Research Reports (1998): Health Studies, Vol - XXV
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Item Women's involvement in BRAC development activities and child nutrition(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998) Khatun, Masuma; Bhuiya, Abbas; Chowdhury, MushtaqueThis study explores the effect of women's involvement in BRAC's income and health development activities on the nutritional status of their children aged 6-72 months. MUAC measurements of 1,518 children aged 6- 72 months (using TALC) were taken between April-August 1995 under the BRAC-lCDDR,B joint research project in Matlab using a four-cell-study design . Data analysis consisted of both bivariate and multivariate analysis, along with comparison with similar data from a baseline sun'ey done in 1992. Findings reveal that prevalence of severe PEM has decreased significantly from 23 .2% to 14.1% among children of BRAC member households (p<0.05) during the period between 1992 and 1995. However. among non-member households, the prevalence remained almost unchanged (21.2%). The positive effect of women's involvement in BRAC development activities on their child's nutritional status remained significant even after controlling for age and sex of the child; age. year of schooling and number of living children of the mother; per capita monthly expenditure; MCHFP area; and four study cells during regression procedure. The children, whose mothers were participating in BRAC development activities, were 41% less likely to suffer from severe malnutrition compared to those of non-member (p<0.05). However, gender differential in the prevalence of severe malnutrition was very pronounced among the children of BRAC member households (p<0.05). This may, in part. be explained by the fact that BRAC does not have gender focused component in its programme. Programmatic implications of these findings are discussed.Item Woman-focused development programme improves child survival in rural Bangladesh(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998) Bhuiya, Abbas; Chowdhury, MushtaqueThis paper reports results from a prospective study of impact of a woman-focused development programme on child survival in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. A total of 5,567 children born during 1993-96 in the study area were followed till the end of December 1996. Life table analysis was carried out to compare the survival curves of children of mothers who participated in the development programme with those of comparable and richer non-participants. Hazard analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk of death controlling the effects of other independent variables. The analysis revealed a positive impact of the development programmes on survival of children.Item Quality of immunization services(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998) Aziz, KMA; Chowdhury, AMR; Mol, Dineke; Begum, Shamim Ara; Begum, Insana; Sultana, Shagufta; Karim, FazlulItem Prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among pregnant women in a rural area of Bangladesh(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998-07) Hyder, S.M. ZiauddinThis study describes the anaemia prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women in a rural community in Bangladesh. The study women were recruited from 50 BRAC antenatal care centres. A total of 216 pregnant women during second trimester of pregnancy were included from rural communities of Mymensingh during May to November 1997. Information was collected on demographic and socioeconomic factors, reproductive history, last menstrual period, fundal height, mid upper arm circumference, haemoglobin concentration as well as ascaris and hookworm infestations. The result indicates that 56% of the pregnant women were found anaemic according to the WHO criteria. There was no case of severe anaemia and the prevalence of mild and moderate anaemia was 22.7'% and 32.9% respectively. Women 's age, household landholding and occupation categorised as farming and nonfarming were significantly associated with the anaemia prevalence (p~O . OS) . Malnourished women in farming households had higher anaemia prevalence. However, nutritional status was not associated with anaemia prevalence among women in non-farming households (p>O.OS) Anaemia seems to have very high prevalence among pregnant women irrespective of their parity and socioeconomic status. Further studies are required to investigate the causes of anaemia during pregnancy.Item Immunization status of under-2 children in BRAC member and non-member households(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998-10) Tarannum, Sabah; Hyder, S.M. ZiauddinThis study assessed the immunization status of children aged under 2 among BRAC member and non-member households. Data were obtained from a total of I ,872 children. during April 1994 to December 1996, residing in I 00 villages of 4 rural thana.,·. Namely Saturia, Santhia, Mirzapur and Kazipur Complete immunization coverage rate (children having all 6 vaccines) was lower among BRAC member households (77%) compared to non-member households (eligible and non-eligible) (80-82%). The immunizations coverage rates for BCG, OPT and polio were much higher (over 90%) in all gruops of households compared to the coverage for measles (around 60%). The difference between OPT and polio vaccines and memvership status was staristically significant (p<0.05). Immunization coverage was significantly (pItem Immunization coverage In BRAC member and non-member households: evidence from Matlab, Bangladesh(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998-07) Ahmed, Syed Masud; Chowdhury, Mushtaque; Bhuiya, AbbasBRAC's RDP (Rural Development Programme) targets the poorest of the poor with special emphasis on improving the health and socioeconomic condition of women and children. It is hypothesized that BRAC's economic and non-economic inputs (like preventive health and nutrition intervention) through Essential Health Care (EHC) package will influence the health-seeking behaviour of the participant households with respect to accessing available immunization facilities for children. This paper attempts to explore the effect of BRAC's RDP-EHC interventions on changes in immunization coverage of the beneficiary households.Item Immunisations in enclaved populations: the case of Chittagong Hill tracts and tea estates(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998) Bhuiya, Abbas; Begum, Shamim Ara; Chowdhury, AMRItem Health during disaster: sharing experiences with 1998 flood victims(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998-11) ShahaduzzamanItem Fertility in Bangladesh villages: socio-economic and community differentials(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998-11) Hadi, AbdullahelAbstract: This report assesses the role of development programme in reducing fertility in rural Bangladesh. Data for this research came from Watch, a demographic and health surveillance system of BRAC covering 70 villages in 10 regions of the country. A total of 9,862 married women of reproductive ages were interviewed that provided their fertility history along with the basic socioeconomic information of the households. Findings reveal that both general and total fertility rates were inverselv associated with age, education, land ownership and socioeconomic status of women. The regional variation in fertility was very high and significant. The credit programme participation played a negative and statistically significant role in reducing both general and total fertility in rural Bangladesh.Item Effect of BRAC's rural development programme on calorie consumption: evidence from Matlab(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1998) Khatun, Masuma; Hyder, SM Ziauddin; Bhuiya, Abbas; Chowdhury, AMRThis report describes the association between calorie consumption and socioeconomic status indicators and examines the effect of BRAC's Rural Development Programme (RDP) membership on per capita daily calorie consumption. The analysis was based on data collected from 2, 061 households in Matlab thana during April-August, 1995 under BRAC-ICDDR,B joint research project. Socioeconomic and food consumption data were collected through home visits using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Total household calorie consumption per day was divided by household food consumption unit to obtain per capita daily calorie consumption. The results revealed that average per capita calorie consumption among the study population was 1,929 kcal (95% CI: 1,897-1,961 kcal) which is comparable to the national average of 1,943 kcal. Calorie consumption was significantly associated with household size and land holding; occupation and literacy of the household head; and monthly food and non-food expenditure (p