Year 2022

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FARMERS ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO DROUGHT AND THEIR DETERMINANTS IN NORTHWESTERN PARTS OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) RAHMAN, SOMAIYA
The study was conducted to identify the farmers’ current adaptation strategies to drought and their determinants in northwestern parts of Bangladesh. The locale of the study was Tanore and Nachole Upazila under Rajshahi and Chapainawabgonj districts in Bangladesh. A total of 150 farmers were selected through simple random sampling. Face-to-face interviews were performed to gather data. The descriptive statistics and econometric model (Poisson Regression Model) were applied to achieve the objectives of the study. The number of strategies adoption constituted the dependent variable, and the selected ten farmer characteristics were regarded as the independent variables. Statistical analysis shows that gender, education, agricultural training received and agriculture related credit received had positive and significant relationship with the adoption of adaptation strategies in drought. Credit was found as the most significant positive factor on adopting a set of adaptation strategies, holding the co-efficient of 0.28. Some barriers to adoption were mentioned by farmers such as; lack of irrigation water, lack of knowledge concerning appropriate adaptation, low credit facilities, and lack of adequate extension services. Therefore, provision of necessary measures (re-excavation of canal, installation of more deep tube-wells, motivating farmers to adopt drought tolerant varieties, affordable access to credit, community-based education and training programs) by the concerned authorities are preferable for improvement of the northwestern farmers’ adaptation status.
IMPACT OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN AGRICULTURE ON CHILD LABOUR IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) AKTER, MAHBUBA
One of the most effective strategies for reducing child labour is women empowerment. The key purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of women empowerment through agriculture and reduction of child labour in some villages at Narsingdi district in Bangladesh. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 100 respondents from some villages. The logistic regression model is used here to assess the impact of women’s empowerment on child labour. The main findings indicated that about 98% respondents had child helping hand who don’t use to go to school, but after starting work of the women of that family the education, nutrition of the chlildren increases. Agriculture as well as livestock rearing was the main occupation among the respondents. Most of the respondents were found owner and labour of their work. Their main source of income provided from some occupation like- business, service, fish farming, livestock rearing, and day laboring. The respondents have overall good farming experience. Most of the respondents (99%) have Leadership quality and were able to make their own decision. The economic participation rate in family of the respondents was very high (100%), on the other hand they (18%) had little loan opportunities. The study suggests that there needs a lot of work for empowering women to eradicate child labour. Government and nongovernment organizations should take proper step to increase women empowerment as well as ensure women’s fundamental rights make their life easy and make them more empowered so that women can generate income and be provided with greater access to finance then families can be lifted out of poverty and children are more likely to stay in school. Because the additional income helps families to mitigate the need to rely on children for labour. As a result, it is apparent that as women empowerment rises the problem of child labour decreases
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS BETWEEN SUMMER TOMATO AND WINTER TOMATO IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF CUMILLA DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) ROYHAN, ABU
Vegetables are essential for giving nutrition, generating cash, and creating work possibilities in Bangladesh, a South Asian nation that is heavily dependent on agriculture and is both extremely impoverished and densely populated. To assess the profitability, contribution of factors to production, and changes in the socioeconomic status of the farmers, a study was conducted in Rarirchar, Borogovindapur and Madhaya villages of Chandina Upazilla to examine the profitability, contribution of factors in yield, and socioeconomic status of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) producing farmers. The study was conducted used a straightforward random sampling technique. To evaluate the effects on tomato output, the major production parameters included seeds, labor, land preparation, fertilizer, manure, irrigation, and pesticides were taken into account. Summer tomatoes produced by farmers brought in the best profit of the two varieties. Summer tomato gross returns per hectare was Tk. 1206555 and net return was Tk. 557838, while winter tomato gross returns were Tk. 825538, and the equivalent net returns were Tk. 204984. The benefit cost ratio for summer tomatoes was 1.86 while the benefit cost ratio for winter tomatoes was 1.33. