Year 2019

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POPULATION ECOLOGY, DAMAGE EXTENT OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR JHUM AND RICE-COTTON INTERCROPPING IN CHOTTOGRAM HILL TRACTS OF BANGLADESH
(Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2019) HAQUE, MD. AHSANUL
The study comprised four experiments conducted at four separate trials at jhum and intercrop fields in different hills of Bandarban, Rangamati and Kagrachari during March 2014 to February 2016 to find out insect pests of existing cropping system, identify common insect pests their population dynamics and extent of damage in addition evaluate effective pest management approaches for jhum and rice-cotton intercropping system at hill region of Bangladesh. The field experiments were conducted in RCBD from farmer’s field of jhum and rice-cotton intercropping on hill during April 2015 to January 2016. Among the 150 farmers, average, 19.33% received pest management and other training whereas 80.67% did not received any types of training. Jhumian people were used to their traditional practice to suppressed pest and diseases. Forty eight insect mite pests on rice, country bean (22), hill sesame (30), cowpea (17), yard long bean (16), marpha served as (18), okra (13), eggplant (24), chili (11), maize (12), roselle (6), whereas cotton plant serve as a host for an extensive range of insect mite (45) similar to rice. Among them leaf webber on sesame, BSFB on eggplant, fruit flies on marpha and cucumber, mite and thrips on chili and red cotton bug on cotton were reflected as major insect mite pests. Nonetheless phloem-feeders bugs, aphid, jassid, whitefly, leaf feeding epilachna beetle and grasshoppers were abundance extent of damage were maximum on different jhum crops and intercrops thus considered as major. The infestation by the major and promising insect and mite pests and their abundance, seasonal incidence their extent of damage of jhum and hill rice-cotton intercrop significantly varied with mean temperature, rainfall and humidity. Farmer’s practices of Jhumian people treatment were less effective to suppress the insect pests predominant on hill districts. The rate of infestation, decreasing invasion over untreated control, yields, monsoon season, accessibility at hills, their traditional practices on different crops in jhum and hill rice-cotton intercrop, chemical treatment T (spraying Voliam Flexi 300 SC @ 0.5 ml Liter -1 3 water at 25 days interval) was most effective and other chemical treatments also performed significant and recovering of yield than traditional practices and untreated control plots.
BIO-ECOLOGY HOST PREFERENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF CUCURBIT FRUIT FLY
(DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2019) YESMIN, MONOWARA
Thestudy was conducted in the experimental field and laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during March 2016 to August 2018 to evaluate bio-ecology, host preference and management of cucurbit fruit fly. In Bangladesh, farmers were faced problem in cultivation of cucurbitaceous crops in the field due to cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae), the main insect pest of cucurbitaceous crops.The study revealed that, cucurbit fruit fly can attack all types of cucurbitaceous crops. But the infestation become low in kharif season and high in rabi season. Among different types of cucurbitaceous crops cucurbit fruit fly attacks more in bitter gourd and less in sweet gourd. In bio-ecology study, theaverage days for egg incubation (1.7 and 2.7 days), larval period (4.3 and 5.5 days), pupal period (5.9 and 9.8 days),male adult longevity (5.9 and 13.3 days) and female adult longevity (6.7 and 15.8 days) of cucurbit fruit fly were observed at room temperature(±30℃ and ± 85 RH) and laboratory condition(25℃ and 80% RH), respectively.Average ovipositional period of adult female cucurbit fruit flies under room temperature and laboratory condition were 1.4 and 2.9 days, respectively.Average length and breadth of cucurbit fruit flies eggs, larvae, pupa, adult male and female were 1.14 and 0.22,7.9and 2.04,6.2 and 2.38,7.4 and 11.4 and 9.3 and 15.69 mm, respectively.In early, mid and late fruiting stage, the lowest fruit infestation by number and percent fruit infestationby number over control were found in T 2 (6.28 and 76.72%, 12.89 and 83.78% and 14.67 and 83.20%, respectively), using the poison bait trap in the field. In early, mid and late