authors and organizations estimated the daily water demand for Dhaka city differently. . For this study a range of 120-180 lpcd has been selected as most of the recent estimated values lies within this range. The roof of the building is the the rainwater catchment area. This study is concerned with the rainwater harvesting in the multistoried residential buildings of Dhaka city having a plot size 3 to 5 katha i.e. 200-334 m2. The catchment area was considered as 60- 70% of the plot size i.e. for a plot size of 200 m2 the catchment area is 140 m2 and for a plot size of 334 m2 the catchment area is 200 m2. The reliability relationships with the varying tank sizes showed that both the time base and volumetric reliability increases up to a tank volume of 30 m3 for the wet year and beyond that reliability does not increase with the increasing tank volume. But in case of average and dry conditions tank size have no significant impact on reliability. For all the cases volumetric reliability was found 5-8% more than the time based reliability. Both time based reliability and volumetric reliability decreased with the increasing water demand. The demand being high and the tank sizes being large no spilled water was found for any of the cases. So the overflow ratio relationships with the varying water demand and tank size remained zero. Economic savings showed that around BDT 4000 on average can be saved each year if rainwater harvesting system is integrated with the conventional water supply system. The present analysis indicates that about 20-30% reliability can be achieved if sufficient rainfall is available throughout the year. Approximately 250-550 kL of rainwater can be harvested each year from a catchment area of 200 m2.The study also revealed that the current underground tank sizes of the residential buildings of the city are sufficient to prevent the overflow of the harvested rainwater. Though the reliability and the economic savings found is not much greater, it will have a significant impact if rainwater harvesting system is practised at a larger scale as it will reduce a certain portion of the pressure from the conventional water supply and it will also play a significant role in alleviating the water clogging problem.Item Comparision between cost of accidents in construction site and cost of preventive measures through risk assessment(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Sakib, Md. Mohiuddin; Saad, Md. Abu Sayed; Islam, MonoarulIn the era of modern globalization and increased competition, construction project has become one of the most crucial factors for achieving success in business sector. Huge number of construction is going on and it is flourishing day by day in Bangladesh and globally. However, many construction projects suffer from delay and even stopped due to accidents in construction site. These accidents involve property damage, severe injury, and even death which subsequently cost huge money, delay in construction completion, loss of company image and so on. To prevent accidents in construction, risk management tools and techniques have been developed for successful project. Nevertheless, these techniques are used too little and many still wonder how helpful they are. The problem is more severe for construction in Bangladesh. Most of the construction companies in Bangladesh are reluctant to take preventive measure because it needs some extra cost. Since accidents cannot be seen beforehand, people do not want to invest this extra cost of preventive measures. This paper reviews the literature to identify essential costs associated with safety measures of construction projects and to compare it with costs that may arise due to accidents during construction works. The study uses risk assessment procedure used in some developed countries to identify the hazards, probable accidents, likelihood and severity of these accidents for typical building construction in Bangladesh. Using a case study, costs of accidents are estimated considering the medical cost and daily wage of injured workers, death penalty, property damage and other indirect costs. The costs of preventive measures are also estimated considering the safety measure to be taken to prevent the accidents. It has been found that costs of accidents are much higher than the cost of preventive measures. Hence, this study can be useful to build awareness to the construction people to take preventive measure during construction. This will eventually eliminate or at least minimize accidents in construction site and construction can be completed on time and budget with better health and safety.Item Development and application of accident prediction model for intersections at Dhaka city(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Labib, Mashrur Ahmed; Mustakim, Rifat; Monwar, MostofaRoad accidents nowadays have become the major cause of deaths for its severity causing injury, fatal causalities, property damage, death of millions of people. Commencing with the data that every year more than 1.3 million people die in road accidents around the world (Building Leaders in Urban Transport Planning, LUTP, 2012). So, this indicates that the major mortality rate is procured by the road accidents no question asked. Not only in USA or any other developed countries of the world, but also in developing country like Bangladesh, with regard to safety, the pedestrians are of major concern as they represent up to 72 percent of road traffic fatalities in Dhaka Metropolitan City (Rahman et al., 2006). Talking about Dhaka City, data show that the intersection accidents represent around 40 percent of total accidents occurring in Metropolitan City of Dhaka (Rahman, 2012). So, it can be stated that pedestrian safety is not only a problem in global range, but also acute in developing country like Bangladesh. However, to guide in making improved policy statement or legal instructions, our study tends to reflect the prediction of accident occurring with the presence of different set of variables taken at selected accident prone intersections in Dhaka City. The study is especially designed to predict accident probability only for pedestrian-vehicle crashes at intersections as accurate as possible. Variables set were taken in geometric and regulatory types. So, the