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was approximately 0.68 for summer tomatoes, indicating that the independent variables can account for about 68 percent of differences in tomato production and R 2 was 0.671 for winter tomatoes and indicating that the independent variables can account for about 67 percent of differences in tomato production. The results showed that the variables for irrigation, fertilizer, and insecticides had a significant favorable impact on tomato output for both summer and winter tomatoes. In terms of resource efficiency, hired labor and irrigation are overutilized for both summer and winter tomatoes. However, for both types, less manure, fertilizer, and land preparation is underutilized
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF ONION AND GARLIC PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF SHARIATPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) MANDOL, PROSANTO
This piece of research was undertaken in order to assess the comparative profitability and resource use efficiency of onion and garlic production in Shariatpur District. A total number of 60 farmers were randomly selected. Necessary statistical analyses were performed to achieve the objectives of the study. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the effects of individual inputs on and resource use efficiency of onion and garlic production. Per hectare total return for onion and garlic was about Tk.557023 and Tk. 665706, gross margin was about Tk. 361507 and Tk. 447925 and the net return was about Tk. 286487 and Tk. 371438 respectively. The undiscounted benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 2.06 and 2.26 for onion and garlic production respectively. The results indicated that garlic production was more profitable than the onion production. The net return was influenced by most of the factors included in land preparation, human labor, seed, fertilizer, irrigation and machinery. The return to scale of onion and garlic production was 1.46 and 1.10 respectively. This implies that the production function exhibits increasing return to scale. Resource use efficiency indicated that all of the resources were under used for onion production except overutilization of seed or bulb and zinc fertilizer. On the other hand, it indicated that all of the resources were under used for garlic production except overutilization of MoP fertilizer. Farmers producing onion and garlic faced problems related to production and marketing of the crops. It may be concluded that the farmers should be encouraged to grow more garlic rather than onion as a means of increasing farm income through diversification of crop production in the area under study.
SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GINGER CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NILPHAMARI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) RANA, MD MASUD
The study was aimed to assess the cost, return, and profitability of ginger farming in specific districts of Bangladesh. It has potential to be marketed both domestically and internationally. Bangladesh's Nilphamari district makes a major contribution to the nation's overall production of ginger. In this region, the climate and land composition are suitable for ginger growth. The aim of this study is to explore the performance of ginger cultivating in this district and to identify the challenges and prospects of ginger cultivation .This research made use of primary data. The study indicates that the gross margin, net return, and return per hectare were found to be Tk.738038.76, Tk.568259.09, and Tk.1053910.6 respectively. Necessary descriptive and statistical analyses are done to achieve the objectives. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to assess the impacts of various inputs on ginger cultivation, and the undiscounted benefit-cost ratio for ginger cultivation was 2.17 in this study. The result found that ginger cultivation was profitable. According to the Cobb-Douglas production function, ginger production has a decreasing return to scale. The model's co-efficient of multiple determination R was 0.40 for ginger cultivation, indicating that the explanatory variables included in the model explained approximately 40% of the variation in gross return .Farmers in the research region stated that challenges such as the occurrence of root rot disease, high seed prices, insect infestation, and so on are major problems for their production and require the attention of the appropriate authority to solve.
