Year 2020

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FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF MUSTARD CULTIVATION IN BELKUCHI UPAZILA OF SIRAJGANJ DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) MD. AL IMRAN
The study was undertaken to determine financial profitability and resource use efficiency of mustard cultivation as well as major constrains faced by farmers at farm level. The study was conducted in two villages namely Garamashi and Chandanganti under Belkuchi upazila of Sirajganj district. Data were collected by using interview schedule from the randomly selected 60 respondents during 1 i st January to 30 January, 2020. After analyzing the data per hectare mustard cultivation, total cost of production was Tk. 48462, Tk. 51411 and Tk. 55435 for small, medium and large farm respectively. Per hectare gross return was Tk. 65450, Tk. 64700 and Tk. 63950 for small, medium and large farm respectively. Per hectare gross margin was Tk. 38596, Tk. 35789 and Tk. 31954 for small, medium and large mustard cultivation respectively. Net return was calculated by deducting gross cost from gross return and these were Tk. 16988, Tk. 13289 and Tk. 8515 for small, medium and large mustard cultivation farm respectively. Benefit cost ratio was 1.35, 1.26 and 1.15 for small, medium and large mustard cultivation respectively. From Cobb-Douglas production function analysis, it was observed that the coefficients of human labour, seed, MoP and pesticides were significant at different level of probability for small, medium and large mustard cultivation farm respectively and the coefficients of urea and TSP was not significant while the coefficients of pesticide were negatively significant for mustard cultivation respectively. Resource use efficiency indicated that all of the resources were under used for mustard cultivation except overutilization of urea and pesticide. So, there is a positive effect of key factors in the production process of mustard cultivation. This study also identified some of the problems associated with mustard cultivation. The findings revealed that lack of credit facility was the 1 st problem followed by high price of fertilizers and Lack of storage facility was last obstacle of mustard cultivation in the study area. Therefore, credit facilities are the first suggestion to overcome the problem.
PROFITABILITY OF SHING FISH (HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS) IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) MOUTUSI, NADIA NUSRAT
Fish is one of the most valuable components of agricultural sector which contributes to the livelihoods and employment of millions of people in Bangladesh. In 2017-18, this sector contributes 3.57 percent to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and more than one-fourth (25.30 %) to the broad agricultural sector GDP, which plays a significant role in meeting the protein demand, earning foreign exchange and socio-economic development of the rural poor people. The overall objectives of the present study were to depicts the socio-demographic profile of shing producing farmers and estimates profitability of shing fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) at Haluaghat upazila in Mymensingh district where adequate amount of shing farm were available. We collected data from 60 sample farmers through face- to-face interview. After analyzing the data, per hectare gross return, net return, and gross margin were estimated as Tk. 1,720,891 Tk. 864768 and Tk. 953968 respectively. Per hectare total cost and total variable cost were calculated as Tk. 856123 and Tk. 766923 Finally, I found Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 2.01 on total cost and 2.24 on cash cost basis which indicates that shing fish farming is highly profitable. In this thesis, I found five variables which are Fingerling cost, Human labor cost, Feed cost, Cost of fertilizer and cost of medicine where feed cost and Cost of fertilizer were highly significant and other three variables were insignificant in shing fish production. Moreover, I calculated R was 0.62 which indicated that goodness of fit of the regression model was satisfactory. In this study number of problems were also identified which were classified as technical problem, economical problems, and social problem during shing fish farming. Some policy recommendations were also given at the end of the study which will be helpful to the shing fish farmer to establish a well-planned production system.
PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF BROILER FARMING IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF GAZIPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) JEBA, KAMRUN NAHAR
Bangladesh, being a predominantly agrarian country, encompasses a large pressure of population and to satisfy nutrient content and other needs, broiler plays a crucial role in providing nutrition and generating income and employment opportunities. This study examines the socio-economic status, profitability and resource use efficiency of broiler production in selected areas of Gazipur district. A total of 60 broiler farms from five villages of Kaliakhair Upzila of Gazipur district were selected by adopting simple random method by using interview schedule through face to face interview. Both tabular and Cob-Douglas production function were used to find out the results. The study showed that on average total cost of per thousand broilers per year was Tk. 942025. It was revealed that the variable cost per thousand broilers annually was Tk. 885348 which constitutes 93.98 percent of total cost. The total fixed cost of per thousand broilers per year was Tk. 56677. It was evident that the gross return per thousand broilers per year was Tk. 1338400. The net return over total cost of per thousand broilers per year was Tk. 396375. The benefit cost ratios of broiler farming were 1.51 and 1.42 on variable cost basis and total cost basis, respectively. The study showerd that broiler production was a profitable enterprise. The study indicated that out of six variables included within the function, three variables have positive impact on the return of broiler farms. The study also determined the resource use efficiency of some specific variables such as feed, day-old chick, human labor and veterinary services on output among which feed and day old chick were underutilized where human labor and veterinary services were over utilized. This study also identified some economic, marketing, technical, social and natural problems faced by farmers during rearing the broiler. Finally, on the premise of findings of this study, some recommendations were made such as the farmers should be provided with reasonable price of feed and day-old chick, credit and training facilities and proper price of broiler product for the development of this enterprise in Bangladesh.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF AROMATIC RICE PRODICTION IN DINAJPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) HOSSAIN, MD. FARUQUE
The purpose of the study was to describe some selected socio-economic characteristics of the aromatic rice cultivars; to estimate the cost and returns of aromatic rice production; to determine the profitability of aromatic rice production in the study areas; to identify the factors affecting profitability of aromatic rice production and to identify the problems faced by farmers in aromatic rice cultivation. The study was undertaken purposively in Chirirbandar under Dinajpur district. Validated and well- structured interview schedule (questionnaire) was used to collect data from 105 aromatic rice cultivars during 5 i th June, 2019 to 30 th June, 2019. Per hectare gross return of aromatic rice cultivation was Tk. 141628. Per hectare gross margin was Tk. 93456 for aromatic rice production. Total net return was estimated Tk. 62904 for aromatic rice production per hectare. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.80 for aromatic rice production. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was carried out for examining the factors affecting the profitability of input use. In most of the cases the coefficients of human labor, seeds, urea, gypsum and manure had significant positive effect on production of aromatic rice production, but zinc sulphate showed negative significant effect on aromatic rice cultivation. The values of the coefficient of multiple determination of aromatic rice production was 0.79 which implied that about 79 percent of the total variation in the gross return could be explained by the included explanatory variables of the model. Low price of aromatic rice was the 1st problem followed by high price of fertilizer, lack of quality seed and lack of adequate transportation facilities was the last problem in aromatic rice production.
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFECIENCY OF BRRI Dhan29 IN SOME SELECTED HAOR AREAS OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) RATUL, MD. ZIAUL KABIR
The present study has been undertaken in the haor areas to investigate the socio-economic profile of the BRRI Dhan29 producers, to estimate per hectare costs and returns of BRRI Dhan29 production, to determine the productivity and profitability level of BRRI Dhan29 cultivation, to determine the resource use efficiency in BRRI Dhan29 cultivation, identify the problems faced by the farmers in BRRI Dhan29 cultivation and to recommend policy implications deriving from the facts above. A total number of 70 BRRI Dhan29 growers were randomly selected by using stratified random sampling technique of which 35 are from Mithamain upazila and 35 from Austogram upazila. Data were collected from the respondents through direct interview method. The collected data were then analyzed following descriptive as well as Cobb-Douglas production function analysis. It was found that on an average, the surveyed farm families consisted of 8 members of whom 3 were male, 3 were female and 2 were children. The highest portion (68%) of the farmers was within the age group of 15-65 years. On an average, about 40 percent farmers were educated. Agriculture was the major and only occupation of most of the farmers (82%). About 76.3% of the sample of the BRRI Dhan29 growers is small farmers having their own cultivable land 0.76 hectares. Average farm size was 1.82 ha in the study area. Boro -fallow -fallow was the major cropping pattern in the haor area and in the study area average cropping intensity was found to be very low, it was just 127%. Considering all farms, per hectare variable cost was Tk. 41,445 and Tk. 52560. Per hectare gross return from BRRI Dhan29 was estimated Tk. 88081.71,per hectare Gross Margin was Tk. 46637 and net return was Tk. 35522.2. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was estimated to be 1.68 on full cost basis. The findings led to the conclusion that seed, human labor and irrigation significantly affected the return from BRRI Dhan-29. On the other hand, fertilizer and insecticides were found insignificant. Impact of human labor was found to be negative. Human labor was found to be over utilized but all the other input variables such as seed, fertilizer, insecticides and irrigation were found underutilized. Return to scale was estimated to be 8.16. So we can say BRRI Dhan29 cultivation in haor area was profitable. However, many problems were associated with BRRI Dhan29 cultivation like, floods, quality seed crisis in the sowing period, fertilizer crisis and cost, shortage of hired labor in the peak period, high wage rate, high irrigation cost, diseases, short duration HYV variety and lack of cooperation from Upazila Agriculture Officer (AO), lack of communication facilities and inadequate storage facilities were the major problems. Establishing embankment to prevent sudden flood was the mostly suggested solution from the farmers to prevent flood in haor area. Electricity supply for irrigation was also suggestion from the farmers. Farmers also suggested to reduce input cost and to raise output prices. The concerned agencies should be particularly aware of those problems and take necessary measures to solve those as far as possible.
