2021

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    Correlation of SPT N and CPT parameters of Dhaka Soil
    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Karim, Rifah; Nabila, Anika Tahsin; Sayeed, Nazifa
    Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a very common situ test all over the world for its simplicity. Whereas Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is recently getting popular for its accuracy. Both the tests are necessary for the study of stratigraphy of soil and to find out important geotechnical properties of subsurface soil. Many empirical studies have been conducted based on the correlations of parameters of the two in-situ tests. Dhaka soil is mostly sandy with a mixture of silt and clay. In this study, correlation among the sleeve friction, cone penetration resistance from CPT and N value from SPT. The n ratio for Dhaka soil was compared with those from other literatures. Also, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis has been done with the help of MATLAB for the generation of N-value prediction multi-linear equations for various soil types. Verifications of the N value prediction for sandy Dhaka soil shows that the study requires some improvements that addition of fine content is to be done.
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    Source, Characterization and Analysis Methodology of Microplastics in River Sediment: A Literature Review
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Islam, Md. Tanvirul; Rahman, Nahian
    Microplastic pollution has gained global attention as an emerging environmental issue considering ambiguity, chemical inertness, and adverse impact. This study illustrates significant sources of microplastics and their pathways to the river sediment. Degradation and biofouling- two concrete terms related to the fate of microplastics in the aquatic environment are briefly explained in this study. Moreover, this study summarizes the outcomes and methodologies of some peer-reviewed articles on microplastics in river sediment. The result indicates great geographical variation in the concentration of microplastics around the globe. High concentration of microplastics was recorded in Wen- Rui Tang river, China, with an average abundance of 32947±15342 items/kg, whereas in the Qin river, the concentration of microplastics ranges from 0 to 97 items/kg only. Fibers, transparent and small-sized microplastics are predominant in shape, color, and size, respectively, in most studies. In terms of chemical composition, Polyethylene (PE) and/or Polypropylene (PP) are the dominant types of microplastics. However, a wide variation in technical approaches for microplastic analysis is observed in various studies. This study includes comparative discussion on different sampling methods and tools, benefits and drawbacks of various chemicals used for digestion and density separation, as well as ease and difficulties of different spectroscopy. Last but not least, some recommendations are proposed in the conclusion of this study for the advancement of research on microplastics in the future.
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    Soil Settlement Analysis from Field Monitoring Data and its Simulation at Kanchpur Bridge
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Sadia, Saima; Islam, Mayesha Farzana; Broti, Rafia Nusrat Khan
    The study and measurement of the settlement is a concern for any Geotech engineer. For the serviceability of subgrade projects, the prediction of embankment settlement is a critically important issue. We have to calculate settlement especially differential settlement to ensure the design grade of embankment. This study includes the project Embankment Settlement of Kanchpur bridge. The embankment should be placed considering and risk associated with surcharge loads. In this thesis, finite element analysis using PLAXIS-2D has been used for the analysis of finite elements. Hardening Soil Model and Soft Soil Model have been used in this simulation as a constitutive model. Various field tests have been done by ProSoil from where soil parameters have been determined. Using these parameters, settlement of embankment in soft soil has been estimated. Geogrid has been used for the improvement of the soil along with the determination of the settlement through conventional method.
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    Potential of rainwater harvesting and reusing industrial effluent in a textile industry
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Rashid, Sabab; Islam, Md Shoriful
    Groundwater is the water trapped underground in the cracks and gaps in dirt, sand, and rock. It is deposited in and eventually travels through aquifers, which are geologic formations of dirt, sand, and rocks. Groundwater is frequently less expensive, more accessible, and less pollutable than surface water. As a result, it is widely used in municipal water sources. Textile industries consume a lot of groundwater on a daily basis which is alarming to the welfare of the environment. In Bangladesh, the daily consumable amount of groundwater is very threatening and is increasing day by day. The objective of this study is to reduce the load on groundwater caused by textile industries via suggesting alternatives. Two of the water sources – rainwater and industrial effluent were considered to play that role. Their potential is analyzed via laboratory tests and statistical analysis. This study aims to find out the potential of rainwater harvesting for a textile industry, determine the usability and quality of industrial effluent and to find out whether we can use the effluent as supplement and if so, what treatment procedures are to be considered. For rainwater harvesting, a time period of 1953-2014 was considered in Gazipur area, as the industry considered in this study is placed there. Standard parameters to determine the quality of industrial effluent for reusing in textile industry was tested and water quality was analyzed. The primary results show that via rainwater harvesting only, up to 5.95% of groundwater can be supplemented – 54% if the industrial effluent supplementation is combined.