ADOPTION DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER USE ON BORO RICE PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF PABNA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) BISWAS, CHHANDA
Now a days organic farming is an important and most demandable method in agriculture. Rice plays a pivotal role in all sphere of life and when it comes to food security of the rural farmers. It is the most important commodity in terms of livelihood and food. It is not only staple food but also center of the entire Bengali life. Among various types of rice, Boro rice is grown all over the Bangladesh for export as well as domestic market. The present study was designed to analyze the socio-economic profile of the respondent, find out the determinants of organic fertilizer use on Boro rice production and identify the problems of organic fertilizer use on Boro rice production. Three villages were selected under Sujanagar Upazila and others two villages from Bera Upazila. Farmers are mainly using cowdung and compost as the organic fertilizer in the Boro rice production. Primary data were collected through purposively random sampling from 120 farmers. About 60 farmers use organic fertilizer in Boro rice production, whereas others 60 farmers who did not use organic fertilizer. Descriptive Statistics, Binary Logistic Regression model used in the study. Majority of the farmers who used organic fertilizer was medium aged farmers with medium family size, and they had completed their secondary level of schooling with medium income. In the contrary, who did not use organic fertilizer, had medium family size with medium income, and they had no formal education. Most of the organic fertilizer user did not use of credit facility, whereas inorganic fertilizer user use credit facility, although organic fertilizer user more engaged on various organizational membership than inorganic fertilizer user. Organic fertilizer user having livestock, but most of the inorganic fertilizer user have no livestock. The Logistic Regression Model reveals that education, training, extension service, information access, livestock, market distance, bicycle/van ownership were significant and positive, on the other hand age, family size, credit facility were significant and negative. Among various problems of using organic fertilizer on Boro rice production, lack of credit facility ranked first, high price of inputs ranked second, and lack of training ranked third position in the study area. This scenery will be changed with adequate use of credit facility, provision of organic fertilizer to the farmers. Government should give more emphasis on training and raising awareness on organic fertilizer use on Boro rice production.
DETERMINANTS OF LAND SHIFT FROM FIELD CROPS TO MANGO CULTIVATION IN RAJSHAHI REGION OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) KHATUN, MONIRA
The shift of land in favor of high valued crops (such as: fruits) has played an important role in stabilizing and increasing farm income, increasing agricultural expansion, increasing job facilities and also ensuring the best use of the land. Studies on micro- level decision making about shifting land to fruits are very scarce. Hence, a trying was employed to appraise the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, and the factors associated with shifting land from field crops to mango cultivation in the northwestern region of Bangladesh. The study site was Bagha, Shibganj and Nachole upazila under Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj districts of Bangladesh. Using a multistage random sample technique, primary data were gathered from 150 carefully chosen farmers in July - August of 2022. The data was analyzed using binary Probit model and descriptive statistics. The selected 12 characteristics of the respondents were considered as the explanatory variables and shifting decision constituted the dependent variable. Socio-economic factors play an important role in the respondents' behaviors toward shifting decision. Econometric analysis shows that age, contact with AEO, marketing facilities, favorable environment, societal membership and perception price of field crops had a significant effect on the decision to move land. Perception price of field crop was found to be the most significant positive factor determining land shifting decision, holding a marginal effect coefficient of 0.62 respectively. Insect and disease infestations, as well as a lack of technical assistance and training facilities, were among the various obstacles encountered by the respondents. It can be beneficial to offer the required training facilities and a formal loan with a lower interest rate to change the next investment decision of the shifted farmer.
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS BETWEEN LOCAL AND HIGH YIELDING VARIETY OF POTATO IN MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) BISWAS, PROTIC
Potato is a vital crop in Bangladesh, with the country being the fourth-largest producer in Asia. It is contributing significantly to the country's economy and food security. The sample frame for this research was purposively chosen to include areas with extensive potato farming. A sample size of 80 farmers who cultivated potato in Munshiganj district was chosen. This research aimed to investigate the socio-demographic profile of potato farmers, assess the comparative profitability and resource use efficiency of hybrid and local varieties of potatoes, and identify the problems faced by farmers during potato cultivation. The research found that high yielding variety potato cultivation was more profitable than local variety potato cultivation, with an undiscounted benefit cost ratio of 1.20 compared to 1.02 for local variety potato cultivation. The study also found that all the inputs were overutilized. The constrains in potato production and marketing include high rotting rate during storage, low price of output, high cost of storage facilities, scarcity of quality seed, problems of middlemen in the market, lack of modern cultivation knowledge, and unavailability of credit and extension services. The government has implemented policies such as providing fertilizer and seed subsidies and creating potato storage facilities to help potato growers.
PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY FARMING IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF DHAKA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) RAHMAN, ATIKA
Livestock is one of the sectors in Bangladesh that is expanding the fastest. Dairy farming has become more important because of its numerous uses. Monthly revenue is guaranteed in dairy farming. Milk is commonly consumed by humans as it is a good source of nutrients. However, the supply of milk in our nation does not keep up with the demand. Milk production must be increased to close the gap between supply and demand. By improving the technical efficiency of milk production using the existing systems, milk production can be increased. Hence the objective of the present study was to identify the socio-economic characteristics of dairy farmers, measure the productivity and technical efficiency of dairy production, and address the challenges faced by farmers in the study area as well as to suggest policy options to minimize the problems. A Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used to accomplish these objectives. Primary data was collected from 120 randomly selected farmers from the Savar Upazila in Dhaka district. The results indicated that the coefficients of parameters such as family labor cost, hired labor cost, concentrate feed cost, roughage feed cost and utility cost were positive, with family labor cost and utility costs being highly significant. On the other hand, the coefficient of veterinary cost was negative and highly significant. The technical inefficiency effect model revealed that factors such as education, farm experience, training and veterinary service had negative coefficients, indicating that they help in reducing the technical inefficiency of dairy farmers. In terms of the challenges faced by farmers, the high feed cost, lack of capital and lack of marketing facilities were identified as the top three concerns. To address these challenges and enhance dairy production, it is recommended to provide subsidies for purchasing inputs like better breeds of milking cows, cultivating green fodder, buying concentrated feed etc. Also provide training facilities about dairy modern farming, adequate veterinary services and offer accessible credit. This study will provide an important insight for the concerned authority and help to boost dairy production
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY BETWEEN ROSE AND GLADIOLUS CULTIVATION IN SAVAR UPAZILA OF DHAKA DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) HABIB, SHAH AZMAIN
The floriculture sector is rapidly growing and extremely competitive. This research summarizes the current conditions and procedures for cultivation and marketing used by dealers and farmers of cut flowers. The major goals of the current study were to determine market integration of cut flowers in different market in Dhaka, as well as to analyses profitability and variables impacting the cultivation of cut flowers (rose and gladiolus growers). In Dhaka district, Savar upazila were chosen for the study due to the area's extensive cut-flower farming. Data from 77 sample farmers were gathered using a multi-stage random sampling approach and an interview schedule. Following data analysis, the per- hectare costs for roses, gross returns, gross margins, and net returns were Tk. 576861, Tk. 808492, Tk. 433775, and Tk. 231631, respectively, while the costs for gladiolus were Tk. 576703, Tk. 1005231, Tk. 640789, and Tk. 428528, respectively. Benefit cost ratios for the cultivation of roses, and gladiolus were 1:1.40 and 1:1.74, respectively, on a full cost basis. They were 1:2.15 and 1:2.75 on a cash cost basis. Despite the fact that producing roses and gladiolus was quite profitable. About to 92% of farmers who grow roses and 96% of farmers who cultivate gladiolus, respectively, inadequate cold storage and seasonality in demand were the main obstacles for farmers. The resources use efficiency, seed, urea, TSP are underutilize for both rose and gladiolus cultivation human labor and gypsum are over utilize for both this flower cultivation. Finds of suggest that, rose growers require a high yielding rose variety to increase per unit productivity. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize government assistance for ensuring farmers receive a fair price as well as technology diffusion initiatives.
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF BEEF FATTENING IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) AHMED, HUSSAIN
The present study was designed to measure the financial profitability of beef fattening farmers and to estimate the resource use efficiency of beef fattening production in some selected areas of Jhenidah district in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 50 farmers in two upazilas of Jhenidah district following random sampling method. Both tabular and statistical analyses were applied in this study. The major findings of the study revealed that beef fattening was profitable. Total cost of production was Tk. 1,41,558.9 per cow. Gross returns was Tk. 1,73,797.7 and net returns was Tk. 32,238.8. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.23. Production function analysis suggested that, among the variables included in the model, feed cost had negative and significant effect, purchasing cost of calf and medicine and vaccination cost had a positive and significant effect on profitability. On the other hand, electricity cost had negative and insignificant effect , water cost and labour cost had positive but insignificant effect on the gross return of beef fattening production. This study also identified some of the problems and constraints associated with beef fattening production. High price of feed was the main problem of beef fattening. The problems and constraints, of course, are interrelated with one another and hence, need to be removed comprehensively through an integrated programme for the overall development of beef fattening.