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIECY OF HIGH YIELDING RICE VARIETIES (HYV's) AND LOCAL RICE VARIETIES OF TRANSPLANT AMAN (T.AMAN) IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NARAIL DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) ROY, PARTHA PROTIM
Rice cultivation is one of the oldest agricultural practices for farmers of Narail district. Transplant and Broadcast both Aman rice are popular for farming here. Some local varieties are so popular that they restrict the popularity of modern Aman rice. By this thesis work we were trying to find out the financial comparison of this two types of Aman rice. This study was conducted during December, 2019. In Narail district there are three upazilas: Narail Sadar upazila, Kalia upazila and Lohagara upazila. The total sample sizes from three upazilas were 60 T. Aman rice cultivators. The number of sample from each upazila was 20 rice cultivators. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select the farmers who cultivate T. Aman rice in this area for collecting the data. In this study, both descriptive and statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The profitability of local and HYV T.Aman cultivation was estimated by using gross margin, net return, and benefit cost analysis. Cob-Douglas production function analysis was used to estimate the significance level of inputs. Then resource use efficiency was calculated in this research. The research found that young energetic farmers were interested in HYV’s cultivation. But the experienced farmers were interested in local varieties cultivation. For local T.Aman varieties gross margin was calculated taka 33508.73 per hectare and for HYV T.Aman varieties gross margin was calculated taka 67304.38 per hectare. Gross margin of HYV’s was calculated 33795.65 taka more than local T.Aman. On the other hand for local T.Aman net return was calculated taka 18092.77 per hectare and for HYV T.Aman varieties net return was calculated taka 36150.54 per hectare. The net return of HYV’s was calculated 18057.77 taka higher than local T.Aman. Benefit cost ratio for local T.Aman full cost and variable cost basis were calculated 1.56 and 2.98 which were greater than the HYV T.Aman 1.49 and 2.59. The thesis found producing local varieties was profitable here. The effect of land preparation cost, seedling cost and TSP cost were significant for local T.Aman rice. Other taken variables had insignificant effect on local T.Aman rice. Human labor cost, seedling cost, manure cost and supplementary irrigation cost had significant effect on gross return of HYV T,Aman rice. It was found from resource use efficiency that human labor, seeds, manure and pesticides were over utilized in local T.Aman. Farmars should reduce use of these inputs. Land preparation, Urea, TSP, DAP, Gypsum, ZnSO 4 and Irrigation were underutilized and Page | II farmers should increase use of this inputs to obtain efficiency. On the other hand Seeds, TSP, MOP, Gypsum and ZnSO 4 were over utilized in HYV T.Aman. Farmars should reduce use of these inputs. Human labor, Land preparation, Urea, SSP, DAP, Manure, Pesticides and irrigation were underutilized and farmers should increase use of this inputs to obtain efficiency. The problems of cultivating T.Aman were high input price, insufficient credit facilities/ lack of capital, shortage of agricultural labor, high wage rate, poor agronomic practice, lack of scientific knowledge and training, attack by pests and diseases, inadequate and underdeveloped market, lack of storage facilities, natural disaster etc. Government, non-government organizations and other organs of agricultural sectors should take necessary actions to overcome these problems.
WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN HOMESTEAD VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF PATUAKHALI DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) SULTANA, SADIA
The purpose of the study was to determine the level of participation of the women in homestead vegetable production and profitability in three unions namely Angaria, Sreerampur and Lebukhali under Patuakhali district. A structured interview schedule was applied to collect data. Data were collected from selected 90 rural women (30 from each of three unions) purposively during the period from 16 August to 30 September 2019 and Tabular and statistical technique such as Cobb-Douglas production functions were used to achieve the major objectives of the study. Results revealed that, on average 74%, 47% & 63% women predominantly involved in vegetable production and earned Tk. 234,924.00, Tk. 102,109.71 and Tk. 135,482.37.44 in the selected Angaria, Sreerampur and Lebukhali unions. Vegetables like Brinjal, Bean, Cucumber and Papaya had been the common ones in the study areas and duly used in the study to fulfill the objectives. Some socio-economic characteristics of the respondent rural women like educational level, farm size, annual family income and training experience had a significant and positive relationship with their extent of participation in homestead vegetable production. This study also identified some of the economic, technical and social problems and constrained faced by the rural women to undertake homestead vegetable production. Finally, recommendations were made to increase production of vegetables by making each inch of homestead usable.
PROFITABILITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) RAHMAN, MOSHIUR
Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country. Agriculture has an enceinte contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Various types of crops are produced in this country. These crops can be categorized into two; food crops and cash crops. Potato is one of the food-stuff of the most people of the world as well as Bangladesh. This research was conducted to find out the problems that the farmers face in cultivation and to study the trend of production of potato and relationship between production and export of potato of Bangladesh. The study aimed to analyze the technical efficiency and profitability of potato production by smallholder farmers in Munshiganj district. A total of 60 farmers were selected randomly from the study area. Data were collected through farm survey by using a suitable pre-tested questionnaire in December 2019-January 2020. Profitability analysis, Cobb-Douglas production function, VP, FC and Net return model were used to analyze the objectives. The major findings of the study reveal that potato production is profitable. Average gross return, gross margin and net return were found Tk. 2,23,202.71, Tk. 1,40,324.91 and Tk. 89,045.35, respectively. Benefit-cost ratio was found 1.66. The key production factors, i.e. human labour, land preparation, seed, fertilizer, insecticides and irrigations had significant effect on gross return of potato. In the technical inefficiency effect model experience, farm size, training and credit service have expected (negative) coefficients. The negative coefficient of farm size implies that large farm households are technically more efficient than small farm households. The negative coefficient of credit service postulates that farmers taking loan for producing potato are technically more efficient than others. The coefficient of training implies that training farmers are technically more efficient than non- training farmers. The positive coefficient of extension service is positive meaning that these factors have no impact on the technical inefficiency. That is, these factors do not reduce or increase technical inefficiency of producing potato. Major problem faced by the potato farmers were lower price of potato during harvesting period, price fluctuation, shortage of capital, high charge of cold storage, lack of good quality seed, perish ability of potato, poor storage facility, higher price of inputs and lack of marketing facility etc. Proper steps should be postulated by Government to puzzle out this problem. At long last it will be helpful to the planners and policy makers in contriving micro or macro level policy for the enlargement of potato production in the country.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF BORO RICE CULTIVATION IN JAMALPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) ISLAM, MD. RABIUL
Bangladesh is the country with distinct agricultural setting. It is the most populous country in the world with 163.7 million populations and population density of 1103 person per square kilometer. Boro rice production plays an important role in achieving food security of Bangladesh. Due to high population growth rate, food security has become a burning issue in Bangladesh economy where 21.8 percent people lived under poverty level. Efficiency of Boro rice producer is an important factor because of rice is the staple food in Bangladesh. Annual consumption of rice is 134.02 kg. per capita in Bangladesh. This study attempted to examine the profitability and technical efficiency level of Boro rice farmers and inefficiency factors which affects production. One hundred and twenty (120) Boro rice farmers has been selected through simple random sampling procedure from three villages under Jamalpur Sadar upazila of Jamalpur district which comprising of 40 farmers from each village. The study has employed Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function to estimate technical efficiency for Boro rice cultivation. Result reveals that per hectare total cost of production was Tk. 114931.68 per hectare. Gross returns was Tk. 120600.43 and net returns was Tk. 5668.75. Per hectare yields of Boro rice was found 6940 kg. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found 1.05 which implied that one taka investment in Boro rice production generated Tk. 1.05. The mean technical efficiency of the Boro rice was 87 percent. Human labour, seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, irrigation and power tiller (for land preparation) were important factors for production of Boro rice. Education, experience, farm size and training has expected negative sign which can reduce the farmer’s inefficiency in the study area. The study also identified some problems faced by the Boro rice growers and suggested some recommendations to improve the present Boro rice production.
PROFITABILITY OF BORO RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SELECTED AREAS OF JASHORE DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2020) RUSHI, SHARMIN AKTAR
The purpose of the study was to describe the socio-economic characteristics of Boro rice farmers; to estimate the cost and return of Boro rice cultivation; to find out the factors that affecting profitability of Boro rice cultivation and to identify problem faced by the farmers in Boro rice production. The study was undertaken purposively in Chaugachha upazila under Jashore district. Validated and well- structured interview schedule (questionnaire) was used to collect data from 90 boro rice cultivars during 1 st June, 2019 to 30 th June, 2019. Per hectare gross return of boro rice cultivation under small, medium and large farms were Tk. 144520, Tk. 146654 and Tk. 146893. Per hectare gross margin were Tk. 80457, Tk. 77711 and Tk. 72129 per hectare for small, medium and large boro rice farm. Total net return was estimated Tk. 44475, Tk. 47109 and Tk. 41065 for small, medium and large boro rice farm per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were 1.44, 1.47 and 1.40 for small, medium and large boro rice farm. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was carried out for examining the factors affecting the profitability of input use. In most of the cases the coefficients of seeds, irrigation, TSP, manure, pesticides and zinc sulphate had significant positive effect on production of boro rice farms, but human labor showed negative significant effect on boro rice cultivation. The values of the coefficient of multiple determination of rice production was 0.87 which implied that about 87 percent of the total variation in the gross return could be explained by the included explanatory variables of the model. Resource use efficiency indicated that all of the resources were under-utilization for rice production except over- utilization of human labor and TSP. Low yield and unstable price was the l i st problems in the study and natural calamities was the last problem.

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