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Item Emotional Intelligence of the Young Adolescents in Relation to Some Environmental Factors in Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2021) Sheikh, Md. Mahid; Khan, Md. Mozibul Huq Azad; Sufi, Anwarul HasanEmotional intelligence is a very significant subject matter of an individual. Specially for the adolescent period. No doubt the adolescent is the most significant period in the human development. In this stage there are a lot of unanswered question agonize the adolescent. In the adolescent period presence of emotional intelligence is very crucial because the person to identify, observe and control their emotions. The present study comprised a sample of 321 adolescent age ranged from 11-14 years was purposively selected from the readily available respondents. The study area was Rajshahi district as plain land (158 respondents) and Satkhira district as low land (163 respondents) of Bangladesh. The adapted Bangla version (Uzzaman and Karim, 2017) of emotional intelligence scale which was originally developed by Hyde et. al (2002) were administered for the data collection. After collecting all the data were checked and rechecked for omission instabilities and uncertainties. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Ethical issues were considered duly in collecting data. The result shows that the rural and urban young adolescents of plain and low land differ in their score of Emotional Intelligence. The urban adolescents possess better emotional intelligence than the rural adolescents. There are also found that the adolescent of private school possesses better emotional intelligence than the Government school adolescent. The adolescents from the favorable family environment possess better emotional intelligence than the adolescent of unfavorable family environment. The middle-class adolescent possesses better emotional intelligence than the lower-class adolescent. Also found that the level of emotional intelligence of male and female is almost same. It was found no significant difference in the score of emotional intelligence between male and female respondents. Finally, the outcomes of the present study revealed that the adolescent of plain land possess higher and normal emotional intelligence mostly where the adolescent of low land possess normal and low emotional intelligence mostly.Item Assessment of Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) Performance and Surface Water Quality in Effluent Discharged Area at Savar Tannery Estate in Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2024) Monira, Umama; Mostafa, Md. Golam; Sattar, Golam SabbirAn enormous amount of effluent that contains a number of harmful substances is produced by tannery industries. In Bangladesh, inadequately treated effluent discharge from the Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) is a significant environmental and social issue. There is a Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) at Savar Tannery Industrial Estate in Bangladesh to treat the composite tannery effluent, which consists of 132 tannery industries. The study is targeted to assess the performance of the Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) and evaluate the surface water and groundwater quality in the effluent discharged area of the Savar tannery estate in Bangladesh. All the samples were collected three times (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) in a year, from the monsoon of 2021 to the pre-monsoon of 2023.The composite effluent samples were collected before entering and discharging points of the CETP and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters to assess the performance of the CETP. There were five surface water samples collected from different locations, starting from the CETP discharge point and at different distances, i.e., 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 meters from the CETP discharge point, and the samples were named SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5, respectively, as well as several groundwater samples collected around the CETP. The study results showed high values of EC, TSS, TDS, TH, BOD, COD, NO3 --N, SO4 2-,HCO3-, PO4 3-, Cl-, and metals (Na, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) in the composite tannery influent and effluent collected from before entering and discharging points of the CETP tannery estate at Savar. The values of the physicochemical and anionic parameters were above the standard permissible limits of effluent discharge prescribed by the ISW-BDSECR (2023), DoE-BD (2023), and NEQS (2000). The higher values of TDS and TSS inthe tannery effluent were due to the presence of various organic and inorganic substances.The pH values were 8.6 and 7.5 in the influent and effluent, respectively, indicating a neutral to slightly alkaline range. The average values of DO, BOD, and COD were 0.7, 573, and 1646 mg/L in the influent and 0.9, 96.7, and 337 mg/L in the effluent, respectively, causing serious surface water pollution in the areas. Higher COD and BOD levels indicate reduced oxygen concentration, or lower DO values, in the influent and effluent. The average EC was 11430 μS/cm in the influent and 10190 μS/cm in theItem Fisheries Eco-Biology of Beel Koshba of Naogaon District(University of Rajshahi, 2007-12) ISLAM, MD. NUR; Rahman, Md. SafinurThe present study was conducted in Beel