ADOPTION DETERMINANTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON TOMATO CULTIVATION IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) ISLAM, SANJIDA
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices are one of the most important technologies which are available in Bangladesh agriculture now-a-days. The present study was undertaken mainly to identify the determinants affecting the adoption of IPM practices by the tomato producers. For achieving the objectives, the study was conducted on 120 tomato farmers of Palash upazila (60) and Shibpur upazila (60) of Narsingdi district, of which 60 were considered as IPM users and 60 as IPM non-users. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to achieve the objectives of the study. Majority of the tomato producers who produced tomato through IPM practices constituted middle aged farmers with middle family size and low farming experience and having small farm size, where most of the tomato producers who did not use IPM had medium farming experience with marginal farm holding and most of them were old aged with medium family size. The determinants that significantly affects adoption decision of IPM were age, education, societal membership, use of hired labor, livestock, training on IPM and distance to local market. Among these variables, training on IPM was the most influencing factor. Therefore, age and distance to local market have negative significance on adoption. Lack of credit, expensive inputs, unavailability of organic fertilizer, inexperienced trainers were some of the constraints faced by the tomato producers for both non-IPM and IPM practices. Government should give more emphasis on training and raising awareness on IPM to influence in using IPM.
PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF TOBACCO CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF LALMONIRHAT DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) KHATUN, MAHMUDA
Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country. Tobacco is the narcotic crop. The purpose of the study was to describe the socio-economic characteristics of tobacco farmers in the study area; to measure the profitability and resource use efficiency of tobacco in selected areas and to identify problem faced by the farmers in tobacco production in the study area. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 61 farmers from two upazillas named Lalmonirhat sadar and Kaliganj of Lalmonirhat district. Both descriptive and econometric model were applied in this study. Total cost of tobacco production was Tk. 175601 per hectare. Gross return of tobacco was Tk. 209279 per hectare, gross margin of tobacco was Tk. 86340 per hectare and that of net return was Tk. 33677 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.19. Production function analysis suggested that, among the variables included in the model, cost of hired labor, cost of urea and cost of MOP had a positive and significant effect on the gross return of tobacco production. Resource use efficiency indicated that hired labor, seed, Urea, TSP and MOP were underutilized and irrigation and insecticide were overutilized by tobacco farmers. The study identified some problems and constraints faced by the tobacco farmers .Instituitional supports from government and Nongovernment organizations for credit, input and technology may be helpful to increase tobacco cultivation as well as income of tobacco farmers.
PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2022) HABIB, HUMAYRA
The significance of maize production has been steadily increasing in recent years, primarily due to its wide range of diversified applications. The objective of the present study was to identify the socio-economic characteristics of maize farmers, to measure the productivity and technical efficiency of maize production, and address the challenges faced by maize producing farmers in the study area as well as suggest some policy options to address the problems. To achieve these objectives, a Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function were employed. Primary data was collected from 80 randomly selected farmers of the Sirajdikhan and Sreenagar Upazilas in the Munshiganj district. The results indicated that the coefficients of parameters such as seed cost, hired labor cost, machinery used cost, and chemical fertilizer cost were positive, with seed and machinery used costs being highly significant, and the cost of chemical fertilizer cost significant at the 5 percent level. On the other hand, the coefficients of family labor cost, irrigation cost, and insecticide cost were negative, with the costs of irrigation and insecticide found to be insignificant. The technical inefficiency effect model revealed that factors such as age, education, family size, training, livestock rearing, and membership in social organizations were negative, indicating that they help in reducing the technical inefficiency of maize farmers. In terms of the challenges faced by farmers, the high price of quality seeds, natural disasters, and the high cost of labor were identified as the top three concerns. To address these challenges and enhance maize production, it is recommended to reduce seed costs, enhance farm mechanization and provide adequate extension services.