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    Orientation and Location of Shear Walls in RC Buildings to Control Deflection and Drifts
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-11-30) Siddique, M. Fahim; Simon, Ashikur Rahman; Hridoy, Ferdows Kabir; Safat, Sanjid Ahmed
    Controlling drift and deflection caused by lateral loads such as wind load and earthquake load is a major concern while constructing high-rise structures. To resist the lateral loads, one of the most feasible and commonly used mechanism are shear wall systems. Shear walls provide high plane stiffness and strength which can be utilized to resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads simultaneously. While placing the shear walls in a building structure, a major issue is the orientation and location which plays a vital role in seismic performance of such system against lateral loads. If shear walls are not placed properly, they may generate eccentricity in building which is the main cause for torsion. In this study attempt has been carried out find out the proper orientation and location of shear walls in RC building to control drift and deflection by modeling and analyzing of building with different shear wall positions. For this purpose, a 10 storey RC building has been modeled in computer application software ETABS with different locations of shear walls (i.e. shear wall at center, Shear wall at sides & inner wall, Shear wall at periphery, Shear wall at Corners and Shear wall at Center & Edges ). The framed structure is subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with BNBC 2017 and the analytical results of each model has been compared with that of the bare frame in terms of storey shear, storey drift, storey displacement, stiffness, torsional irregularity, time period and mode shapes
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    Modelling of Urban Storm Water Runoff Using SWMM
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Abdullah-Al-Masum, Mohammad; Islam, Md Nihal; Shakif, Shanjidul Hassan; Kobi, Shabab Hossain
    Water logging is one of the major nuisances faced in Dhaka. Moderate to severe rainfall intensity, during the monsoon season, causes severe inundation in the prime locations of the city. The primary causes of water logging are inadequate drainage sections, conventional drainage systems with low capacity and gravity, natural siltation, lack of inlets and outlets, indefinite drainage outlets, improper maintenance of existing drainage systems, and over and above disposal of solid waste into drains and drainage paths. Water logging is also sometimes caused by the topography of the city area. The residents of Dhaka City are burdened by the water logging, which has negative social, physical, economic, and environmental consequences. Urbanization is one of the reasons of increasing impervious area, disturbing the natural catchment and creating a demand for efficient drainage system. Mirpur 10, Begum Rokeya Sarani is one of the areas where flooding in quite inevitable during the rainy season. In this study, the storm water modelling of the mentioned area was conducted involving EPA SWMM and ArcGIS software to access the surface runoff and flooding using IDF curve for different return periods. The rainfall data of Dhaka city from 2010 to 2019 was collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and the hydraulic data was collected from DWASA. Moreover, node flooding of the existing hydraulic structure, due to severe rainfall events, was also analyzed. To see how far Low Impact development practices could reduce urban flooding, one of them (Rain barrel) was tested on the catchment area, and the node flooding volumes were compared with or without Low Impact Development techniques. The results of the modeling show that there is a significant risk of node flooding, particularly in the event of extreme rainfall. However, after the LIDs were implemented, the flood peak value, surface runoff and flooding were significantly reduced.
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    Influence of Building Load on Braced Excavation of Dhaka Subway
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Maisha, Tamanna-E-Hafiz; Hassan, Fahim Shahriar; Fahim, Tahmid Shahriar
    The stability of a braced excavation and nearby ground surface depends primarily on the properties of struts (number of struts, stiffness of a strut and their vertical and horizontal spacings), strut prestressing, different combination of strut arrangement, properties of the retaining wall (depth of penetration below the final cut level and stiffness), foundation of nearby structures, excavation width and water table level. Hence it is required to consider the impact of the above factors on wall and ground movement of braced excavation to determine the optimum results in terms of force in the struts, moment developed in the wall, deflection of the wall and the displacement of the adjacent ground surface. A number of research work has been carried out in the past and are still ongoing to evaluate the effect of excavation component properties on braced excavation but none of these works emphasized the effect of nearby building foundation on Braced excavation. Hence in this thesis book, we will determine the influence of building foundation on Braced Excavation of Dhaka Subway considering groundwater drawdown and Slip elements along diaphragm wall.