Koshba of Naogaon district on the fisheries eco- biology during the period July, 2005 to June, 2007. The physical conditions of Beel Koshba consisted of air temperature, rainy days, rainfall, humidity, water temperature, water depth and water transparency were 26.07±4.56°C, 9.54±8.55 days, 113.93±114.01 mm, 79.33±7.94%, 25.365.12°C, 204.96 110.36 cm and 30.91+6.78 cm respectively. The chemical parameters of total hardness, alkalinity, pH, DO, CO2 and ammonia were 146.60±13.36 mg/l, 143.30±9.33 mg/l, 7.05±0.75, 6.03±1.08 mg/l, 8.64±0.88 mg/l and 0.73 0.31 mg/l respectively. The magnitude of monthly and seasonal variations of the physico-chemical factors indicated the eutrophic nature of the beel. A total of 54 species of different plants were found surround the beel area. Eight species of sub-merged, nine species of floating, 19 species amphibian vegetations were found in the beel. A total of 126 species of phytoplankton belonging to the 54 genera and 73 species of zooplankton belonging to the 42 genera were recorded from the beel. A total of 103 species of fish belonging to the 52 genera of 20 families, 10 orders under Osteichthyes class were recorded. Food and feeding habits, seasonal availability, breeding season, habitat and economic importance were also studied in the Beel Koshba. Identified annelids, arthropods, mollusks, amphibian, reptiles, aves and mammals were 8, 11, 15, 8, 21, 40 and 12 respectively. Among these 16 species of edible fisheries items were identified. It has been observed that the abundance of fishes is decreasing day by day due to natural and man made causes and other environmental factors. Some of the species are extinct (Nandus nandus, Chaca chaca), some of the species are threatened to extinction (C. marulius, Bagarius bagarius) in the northwest region of Bangladesh. Disease symptoms of the 12 fish species were studied. The symptoms of the diseases were 13 in number. The symptoms of dermal lesion was observed in all of the infected fish species (12 species), followed by ulcer (11 species), Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (10 species), tail and fin rot (6 species), red spot (6 species), scale loss (5 species), deformed (4), dropsy (3 species), gill rot (3 species), hemorrhage (3 species), black spot (3 species), tumour (2), white spot (2 species). The incidence of diseases were 8.08%, 19.42%, 17.08%, 13.42%, 9.58%, 8.00%, 7.25%, 16.17%, 17.42%, 5.42%, 10.08%, 14.92% in the species Carla catla, Channa punctatus, Channa striatus, Cirrhinus mrigala, Heteropneustes fossilis, Labeo bata, Labeo rohita, Mystus armatus, Mastacembelus pancalus, Mystus vittatus, Puntius sarana, Puntius ticto respectively. The overall incidence was 12.24%. The highest incidence was observed in Channa punctatus (19.42%) followed by Mastacembelus pancalus (17.42%) and Channa striatus (17.08%). The lowest incidence observed in Mystus vittatus (5.42%). The occurrence of diseases was highest in February (24.75%) followed by March (23.92%), January (23.42%), April (19.83%), December (19.75%), November (18.17%), October (4.75%), September (4.00%), May (2.92%), August (2.75%) and July (2.58%). The diseases were found in the month of July-May during the study period July 2005-June 2007, peak in the months of January-March. In case of environmental hazards, natural hazards (flood, drought, tornado and earthquake) and man made hazards (degradation of water quality from agriculture sector, industrial waste and fishermen community) were observed. Environmental hazards from fishermen community were observed on the basis of age group, family size, income group, investment, educational qualification, sanitary system, land ownership, fuel use pattern, housing pattern etc. It was found that the fishermen were the highest (32%) in 21-30 age group and the lowest (4%) in 61-70 age group. In case of total population, 11-20 age group people was the highest (25.66%) and accordingly the lowest (1.54%) in 61-70 age group. Daily income of the fishermen was the highest (50%) in Tk. 61-90 income per day group and the lowest (2%) in above the Tk. 151 group. The highest (36%) investments were in Tk. 2001-4000 group and the lowest (8%) were in highest investment Tk. 8001-10,000 group. The fishermen were mostly illiterate (68%) and 25% near to illiterate i.e. below class five group. Only 1% was secondary school certificate and above. In case of subsidiary occupation, the highest (44%) fishermen sell their labour on daily basis, 24%, 12% and 8% were engaged in agriculture, fish trading and other works respectively. Family type was mostly nuclear. Eighty seven percent families have below 6 members. Only 1% family has above 9 members. In case of land ownership pattern 6% fishermen were absolute land less. Seventy percent fishers have no agricultural land, they have only ancestral homestead. Only 24% fishers have a little piece of agricultural land. Overall average per family has only 0.061 hectare land. They use Lakri, Waste straw, Dry leaves, Nanda and Bhusi as fuel for cooking. Most of the fishes (90%) caught by the fishermen was sold in paikari form and always they set a less amount than expected one. The fishermen have no adequate training (only 8% ). They do not know (88%) the fisheries law. They showed interest (99%) to get training. Seventy percent Muslim and 30% Hindu community were engaged in the occupation of fishing.Item Climatic changes of Rajshahi since 1972(University