fruiting stage, the lowest fruit infestation by weight and percent fruit infestationby weight over control were found in T 2 (19.30 and 78.73%, 6.18 and 92.48% and 11.98 and 86.63%, respectively). In early, mid and late fruiting stage, the highest percent edible portion of infested bitter gourd was found in T 2 (66.58%, 75.25% and 75.84%, respectively). The highest number of fruit per plot, single fruit weight, length of single healthy fruit and yield of bitter gourd were found in T 2 (62.33 fruits/plot, 86.04g, 20.66 cm and 17.87 ton/ha, respectively). From the comparative study, poison bait trap (50.00 fruit fly/ trap) was more effective than pheromone trap (19.00 fruit fly/ trap) in terms of capturing adult cucurbit fruit flies throughout the cropping season. The highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) (2.47) was calculated in T 2 , where the total adjusted net return was counted as benefit. In the study of IPM packages for cucurbit fruit fly management, the highest captured fruit flies (36.00 flies) was found in IPM package 1comprised with pheromone trap along with poison bait trap.In early, mid and late fruiting stage, the lowest fruit infestation by number, fruit infestation by weight, edible portion of infested fruit, length of single fruit and girth of single fruit were found in IPM package 1 (22.44%, 11.83%, 90.75%, 21.61 cm and 12.78 cm; 16.66%, 17.37%, 87.67%, 23.22 cm and 14.05 cm and 13.68%, 25.87%, 92.91%, 22.75 cm and 13.24 cm, respectively). The highest number of fruit per plot, single fruit weight and yield of bitter gourd were found in IPM package 1 (76.33 fruits/plot, 50.13g and 12.76 ton/ha, respectively)in the field.
POPULATION DYNAMICS, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COCONUT MITE, ACERIA GUERRERONIS KEIFER IN SOUTHERN REGION OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2019) ISLAM, MD. ISHAQUL
The study was made in the southern region of Bangladesh viz, Jashore, Satkhira, Barishal and Bagerhat as well as in the Central Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during June 2015 to May 2017 to evaluate the population dynamics, damage assessment and management of coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in southern region of Bangladesh. In the southern districts of Bangladesh, coconut growers’ were aware about the coconut mite as a major pest of coconut and also took some management practices against this mite. The study revealed significant variations in the average population of coconut mite on different aged coconut nuts. The highest population of coconut mite was observed in April, 2017 in Jashore region (18.44 coconut mites/ 4 sq mm), followed by in Satkhira region (14.81), in Barishal region (9.97) and in Bagerhat region (4.02 coconut mites/ 4 sq mm). On the other hand, the lowest population of coconut mite was observed in August, 2017 in Jashore region (0.85 coconut mites/ 4 sq mm), followed by in Satkhira region (0.51), in Barishal region (0.34) and in Bagerhat region (0.34 coconut mites/ 4 sq mm). There was distinct effect of weather factors on the population of coconut mite specially decline of population with high rainfalls. All coconut trees were infested by the coconut mite from September, 2016 to June, 2017 of Jashore, Satkhira, Barishal and Bagerhat districts of Bangladesh. On the basis of damage extent to coconuts the mean grading index in the month of June, 2017, Jashore region showed the highest value 4.40 following Satkhira region (4.11), Barisal region (3.89), Bagerhat region (3.61) and the South-West region of Bangladesh (4.00). The size of infested coconuts was affected the length, breadth and weight of coconut nut being 26.82 cm, 50.4 cm and 1.51 kg respectively for Grade-1 infested coconut nut, 24.32cm, 47.84 cm and 1.25 kg for Grade-2, 23.83 cm, 47.39 cm and 1.24 kg for Grade-3, 23.32 cm, 44.32 cm and 1.17 kg for Grade-4 and 22.23 cm, 42.99 cm and 1.01 kg, respectively for Grade5 infested coconut nut. In the study of efficacy of chemical treatments against coconut mite, T 3 (Intrepid 10SC @ 4ml/L of water) showed the best performance with 100.00 % mortality while T 0 (untreated control) showed the lowest performance with 0.00 % at 12, 24 and 36 hours after treatment application. The treatment application as IPM in coconut orchard in Jashore region was effecti9ve in 12 months in IPM package P 4 (Intrepid 10SC @ 4ml/L of water and neem oil cake @ 5 kg/tree) that reduced the mite infestation at 1.67% over untreated plants.