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    Importance of Shear Wall to Control Deflection and Drift of RC Buildings for Different Earthquake Zones with respect to Aspect Ratio
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Mahdi, Muhammad Rafiul; Masnun, Md. Rabib
    Bangladesh is situated in a geographically vulnerable location making it susceptible to major earthquakes and disastrous cyclones in the near future. The situation is exacerbated due to the ever-increasing colossal population density of the country. In this study, the impact of shear wall in controlling lateral loads has been investigated with respect to aspect ratios (Height/Breadth) for different Breadth/Length ratios (0.5, 0.75,1) to realize the effect of narrow and symmetrical buildings. Shear wall is an efficacious alternative for controlling lateral loads of a structure. The building models have been developed in ETABS for four different seismic zones (Z=0.12, 0.2, 0.28, 0.36) to explore the ramifications of earthquakes for each building type. The study concludes that shear wall can reduce story drift and lateral deflection by almost 90 percent irrespective of seismic zones and building shapes. Furthermore, the necessity of shear walls in buildings with a decreasing Breadth/Length ratio and an increasing aspect ratio is relatively higher as they are more vulnerable to lateral loads, which can be visualized from the data obtained from the study. The study also recommends the aspect ratios at which shear walls will be necessary to restrict the deflection and drift within the limit for buildings in different seismic zones mentioned in BNBC 2020
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    Factors affecting safety perception of helmet and seat belt use: a bayesian network approach
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Bhuiyan, Md. Rifat Hossain; Chowdhury, Md. Rwanakul Islam; Nokshi, Kashfia Nahrin
    Major growth in economy over the last few years, alongside the increasing trend of ride sharing applications resulted in a significant increase of motorized vehicles in Bangladesh. With the increase of motorized vehicles in national and regional highways, there has been a spike in the number of road fatalities. Being one of the fastest growing economies, Bangladesh is still lagging behind in terms of ensuring road safety and awareness due to its poor law enforcement and improper management from the authorities. Safety restraints, particularly helmet and seatbelt, have been proven to be highly effective in reducing road fatality and accidents. But unfortunately, the number of applications of such safety restraints is not up to the mark compared to the number of motorized vehicles plying in the highways in this region. Previous research on road accidents and application of safety restraints in Bangladesh mostly comprised of volumetric studies and statistical analysis of road fatalities and trends of road accidents in the region. There is a gap in research regarding the socio demographic factors that influenced one’s perception of helmet or seat belt usage and the dependence of the factors among themselves, especially for the case developing nations such as Bangladesh. The following study seeks to establish a causal relationship among the factors that influence the rider or driver’s usage of helmet and seatbelt respectively, in order to identify the variables that has the most impact on safety restraints application and their impact on other influencing factors. In this study, a causal relationship was established among variables that represent both demographic and safety perception to identify the factors that influenced helmet and seat belt use on national and regional highways in Bangladesh. The network was established based on previous research findings and expert knowledge using Bayesian Belief Network. The Bayesian network was formed using PC algorithm that was based on conditional independence. Data were collected from 32 intersections from national and regional highways. The study was conducted on secondary data provided by Roads and Highways Department (RHD). The Bayesian network was used to find the posterior probability for all variables for the presence of helmet and seat belt respectively using the expectation-maximization algorithm and sensitivity analysis. xii Results showed that effectiveness of helmet as safety restraint, motorbike ownership, and helmet avoidance are the major influential factors for helmet use, whereas education level, license type, perception of accident reduction, and perception of injury for not wearing helmet are the main factors behind seat belt usage. In both cases, police intervention did not have any significant effect on helmet and seat belt usage, indicating poor law enforcement in the region. Results from this study can be a useful resource for policy makers and law enforcement authorities to take necessary actions to encourage use of safety restraints among riders and drivers.
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    Evaluation of satisfaction level of waterbus services in Dhaka city from commuters’ perspective
    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2021-03-30) Anan, Fawziya Fariha; Ahmed, Nawsin; Habib, Kazi Tahsina
    Traffic congestion is considered as an acute problem for Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. The whole city got stuck at the peak hours due to heavy traffic volume and the city incurs huge economic loss due to loss of working hours. As Dhaka is surrounded by five main rivers i.e., Buriganga, Balu, Tongi, Turag and Sitolakha as well as several lakes (i.e., Hatirjheel, Dhanmondi, Gulshan etc.) are observed inside the city, implementation of water bus services was considered as a solution to avoid traffic congestion in certain places for the commuters here. That's why initially BIWTC (Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation) had launched a water bus service from Sadarghat to Gabtoli touching several locations through Buriganga and Turag rivers. However, the service is about to fail and very infrequent now due to lack of insufficient passengers. Perhaps poor service quality was one of the major reasons for the insufficiency of passengers which were not explored by the concerned authority. Thus this study aims to evaluate the satisfaction level on the service quality and safety of the water bus service in Dhaka city. A water bus service on Hatirjheel lake connecting areas among Gudaraghat, Gulshan 1, Film Development Corporation, Merul-Badda is considered as a case study for this research. Although it is a running service, however, the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the service and safety issues of water bus have not been assessed yet, which is very important for promoting and flourishing water bus services in Dhaka city to save time of the commuters in future. The satisfaction level on the service quality and safety will be measured by 150 passengers using this route through a questionnaire survey. The questions will focus two broader perspectives i.e. service quality and safety of the water bus. The service quality of water bus involves many features such as cleanliness, comfort, punctuality, reliability, seating capacity, convenience whereas safety perspective accounts issues like drivers' operating characteristics, safety equipment, emergency equipment, health facility, harassment etc. Linear regression model will be developed to evaluate the effects of respondents' socio economic, demographic and travel characteristics on service quality and safety of water bus. Moreover, four and three distinct models will be developed for four components (i.e., cleanliness, comfort, punctuality & reliability, driver characteristics) of service quality and three components of safety (i.e., safety equipment, emergency equipment, health facility, harassment) and two aggregated models of service quality and safety will be developed respectively. Through the results of individual models along with the overall model, x the satisfactory level of the respondents will be evaluated. These models will also reveal that the satisfaction level among commuters will greatly vary based on their socio-demographic, economic and travel characteristics. The results of this study would help the BIWTC authority to take necessary measures for improving service quality and safety of water buses. Revealing stakeholders’ opinions is essential for the successful implementation, continuation and expansion of this type of service