of Rajshahi, 2017-08) Hossain, Md. Alamgir; Ansary, M. AbdullahThe study was carried out to examine the climatic change, causes, impacts, environmental effects and a survey was conducted to asses the environmental hazards in human life , animals, agricultural patterns etc .The secondary data analysis in Rajshahi station during the period of 39 (thirty nine) years since 1972- 2010. The first chapter points out the issues of the research and its background, and formulates research questions and objectives. Scope, limitations and utility of the present research have been stated here. Available literature has been reviewed here to identify research questions and to rationalize the study. This study deals with the introducing about the global and local climatic changing patterns. Causes, impacts and climatic background have been discussed briefly in chapter two. Especially, it reveals the climatic feature of Rajshahi district and various tables, figures have been presented in chapter three. The forth chapter discusses the research methods and the data sources required for this study. Primary data have been collected from respondents through questionnaire survey, face-to-face interview, and observations. And secondary data have been collected through document analysis from different books, journals, websites and so on. Sample size is 3 88 households where 50 are highly educated, teachers, specialists, officials etc. Random sampling procedure is used to select study respondents from rural and urban. Make a questionnaire surveys and interviews, observing rural and urban area are discussed in this chapter. The data obtained from the secondary sources have been analyzed and mathematically represented in the fifth chapter. Collected data have been presented in different ways. Here we develop various mathematical formulas to predict of different climatic parameters in Rajshahi station, which may be taken model equations for prediction. Some of the parameters have been put into tables and some have been presented in bar-diagrams and pie charts. Chapter six deals with the discussions of causes of climatic elements change. Mainly, we discuss about causes of climatic elements change in Rajshahi district. It includes, Farakka Barrage of upstream of the Padma River and local people opinion about climatic elements change. Also, this study deals with introducing consequences of climatic elements change which have been discussed briefly in chapter six. We discuss various impact of climatic change on crops, trees, surface water, ground water, river, ponds, ditches etc. Local people opinions and influence of Farakka Barrage have been discussed briefly in this chapter. In chapter seven we discuss about strategy and policy which should take in this area. Conclusions have been drawn in chapter eight. Also we cite findings and recommendation of this thesis works. Some hints for further study have been added for future researchers of this field.Item Stock assessment and management Of the stinging catfish (heteropneustes fossilis) in the padma River of northwestern bangladesh considering the Emerging climate change(University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 2021) Parvin, Most. Farida; Hossain, Md. YeaminStinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) is a precious catfish of the order Siluriformes generally known as shinghi or shinghee in Bangladesh. This fish has significant commercial worth because of its exceptional taste, high medicinal significance with high-quality protein, calcium and iron. It is broadly distributed in Bangladesh, Laos, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Mayanmar, and Sri Lanka. A total of 1170 specimens were collected monthly basis using local fishing gears from the Padma River, Bangladesh, during January 2019 to December, 2020. Male and female specimens were identified by gonadal observation under microscope. Individual total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured by measuring board and digital balance with 0.1 cm and 0.01 g precision. The length frequency distribution was calculated by 1.0 cm TL intervals. The length-weight relationship (LWR) was calculated by W=a*Lb. Multiple condition factors (Fulton’s, KF; allometric, KA; Relative, KR and relative weight, WR) were analyzed for assessing the well-being of this species in relation to eco-climatic parameters. To estimate the size at first sexual maturity (TLm), spawning season and peak - spawning season; the GSI (gonadosomatic index in %), MGSI (modified gonadosomatic index in %) and DI (Dobriyal index) were considered. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was used to determine asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), growth performance index (Ø') and life-span (tmax).Total mortality (Z) was estimated through length-converted catch curve method. Natural mortality (M) was determined by log10M = -0.0066 – 0.279log10 L∞ + 0:6543log10K + 0:0463log10T; where T indicates the mean temperature of the habitat (28.5oC). The fishing mortality (F) was calculated by Z-M. Besides, exploitation rate (E) was assessed as E = F/Z = F / (F + M).Recruitment rate was calculated from the analysis of the total time series of LFDs and growth co-efficients using VBGF models. Finally, MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) was determined following the formula of Gulland (1983). The fin formula of H. fossilis is: dorsal, D. 