principal objective of this study is to develop a good statistical model to set up a suitable relationship between accident occurrence and intersection geometric and regulatory control characteristics. Another objective is to compare some of the results of our study with the parameters of pedestrian-vehicle crashes of developed countries to get an evaluative situation easily understandable for all. While the methodology may apply to any traffic accident at intersections on any type of roadways. The statistical models developed in this study are focused in predicting traffic accidents at four-legged signalized and Tee or three legged intersections. For data analyzing and modeling of the pedestrian-vehicle crashes at intersection, at first annual crash data were collected from 1998-2009 from ARI(Accident Research Institute), BUET. There is a total of 54 intersection‟s data were available and we worked on 45 selected intersections. Hand drawn pictures were made for all of this intersections for getting geometric data precisely. After getting all the data analyzed by the statistical software, a projected equation is possible to make with the help of the critical and significant factors to get accident prediction for accident forecasting at any particular intersection. Which factor will have increased impact on traffic and pedestrian iv crashes and which will reduce impact to accident occurrence, there will be a clear picture of it. Now that, if anyone ask about what is the possibility of accident occurrence at Cross section of Kakoli (Mymensingh Road+ Kamal Atarturk Avenue) with the information saying road width 30 ft, one-way, signalized intersection, two bus stops at upstream and downstream of the Dhaka-Mymensingh. Road, U-turn prohibited, median & roadside barrier present, VMS said:vehicle speed <40mph(just any sign, not that speed is considered only. Actually the VMS presence in any form is taken into consideration). So, with the above information, it is possible to predict the accident occurrence scenario in regular, slow, thorough manner and what can be done to reduce the crash possibility at this intersection by comparing the info with our significant accident factors characteristics from the model result. Here, the important thing is that the factors which are not present in our significant list can be omitted saying that it has no such effect on accident occurring. However, by taking all these variables into consideration it will be possible to draw the outline that which factors are influential for which intersections and which aren‟t, out of the 45 intersections we covered in Dhaka City based on the previous accident prone intersection‟s map, data and studies.Item Optimizing traffic signal design to minimize delay(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Bhuiyan, M. A. Afrahim; Khan, Md. Rizwane Muztaba; Khan, Irtiza RafidEvery year, millions of dollars are lost in the global economy due to traffic congestion. Long hours spent on congested roadways are draining away valuable time, energy and money from the economy. Thus delay should be reduced to increase productivity and to minimize environmental pollution. The most economical way of this delay reduction is to redesign the signal timing because this design is not associated with spending money as well as consuming longer time. Only readjustment of signal timing is sufficient for this purpose. Hence, to optimize the signal timing for reducing delays has been taken as the main objective of this study. An intersection in Dhaka city (the capital of Bangladesh) has been chosen to achieve the goal of this study. This study will suggest that the new timing of the signal reduces total delay for all movements than the existing one. Particularly it will reduce the delay significantly for certain movements during peak hours. The result of the study will clearly justify the improvement of the junction performance by reducing delay in new signal timing.Item Productivity Improvement through Minimizing Idle Time of Construction Resource Using Simulation Model(Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Rahim, M Rifat Ibtesham; Solaiman, Md. Sakif Bin; Sarkar, Md. Tanvir AhmedA series or parallel completion of different independent or dependent activities carries out a construction operation. These activities sometimes require common resources which make it difficult to schedule the construction operation effectively. Eventually it leads to inefficient use of resources which lengthens the project duration and increases cost. Therefore improving construction productivity to reduce duration and cost is very important for a construction project. Total Ineffective Time of a construction project can be minimized through proper planning and scheduling prior to construction. Additionally, it would also help the project manager to choose from different alternative plans on the basis of suitable combination and cost. Manual calculation and planning is complicated and time consuming considering the interaction of different work activities, resources and lengthiness of the project. This situation has motivated the study to figure out the usefulness of simulation models for minimizing project duration and cost. Simulation models can be an efficient tool to generate effective plans and schedules as they consider complex interactions among various units on the jobsite to evaluate the performance of the construction operation. A simulation model has been developed using MS EXCEL 2013 in this study. The model has considered various resource combinations for the analysis. The construction of a real life project has been selected as the case project for the study. The construction operation that has been selected for the model development is the concrete casting of a slab of a building under construction which consists of mixing concrete in mixing machine, hauling the concrete to dedicated floor, vibrating, spreading & finishing. Simulation has been run for different combination of resources. The results show that simulation model is very effective to select the optimum combination of resource that produces minimum project duration and cost. It is hoped that the study will be a guideline for the construction projects to ensure minimum duration and resources while casting of slabs