7; pectoral, Pc.1/6-7; pelvic, Pv. 6; anal, A. 62-71; and caudal, C.17-19.The overall sex ratio (male: female=1.00:1.15) varied statistically from the predictable ratio of 1:1 (df = 1, χ2 = 4.85, p < 0.05).The overall growth pattern was possitive allometric (b > 3.00) for both sexes. Total length varied between 8.5-22.3 cm for males and 8.9-37.7 cm for females. The KF was found the best for assessing the well-being of this species. Moreover, KF was found significantly related with temperature for both male and female. The WR indicated that the habitat was in balanced state. Based on GSI, MGSI and DI index, the Lm was documented 15.5 cm in TL. Further, the higher values of GSI, MGSI and DI denoted that the spawning season was extended from May to August, with a peak in June. In addition, GSI was recorded statistically correlated with water temperature.The von Bertalanffy growth function revealed growth coefficient (K = 0.42 year-1), growth performance index (Ø' = 2.84) and life-span (tmax = 4.41year). Further, H. fossilis grew swiftly with an asymptotic length (L∞) of 40.85 cm. We obtained the natural mortality, M =0.93 year-1 is lower than the fishing mortality, F = 1.07 year-1. Therefore, with the current fishing approach, the standing population is not quite sustainable. In addition, the maximum permissible exploitation rate (Emax = 0.450) was less than the calculated exploitation rate (E=0.540). Consequently, overfishing is the major significant risk for the natural stock of H. fossilis in the Padma River of Bangladesh. During the sampling period, the recruitment pattern was more or less continuous with two major peaks (April and August). Lastly, the MSY of H. fossilis was determined as 461.08 metric tons. The results will be very effective and helpful to establish proper fishing policy in the Padma River.Item Impacts of Climate Change on Water Quality in Selected Coastal Areas of Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2020) Serder, Md. Ferog; Mostafa, Md. Golam; Ul-Islam, Md. Sultan; Hasan, Md. Rashidul; Yeasmin, Mst. SarminaA hydro-meteorological study was conducted at Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali District to assess the impacts of climate change on water quality in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Some secondary meteorological data of Khepupara (now Kalapara) station from 1975 to 2017 from BMD and mean sea level and salinity data of few decades from BWDB, SRDI, and PSMSL have been collected for the present study. The water samples from the selected estuaries, rivers, canals, ponds, and tube-wells have also been collected during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons of 2016 and 2017. Some major water quality parameters, including water temperature, DO, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, As, Zn, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCO3 – and PO43- were analyzed and the interpretation was made to determine the present water quality of the area using various diagrams, indices, formulas, and graphs. The meteorological data showed significant positive increasing trends of annual average temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. The annual average temperature increased to 0.7oC, and the projected trend line is likely to raise 1.2oC by the year 2050. The study estimated that the projected relative humidity and rainfall would be increased by 6.6 % and 234.7 cm, respectively, by the same period. The available secondary tide gauge data of four stations named the Cox’s Bazar, Khepupara, Hiron point, and Diamond Harbor were assessed and found a positive increasing trend. The higher increasing trend was observed at Khepupara station of the study area. The results showed that the water level of the Khepupara station would raise to 1.35 m by the year 2050. The EC level of the Andhermanik river increased 2.54 ds/m from 2000 to 2015 and will be increased by 8.09 ds/cm by the year 2050. The water samples of the estuaries, rivers, and canals showed a higher salinity during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The results showed higher EC, TDS, and TSS values during the dry seasons. The major ions, including Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- exceeded the permissible limit of the DoE, WHO, and FAO standards during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. The study observed the dominant water type during the pre- and post-monsoon periods was Na-Cl, whereas a mixed water type, Na-Cl-HCO3, was found in the monsoon period. The study evaluated the water quality for specific uses such as irrigation, domestic, and drinking purposes. The water quality of the estuaries, rivers, and canals was found to be poor to unfit for all purposes during the pre-monsoon season, furthermore, the water quality turned into good quality in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The selected pond waters showed good quality for irrigation uses especially in the monsoon season, nevertheless, a few pond water showed poor quality during the pre and post-monsoon seasons. The tube-well waters showed good quality except for the few water samples of the estuarine areas during the pre-monsoon season. However, all of the groundwater samples were found good quality during both the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The study results illustrated that the humidity, rainfall, mean sea level, and EC of the coastal areas showed a positive correlation with temperature. It showed that the increased temperature remarkably influenced the seawater level and salinity in the coastal watershed. The study exhibited a good correlation with existing EC and WQI values, indicating that EC values have great influences on the water quality of the coastal areas. As the EC level of the coastal watersheds was increased from 2000 to 2015. Hence, it is expected that it would severely affect the water quality in the areas by the three to four decades. The study recommends the appropriate adaptation and mitigation options to reduce further degradation of the coastal water quality as well as the entire coastal environment.Item Environmental Impacts of Entrepreneurial Fisheries in Barind Tract(University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 2020) Rahman, Md. Mokhlesur; Islam, M. NazrulThe gradual increase in fish production of Bangladesh is primarily attributed to the increased inland aquaculture especially from the entrepreneurial fisheries. Entrepreneurial fisheries in Barind Tract has also gained traction in the last several years like the few other top fish producing districts of Bangladesh. In four Barind districts (Bogura, Joypurhat, Naogoan, and Rajshahi), pond area and fish production have increased by 41.39% and 134.25% respectively in 2017-18 than that of 2007-08. In this process, thousands of hectares of the seasonal floodplain, paddy fields, and perennial wetlands have been purposely converted into large fishponds for entrepreneurial fisheries in Barind Tract. Since entrepreneurial fisheries are commercial ventures, these are also capital and input-intensive. Not only the intensity (quantity/unit area) of inputs but also the sheer volume (spread) of entrepreneurial fisheries has made it a new but significant farming system in Barind Tract hence deserves a closer look in terms of environmental impacts. Since a large number of paddy fields have been converted into entrepreneurial fishponds, input use was compared between entrepreneurial fisheries and paddy production in this study through a questionnaire-based survey. Additionally, the faunal diversity, especially aquatic invertebrates (aquatic insects, zooplankton and benthos) and water quality parameters, macro, and micro soil nutrients and heavy metal contents of the bottom sediments of entrepreneurial fishponds were compared with those of natural wetlands. Several experiments were conducted to know the impacts of various pesticides, hormones, and fish toxicants used in entrepreneurial fisheries on aquatic invertebrates and human health. To know the social impact of entrepreneurial fisheries, focus group the discussion was conducted. The current study revealed that the entrepreneurial fishponds were purposely built hence large (average size of more than an acre water area) in size with 5 to 10 feet water depth depending on the season and rearing of large-sized Indian major carps and Chinese carps. Of all the entrepreneurial fishponds, 61.5% of the ponds were located in areas that used to be seasonal floodplain, whereas 23.1% of the ponds were constructed by transforming paddy fields and 15.4% ponds were constructed through the transformation of perennial wetland.Item Ethnobotanical Study of Some Selected Plants Used in the Treatment of Skin and Diabetic Diseases in Bangladesh(University of Rajshahi, 2020) Sadat, A F M Nazmus; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Rahman, Md. MatiarThis study investigated the indigenous people’s belief on some medicinal plants those commercially used to cure different types of skin diseases as well as diabetic diseases in Bangladesh. It was observed that around 400 to 1000 medicinal plants available in Bangladesh listed in different database. In the present study ten potential medicinal plants were selected based on their skin diseases curing ability and the anti-diabetic properties through ethnobotanical study. Around 176 peer reviewed publications connected to 24 major tribes’ lives in Bangladesh were studied during selection of plants. Ultimately fresh leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Babla (Acacia nilotica), Pathorkuchi (Bryophyllum pinnatum), Sojna (Moringa oleifera) and Asham lota (Mikania cordata); fresh stems of Shornolota (Cuscuta reflexa); dried leaves of Papaya (Carica papaya) and Telakochu (Coccinia grandis); dried seeds of Ajawin (Carum copticum) and finally Kalo Jera (Nigella sativa) were enrolled in the present study. The pharmacological actions of these selected plants were assessed scientifically under a controlled laboratory setup. A comparatively noble and green extraction procedure named “Aqueous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method” was used for the preparation of crude extract which provided significantly high yield percentages. More than 30% yield was observed from the dried plant’s parts of N. sativa, C. grandis and C. papaya through this extraction procedure. Around 15% extraction was observed from fresh leaves of A. nilotica, A. indica and C. reflexa, however, still higher than the expected (10%) yield. Promising extraction also found from M. oleifera (17.42%), M. cordata (18%), C. copticum (19.14%) and B. pinnatum (21.59%). Most of the crude extracts were found acidic in nature except C. papaya and C. grandis. It was observed that M. cordata and C. copticum added more basic compounds during the extraction procedure observed by the pH changes of the solution before and after ultrasound treatment. Drastic pH changes were observed after ultrasound treatment on the plant material and indicated the nature of compound extracted from the plant parts. Crude extracts were dried by conventional water bath at 550C and preserved in a glass vial under freezing condition for further use. Crude extracts were undergone different phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Gram positive bacteria S. aureus, S. pyogenes and gram negative bacteria E. coli as well as fungi C. lunata, F. chlamydosporum and M. furfur were enrolled in the present study having distinct association on different types of skin diseases. Seven more pathogenic bacteria and 2 fungi were also included in the presents study for comparison of the antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial activities were conducted by disc diffusion method and found promising antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (against S. aureus), Acacia nilotica (against S. pyogenes and S. aureus), Bryophyllum pinnatum (against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and E. coli), Cuscuta reflexa (against S. aureus and S. pyogenes) and Moringa oleifera (against S. pyogenes). Comparatively poor sensitivity was observed against three enlisted fungi. These plants may be considered potential antimicrobial agents and may be suitable for curing different types of microorganism infected skin diseases. Three types of hypoglycemic studies were conducted to observe the anti-diabetic properties of the plants. Most of the enrolled plants were showed distinct properties on lowering blood glucose level of the dexamethasone induced diabetic mice. However extracts of A. indica, B. pinnatum, C. reflexa, C. papaya and C. grandis were showed very promising anti-diabetic effect almost similar to the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. From cytotoxic study all crude extracts were proved safer than the standard drug erythromycin and tetracycline. A purification stages were also performed by using a basic partition theory, and was observed that sufficient purifications were performed which may be considered for large scale purification including industrial setup. The whole study was conducted by minimum impact on the environment. From this study we justified the use of some ethnobotanicals for the treatment of different types of pathogenic skin diseases and diabetic disease.Item Photocatalytic Decomposition of Selected Textile Industrial Effluent on Fe-Ti-Zn Oxide Catalysts(University of Rajshahi, 2020) Tareque, Mahmud Hasan; Mostafa, Md. Golam; Islam, Md. AzizulTextile dyeing industries produce a large volume of wastewater containing printing and dyeing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals. The release of colored organic compounds in the effluents contaminates the surface and ground water and is considered to be the source of nonaesthetic pollution and eutrophication. So, it is imperative to treat the discharge effluents before releasing them to the environment. The present study focused on the characterization of the untreated effluents to understand the pollution status as well as optimize the process parameters for their degradation and mineralization by heterogeneous photocatalysis. The dyeing effluents were collected from three (3) textile dying industries of Rajshahi and Sirajganj districts. The analyzed physicochemical parameters for these effluent samples included pH, EC, DO, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD, TOC, heavy metals, and anions. The analyses were done using several methods such as gravimetric, electrochemical, colorimetric, and optical. The effluents were subjected to photocatalytic degradation using three different photocatalysts as TiO2, ZnO, and Fe2O3. The study optimized various operational parameters, including initial effluent concentration, catalyst concentration, catalyst type, pH, reaction time, and oxidizing agent dose to get the maximum degradation efficiency of an individual and mixed catalyst for a particular textile dyeing effluents.Item Statistical Modeling for Genome Data Analysis to Detect Agricultural Biomarkers(University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 2019) Akond, Zobaer; Mollah, Md. Nurul Haque; Alam, MunirulThe focuses of this study were to evaluate the performance of different statistical methods from the perspective of various genomic data such as phenotypic-genotypic data, gene expression (microarray/RNA-Seq) data, SNP data and meta-genomic data collected from different environmental samples. We also performed some in silico analysis of RNA silencing machinery genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) based on the RNAi genes of arabidopsis thaliana and expression profile analysis of seven TaDCL genes in leaves and roots as well as against drought stress using qRT-PCR. In Chapter Two, we explored better QTL mapping approach by comparative study. We found that Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) performs significantly better than the other four Simple Interval Mapping (SIM) methods in detecting QTL positions in backcross technique both on simulated data and on real rice genome dataset. In the case of real rice genome data analysis for backcross population, the CIM identified some vital positions that were not detected by the traditional SIM approaches.-----